论电子阅览室的知识导航与信息服务

本文立足于知识导航与信息服务，对网络环境下电子阅览室的服务内容、服务保障、目前面临的现状进行了论述，并提出了服务对策。     

大肠杆菌耐热肠毒素b及其致动物腹泻的机理

介绍了大肠杆菌耐热肠毒素b（STb）的编码基因、理化性质、免疫学特征、分泌特征、毒性相关氨基酸残基、空间结构、膜受体以及STb致动物腹泻的机理。认为STb是一种十分重要的肠毒素，应进一步加强对STb及其致腹泻机理的研究。     

Study on integrin-mediated albumin microbubbles adherence to activated leukocytes

AIM:To investigate the mechanism responsible for albumin microbubbles adherence to activated leukocytes. METHODS: In vitro studies were performed in which activated or nonactivated leukocytes were incubated with albumin microbubbles and observed under microscopy. The suspensions of leukocytes and microbubbles which contained or absented of integrins were analyzed with flow cytometry.RESULTS: A minimum of 50cells were identified under transillumination. 5 min after microbubbles were incubated with leukocytes, the number of cells interacting with microbubbles was greater for activated cells than for nonactivated cells(20.30±2.67 vs 4.50±1.43, P <0.01).Microbubbles attached to the surface of activated leukocytes were phagocytosed and remained intact for up to 30min. Microbubble attachment was inhibited notably by blocking the leukocyte β₂-integrin Mac-1(P <0.01) and by VLA-4mAb slightly(P <0.05) CONCLUSION: The mechanism of albumin microbubbles attaching to and phagocytosed by leukocytes was due to β₂-integrin and VLA-4 mediation. Phagocytosed microbubbles can remain at the regions of inflammation for15 min, also responsible to ultrasound.     

昆虫病原线虫和共生细菌培养系统中噬菌体的检测

本文利用紫外照射、温度、pH、盐度诱导五株溶源性共生菌株Xenorhabdus和Photorhabdus同时测定斯氏和异小杆属线虫Steinernema carpocapsae A24,S.carpacapsae ALL,S.feltiae English,S.feltiae SN,Heterorhabditis bacterophora H06在体外培养过程中是否存在感染共生细菌的噬菌体。结果未发现噬菌斑，说明实验菌株在实验诱导条件下以及昆虫病原线虫固体培养系统中不可能诱发噬菌体的危害。     

Changes of potassium currents in rabbit ventricle with healed myocardial infarction

AIM: To elucidate the mechanism of arrhythmia in healed myocardial infarction (HMI), and to investigate the changes of action potential duration (APD),transient outward potassium current (I_to), delayed rectifier potassium current (I_K) and inward rectifier potassium current (I_K1) of left ventricular myocytes in noninfarcted zone of HMI. METHODS: 12 rabbits were randomly assigned in two groups: HMI group (thoracotomy and ligation of the circumflex coronary); sham-operated group (thoracotomy but no conorary ligation). 3 months after operation, whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record APD, I_to, I_K and I_K1 of ventricular myocytes in non-infarcted zone. RESULTS: Membrane capacitance was larger in HMI group than that in sham-operated group. Action potential duration was lengthened significantly in HMI group and early after depolarization (EAD) appeared in HMI group. The densities of I_to, I_K,tail and I_K1 were reduced significantly in HMI group (P<0.01), from (6.72±0.42) pA/pF, (1.54±0.13) pA/pF and (25.6±2.6) pA/pF in Sham-operated group to (4.03±0.33) pA/pF, (1.14±0.11) pA/pF and (17.6±2.3) pA/pF, respectively. CONCLUSION: The reduced densities of I_to, I_K,tail and I_K1 in ventricular myocytes of non-infarcted zone in HMI are responsible for the prolongation of APD and the presentation of EAD, which play important roles in the malignant arrhythmia of HMI.     

山羊生精上皮细胞分离研究

采用四种酶法分离二月龄关中奶山羊生精上皮细胞,A组:胶原酶Ⅳ;B组:胶原酶Ⅳ +透明质酸酶;C组:胶原酶Ⅳ+透明质酸酶+胰蛋白酶与EDTA;D组:胶原酶Ⅳ+透明质酸酶+胰蛋白酶与EDTA+DnaseI。结果二月龄羔羊曲细精管主要包含Sertoli细胞、精原细胞和管周排列的肌样细胞。每 200mg睾丸实质收获生精上皮细胞总数 (×105 )A,B,C,D组分别为 6. 91±0. 68, 6. 67±0. 80, 5. 94±0. 81, 5. 74±0. 82;细胞存活率 (% )分别为 76. 82±3. 80, 75. 96±1. 61, 94. 19±2. 89, 92. 32±1. 97;圆形细胞比率 (% )分别为 17. 54±1. 68, 16. 70±1. 46, 23. 64±1. 72, 22. 90±2. 38;细胞贴壁率(% )分别为 5. 93±0. 36, 5. 81±0. 54, 26. 94±1. 54, 25. 00±1. 74。C,D组不但组织块解离效果及细胞离散程度均较A,B好,且原代培养细胞团块数少。多重比较C,D组显著优于A,B组 (P<0.05);C组与D组差异不显著(P>0.05),但与A,B组比较细胞存活率、圆形细胞比率及贴壁率差异极显著(P<0.01)。结论认为C组是较简单有效的山羊生精上皮细胞分离酶组合。     

