如何克服和处理好种子售后易出现的问题

种子作为一种有生命的特殊商品 ,随着市场经济的放开搞活 ,各作物种子广泛使用 ,种子质量纠纷等售后问题也随之增多。作为种子的生产经营单位 ,应将种子售后易出现的问题提到议事日程 ,正确对待 ,否则将使企业信誉受到影响 ,严重的甚至造成单位破产 ,责任人受到经济、刑事处罚。如何妥善处理这方面的工作 ,结合本人这些年的经验 ,谈几个看法与同仁商榷。1　生产、经营通过审定 (认定 )的品种审定通过的品种遗传稳定 ,不易分离 ,按制种规程操作不会出现纯度问题。《中华人民共和国种子法》(以下简称《种子法》)进一步明确了未经审定或审定未…     

暴发性鱼病的研究及防制

暴发性鱼病是我区鱼类的常发病，主要引起白鳞、白鲢、镛、鲫、团头鲂等淡鱼类的暴发流行，通过对我区部分盟市暴发性鱼病的流行调查，分离出两株嗜水气单胞菌，经鉴定与无锡嗜水气单胞菌菌株有相同特点，并对分离菌进行致病性试验和毒素的毒性试验，分离菌具有明显的致病性和毒素毒性，并产生明显的体表出血充血以及败血症变化。对分离菌在不同的条件下培养，得知该菌可在PH6－9生长，最适温度为10－30℃，低盐或无盐状态下易于生长。将分离菌株和无锡菌株制成多价灭活全菌苗，用注射法和浸泡法对鲫鱼进行免疫，20天后攻毒，观察60天，保护率注射组为20／20，浸泡组为19／20，起到了免疫保护作用。将自制的多价灭活全菌苗应用推广于我区部分盟市，有效地防止了暴发性鱼病的发生，达到新增鲜鱼总产量129.8万公斤，新增总产值1038.4万元。提高了我区养鱼业的经济效益。     

用酶联免疫吸附试验检测蓝舌病血清抗体

我们应用农业部动物检疫所蓝舌病组提供的酶联免疫吸附试验方法检测251份山羊蓝舌病血清抗体,通过特异性试验,阻断试验利重复性试验证明其特异性和重复性较好,用本方法和琼扩对比,ELISA比琼扩的敏感性高21.5个百分点,ELISA对琼扩的     

An analysis of an early-warning system to reduce abortions in dairy cattle in Denmark incorporating both financial and epidemiologic aspects

Emergency preparedness relies on the ability to detect patterns in rare incidents in an early stage of an outbreak in order to implement relevant actions. Early warning of an abortion storm as a result of infection with a notifiable disease, e.g. brucellosis, bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) or infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), is a significant surveillance tool. This study used data from 507 large Danish dairy herds. A modified two-stage method for detecting an unusual increase in the abortion incidence was applied to the data. An alarm was considered true if an abortion were detected in the month following the alarm month, otherwise false. The total number of abortions that could potentially be avoided if effective action were taken ranged from 769 (22.9%) to 10 (0.3%), as the number of abortions required to set the alarm increased from 1 to 6. The vast majority of abortions could, however, not be predicted, much less prevented, given this early-warning system. The false to true alarm ratio was reduced when the number of abortions that set the alarm increased. The financial scenarios evaluated demonstrated that the value of an abortion, the cost of responding to an alarm and the efficiency of the actions are important for decision making when reporting an alarm. The presented model can readily be extended to other disease problems and multiple-time periods.     

双价抗虫棉中棉所41号

~~双价抗虫棉中棉所41号@李润清$山东省菏泽市牡丹区种子管理站!274011     

油用牡丹丰产栽培综合管理技术

油用牡丹是我国一种特有的木本油用植物资源。油用牡丹产业是我国一项特色新兴产业,发展前景广阔。发展好油用牡丹产业,可产生重大的经济、社会和生态效益,助力脱贫攻坚,促进乡村振兴。近年来,我国油用牡丹种植面积不断增加。种植者正确掌握并应用相关栽培管理技术,是实现丰产增收的前提。总结介绍了油用牡丹的播种与栽植技术、苗木培育管理技术、主要病虫害及其防治技术,以期为油用牡丹的栽培管理和深入研究提供参考。     

Role of adenine nucleotide translocator 1 in mtDNA maintenance

Autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia is a rare human disease that shows a Mendelian inheritance pattern, but is characterized by large-scale mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions. We have identified two heterozygous missense mutations in the nuclear gene encoding the heart/skeletal muscle isoform of the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT1) in five families and one sporadic patient. The familial mutation substitutes a proline for a highly conserved alanine at position 114 in the ANT1 protein. The analogous mutation in yeast caused a respiratory defect. These results indicate that ANT has a role in mtDNA maintenance and that a mitochondrial disease can be caused by a dominant mechanism.     

