甜椒栽培实用技术指南

为实现甜椒丰产、优质、高效、安全的生产目标,促进世界辣椒产业发展,本文从甜椒对气候与土壤的要求,到栽培中品种选择、种子处理、育苗、移栽、施肥、田间准备和采收,提出了甜椒栽培技术指南。并列举了常见甜椒生产中的主要病虫害,提出了综合性防治措施。     

Management of Anomala cupripes and A. expansa in soybean by using a trap cultivar in Taiwan

Abstract

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to study the preference of two scarabaeid beetles, Anomala cupripes Hope and A. expansa Bates, for soybean plants at various growth stages and the potential use of a trap cultivar to control these pests. Insects preferred to feed on 6–9‐week‐old plants compared to younger ones. This may be due to more foliage on the older plants, which is a source of food and a shelter for the insect from direct sunlight. Planting a cultivar with more foliage as a trap cultivar between rows of the agronomic cultivar attracted the beetles and reduced the infestation of the agronomic cultivar. The optimum distance to plant such a trap cultivar between rows of agronomic cultivar needs to be determined for each location.     

大豆含水量对绿豆象产卵和羽化的影响*

 通过绿豆象自由选择和无选择大豆种子两组试验,研究了绿豆象产卵量、羽化数量及羽化率等生物学特性与大豆种子含水量的关系。在自由选择试验中,大豆含水量从6.5%上升到12.5%,绿豆象在大豆上的产卵量从85.00粒增加到352.75粒,羽化成虫数从14.75头增加到230.00头,羽化率从17.34%上升到65.15%;在无选择试验中,大豆含水量从6.5%到12.5%,绿豆象在大豆上的产卵量从117.50粒增加到到310.00粒,羽化成虫数从1950头增加到198.00头,羽化率从16.78%上升到63.83%。试验数据显示随着大豆种子含水量的增加,绿豆象产卵量、成虫羽化的数量以及羽化率都在增加,绿豆象更喜欢在含水量大的大豆种子上产卵。     

大豆含水量对绿豆象产卵和羽化的影响

通过绿豆象自由选择和无选择大豆种子两组试验,研究了绿豆象产卵量、羽化数量及羽化率等生物学特性与大豆种子含水量的关系。在自由选择试验中,大豆含水量从6.5%上升到12.5%,绿豆象在大豆上的产卵量从85.00粒增加到352.75粒,羽化成虫数从14.75头增加到230.00头,羽化率从17.34%上升到65.15%;在无选择试验中,大豆含水量从6.5%到12.5%,绿豆象在大豆上的产卵量从117.50粒增加到到310.00粒,羽化成虫数从19.50头增加到198.00头,羽化率从16.78%上升到63.83%。试验数据显示随着大豆种子含水量的增加,绿豆象产卵量、成虫羽化的数量以及羽化率都在增加,绿豆象更喜欢在含水量大的大豆种子上产卵。     

Identification of resistant sources and DNA markers linked to genomic region conferring dry root rot resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

A set of 520 chickpea germplasm lines was screened under laboratory conditions using blotter paper technique for reaction to dry root rot caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler. The lines PG06102, BG2094 and IC552137 were identified as resistant for dry root rot. Phenotyping the mapping population consisting of 129 F_2:3 progeny derived from the cross L550 × PG06102 during 2013 winter indicated monogenic inheritance of dry root rot resistance. Fifty‐two of 381 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers polymorphic between the two parents were used to genotype F₂ resistant and susceptible bulks prepared on the basis of reaction of F_2:3 progeny. Four markers differentiated the resistant and susceptible bulks. All the four polymorphic markers were then assayed on the entire F₂ population. Linkage analysis using 129 F₂ plants revealed that two markers ICCM0299 and ICCM0120b were co‐segregating with resistance to dry root rot. These two markers appeared to have additive effects on resistance and could be potentially utilized in dry root resistance breeding programme.     

