A Comparison of the Effects of Objective and Perceived Land Use on Travel Behavior

Planning and medical studies have independently evaluated the effects of land use on travel behavior. Focusing on actual land use, planning studies have measured the impacts of land use. This study analyzes the effects of two land use factors—objective and perceived land use. It develops a structural equation model in which the land use factors have multiple relationships with travel behavior, and then modifies the model to consider different travel behaviors reflecting varying travel purposes: commuting, shopping, and leisure. The three purpose‐specific models are tested in Seoul, Korea, using recent geographic information system and travel survey data. The results indicate that the strongest variable is the same as reported in planning, but at the factor level, the relative strengths of the factors differ according to travel purposes. The findings are explained by qualitative aspects of land use that affect shopping and leisure travel, including perceived land use.     

Environmental Protection and Impact on Adjacent Economies: Evidence from the Swedish Mountain Region

The study presented here considers the effects of protected land on neighboring local economies, based on a panel data analysis of its influence on economic growth, net migration, and employment in the forest and tourism sectors in 15 municipalities in northwestern Sweden from 1985 to 2001. The main findings are that increases in the area of protected land in this region seem to have promoted slight increases in per capita income growth and net migration, slight reductions in employment in the forest sector, and possible increases (not significant at the 5 percent probability level) in employment in the tourism sector. In addition, there are indications of conditional divergence in the Swedish mountain region, implying that small economies grow more slowly here than larger economies.     

Bilateral Calcaneal Epiphysiolysis in a Dog

Ununited epiphyses were seen in the calcanei of a 13-month-old Rottweiler with abnormal rear limb conformation. Histologic examination of the tissues showed a nonunion with neoarthrosis formation. Surgical management included use of tension band and lag screw techniques to achieve epiphysiodesis that was radiographically evident 12 weeks postsurgery. There was no sign of lameness when examined 8 months after surgery. Similarities exist between this case and that of osteochondrosis in other domestic species, and with Osgood-Schlatters disease in humans. Osteochondrosis and/or abnormal angulation of the hocks were suspected as the underlying cause of the epiphyseal separations.     

Rare earth intensifying screens in veterinary radiology

Radiation dose to personnel and low capacity X–ray equipment are obstacles to the optimal use of veterinary radiology. In order to find means to lower radiation dose and improve the quality of the radiographic image in veterinary radiology the authors have tested the so–called rare earth intensifying screens under experimental and clinical conditions. Of the basis of their findings they recommend the use of predominantly green light–emitting screen with lanthanum oxysulphide crystals activated with terbium, in combination with orthochromatic film. This combination was shown to give the best ratio image–screen noise. Considerable dose reduction was obtained with this system, and the image quality improved due to less blurring by motion.