Spontaneous vaginal rupture in pregnant ewes

Seventeen cases of spontaneous, partial or total vaginal rupture, in pregnant ewes, involving the dislocation and herniation of the intestines and uterus, were studied. Four of them also had a uterine torsion, and three of these recovered after treatment. In the remaining 13 cases the condition of the uterus was unknown. The lesion always consisted of a dorsolateral tear in the vagina with a partial or total perforation of the wall close to the uterine cervix. The affected animals were all in normal body condition. Their average age was just under five years, and most were carrying twins. Most cases occurred approximately one week before expected lambing. None of the cases was observed to have a vaginal prolapse before the vaginal rupture. Histological examination of one case revealed scar formation in the vaginal wall close to the rupture, which appeared to be due to an earlier inflammatory process or injury. The circulatory disturbance in the reproductive organs caused by the uterine torsion potentially weakens the vaginal wall. This weakness, in combination with excessive tenesmus resulting from increased tension in the uterine ligaments, and in some cases possibly with a lower vaginal resistance due to previous scarring, may be of aetiological significance in spontaneous vaginal rupture.     

Pharmacokinetics of sulphadiazine-trimethoprim in lactating dairy cows

Five Finnish Ayrshire cows in mid or end-lactation were treated with 40 mg sulphadiazine/kg and 8 mg trimethoprim/kg using intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) routes. Elimination of sulphadiazine was not affected by the route of administration (median t1/2 4.4-5.0 h) while elimination of trimethoprim was strongly limited by slow absorption from the injection site after s.c. and i.m. administration (median for apparent t1/2 21-25 h) compared to that after i.v. administration (median t1/2 1.2 h; p < 0.05). The median bioavailability of trimethoprim was also decreased, being 37% and 55% after s.c. and i.m. administration, respectively. When i.v. administration was used, trimethoprim concentration exceeded 0.1 mg/l in milk between 0.15-8 h while sulphadiazine concentrations above 2 mg/l were maintained from 0.5-2 h to 8 h. After s.c. and i.m. administration sulphadiazine in milk behaved similar to that after i.v. administration, while trimethoprim time-concentration curves were flat and trimethoprim concentrations were around 0.1 mg/l for an extended period of time (8-12 h). Median Cmax values in milk were only 0.07 mg/l and 0.10 mg/l for s.c. and i.m. administrations, respectively. After s.c. administration, 4 out of 5 cows showed signs of pain. After i.m. administration, 2 of the cows showed clear signs of pain and one had some local tenderness at the site of injection.     

Review of left-to-right shunting patent ductus arteriosus and short term outcome in 98 dogs

The case records of 98 dogs with a left-to-right shunting patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were reviewed. There were 35 breeds represented, with a female to male ratio of 3:1. Forty per cent of the dogs were older than one year at initial presentation and 31 per cent had clinical signs attributable to PDA. A left heart base continuous murmur of grade IV/VI or higher was noted in 90 per cent of the dogs. On electrocardiography, the most common abnormalities were tall R waves (63 per cent) and deep QII waves (62 per cent). The radiographic triad of dilation of the descending aorta with enlargement of the main pulmonary artery segment and left atrium, typical of PDA, was noted in only 26 per cent of cases. Two-dimensional (2D) and M-mode echocardiography detected left atrial enlargement (35 per cent) and an increased left ventricular diameter in diastole (82 per cent) and systole (84 per cent) as the most common abnormalities. Doppler echocardiography demonstrated increased aortic outflow velocities in 66 per cent of cases. The overall short-term successful outcome in this study was 95 per cent. There was no significant difference between surgical ductal ligation using a standard technique or the Jackson-Henderson technique in terms of survival, occurrence of haemorrhage or residual shunting. The number of interventional procedures used in this study was too low for statistical comparison, but there appeared to be a trend towards a higher rate of residual shunting and a lower fatality rate using a coil occlusion technique.