不同能量摄入水平对围产期奶牛生产性能及血浆瘦素浓度影响的研究

将健康的围产期奶牛30头随机分为3组, 每组10头。其中Ⅱ组为对照组, Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组分别为试验组。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组均于产前28d开始分别饲喂NRC标准减少20%日粮(能量摄入80%组)、NRC标准日粮(能量摄入100%组)、NRC标准增加20%日粮(能量摄入120%组), 产后各组奶牛均饲喂标准日粮, 至产后56d结束。观察妊娠后期奶牛不同能量水平对干物质摄入量、产奶量、乳成分及体重等生产性能和血浆瘦素浓度的影响。试验结果表明: 奶牛产后干物质摄入量、产奶量、乳中蛋白质、乳脂率和非固体物质为Ⅰ组高于Ⅱ组、Ⅱ组又高于Ⅲ组(P>0 05 ); 同时血浆瘦素浓度为Ⅰ组高于Ⅱ组、Ⅱ组又高于Ⅲ组, 经统计分析组间差异极显著(P<0 01) 或差异显著(P<0 05); 但产前28~14d瘦素浓度组间差异均不显著(P>0 05 ), 此后Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组差异显著(P<0 05 )。此外, Ⅰ组体重消耗最小, Ⅲ组体重消耗最大, 各组间差异极显著(P<0 01)。可见, 围产期健康奶牛不同能量水平与干物质摄入量、产奶量、乳成分、体重等生产性能及血浆瘦素浓度之间存在着密切的关系。     

草地土壤肥力及其营养管理的必要性

介绍了草地土壤肥力的来源,土壤基本养分对草地生产的作用,草地植物与动物对养分的需求量及缺乏症状,说明了加强草地营养管理以及维持草地生态系统营养平衡的重要性,指出增强对土壤肥力和营养管理是提高草地生产能力、保证草地生态系统平衡、保障草地可持续利用的关键技术措施.     

草地群落类型对乳白香青种群特征和雌雄株形态及抗性的影响

为探究亚高山雌雄异株草本植物乳白香青对生境的适应方式,通过测定5个草地群落(A-老芒麦改良草地,B-虉草改良草地,C-天然草地,D-天然草甸,E-沙化草地)中乳白香青种群数、种群密度和面积、分布系数、性比组成,以及雌雄株构件性状、生物量配比、水分分配及抗性物质含量等参数,研究群落组成对乳白香青种群特征、雌雄株形态可塑性及抗性的影响。结果表明,5个草地群落的优势种、群落密度、基盖度、物种密度和优势种高度及土壤理化性状的显著差异(P<0.05),使不同群落中乳白香青种群特征显著不同,群落类型对种群特征参数影响顺序为种群面积>种群密度>性比>年龄结构>种群数>分布系数;D群落中乳白香青种群数和分布系数最高,C中乳白香青种群面积和密度最大,E中乳白香青种群数仅分别为D和C中的30.21%和35.11%,分布系数仅为C中的36.04%;群落类型对乳白香青种群年龄结构和性比有显著影响(P<0.05),雌株数为雄株的2.22~7.03倍;叶数和叶面积、株高和茎径、根长、小花数和苞片层数有显著的性别差异(P<0.05),群落类型对雌雄株的叶数和叶面积、株高、根数、花序数和小花数有显著影响,对雄株茎径和苞片层数有显著影响;雄株总生物量和花分配比显著高于雌株,而根分配比显著低于雌株(P<0.05),群落类型对乳白香青生物量配比有显著影响,雌株生物量配比受影响顺序为花>总生物量>叶>根>茎,雄株受影响顺序为花>茎>叶>总生物量>根;雄株茎、叶、花含水量显著高于雌株(P<0.05),根含水量在性别间和群落间差异较小,雌株构件含水量受群落类型影响顺序为花>茎>叶>根,雄株为叶>茎>花>根。雄株中MDA含量高于雌株,雌株中H₂O₂含量及T-AOC活性大于雄株(P<0.05),群落组成对雌、雄株中H₂O₂和MDA含量及T-AOC活性有极显著影响(P<0.01)。A和B中H₂O₂和MDA含量最低,E中H₂O₂和MDA达最大值,而T-AOC活性最低。雌、雄个体均能依据群落生境调整生长策略,通过构件性状、生物量配比、水分分配和抗性生理等适应性变化,使种群具有与生境匹配的种群特征,利于提高种群适合度和生活史完成。     

海河平原区棉花饲用黑麦复种方式及水肥利用效率分析

2011年10月-2014年10月连续3年在河北省任县安排了定位试验,通过饲用黑麦不同播期与棉花构建几种棉草复种茬口搭配方式,从产量、经济效益、水分利用效率和养分利用效率以及对土壤肥力影响等方面综合分析棉花饲用黑麦复种的可行性及复种方式。结果表明,棉花可与饲用黑麦复种,为降低饲用黑麦对棉花的影响,饲用黑麦可适当推迟到10月20日播种,次年4月底收获,效益可提高5470.1元·hm^-2。棉花饲用黑麦复种与棉花单作相比,平均水分利用率提高16.49%;水分经济利用效率提高56.54%;并且土壤有机质平均增长幅度提高5.71%,土壤含盐量平均降低幅度达到23.72%,土壤改良效果明显;是适用于该区域的高效复种模式。