绿豆象在不同豆类上的生长发育及产卵选择性研究*

 在室内25℃恒温条件下,饲养观察了绿豆象［Callosobruchus chinensis（Linn）］对不同豆种的产卵选择性、产卵量、卵的孵化率、幼虫和成虫的生长发育历期。结果表明,供试的17种豆粒上绿豆象的着卵率均达80％以上,且不同豆种粒上产卵量差异显著（P＜0.01）,卵在不同豆种上的孵化率间也存在显著差异（P＜0.05）,卵孵化后,幼虫仅在蚕豆、绿豆、红皮豇豆、豌豆、黑豆、红小豆、大豆上可蛀入危害,蛀孔数分别为3.00±0.25,2.00±0.18,3.50±0.09,2.50±0.21,4.50±0.10,2.00±0.22,2.50±0.17蛀孔/豆,差异显著（P＜0.05）。在蚕豆、绿豆、红小豆、红皮豇豆、黑豆、大豆粒上的世代存活率分别为(0.63±0.12)%,(54.84±0.09)%,(44.40±0.08)%,(46.33±0.11)%,(66.88±0.10)%,(45.71±0.11)%,(21.59±0.21)%;雌虫的产卵期分别为(4.24±1.58)d,(5.10±0.22)d,(5.40±0.26)d,(5.21±1.25)d,(5.30±0.38)d,(4.63±0.41)d和(4.30±0.80)d,差异不显著（P＞0.05）,卵历期分别为(5.01±0.15)d,(4.30±0.05)d,(4.10±0.08)d,(5.10±0.18)d,(4.30±0.07)d,(4.20±0.14)d及(4.51±0.16)d,差异不显著（P＞0.05）;幼虫的平均历期分别为(33.40±4.85)d,(31.60±1.78)d,(28.22±3.56)d,(30.91±2.49)d,(27.30±1.98)d,(29.50±1.93)d及(36.70±4.97)d,差异显著（P＜0.05）。不同豆种上绿豆象雄虫寿命间差异不显著（P＞0.05）,而雌虫寿命差异显著（P＞0.05）。     

绿豆象在不同豆类上的生长发育及产卵选择性研究

在室内25℃恒温条件下,饲养观察了绿豆象[Callosobruchus chinensis(Linn.)]对不同豆种的产卵选择性、产卵量、卵的孵化率、幼虫和成虫的生长发育历期。结果表明,供试的17种豆粒上绿豆象的着卵率均达80%以上,且不同豆种粒上产卵量差异显著(P0.01),卵在不同豆种上的孵化率间也存在显著差异(P0.05),卵孵化后,幼虫仅在蚕豆、绿豆、红皮豇豆、豌豆、黑豆、红小豆、大豆上可蛀入危害,蛀孔数分别为3.00±0.25,2.00±0.18,3.50±0.09,2.50±0.21,4.50±0.10,2.00±0.22,2.50±0.17蛀孔/豆,差异显著(P0.05)。在蚕豆、绿豆、红小豆、红皮豇豆、黑豆、大豆粒上的世代存活率分别为(0.63±0.12)%,(54.84±0.09)%,(44.40±0.08)%,(46.33±0.11)%,(66.88±0.10)%,(45.71±0.11)%,(21.59±0.21)%;雌虫的产卵期分别为(4.24±1.58)d,(5.10±0.22)d,(5.40±0.26)d,(5.21±1.25)d,(5.30±0.38)d,(4.63±0.41)d和(4.30±0.80)d,差异不显著(P0.05),卵历期分别为(5.01±0.15)d,(4.30±0.05)d,(4.10±0.08)d,(5.10±0.18)d,(4.30±0.07)d,(4.20±0.14)d及(4.51±0.16)d,差异不显著(P0.05);幼虫的平均历期分别为(33.40±4.85)d,(31.60±1.78)d,(28.22±3.56)d,(30.91±2.49)d,(27.30±1.98)d,(29.50±1.93)d及(36.70±4.97)d,差异显著(P0.05)。不同豆种上绿豆象雄虫寿命间差异不显著(P0.05),而雌虫寿命差异显著(P0.05)。     

Characteristics of infestation of sweet potato by sweet potato weevil Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Apionidae)

Studies were conducted to examine the characteristics of infestation of vines of sweet potato plants by the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (F.). The use of terminal tender vine cuttings, taken even from heavily weevil‐infested sweet potato, to grow a new crop and planting such a crop in plots surrounded by barriers to reduce weevil migration from the outside to the newly planted area, produced a practically weevil‐free crop. On the contrary, crop planted to old vine cuttings in an open field was severely damaged by the weevil. Consequently, crop planted using tender vine cuttings produced significantly more root yield than the one planted to old vine cuttings, irrespective of whether the planting was done in an open field or in an insect‐protected field. Sweet potato weevil infestation of 1‐ to 8‐week‐old plants increased significantly with plant age. The insect preferred sweet potato roots over sweet potato vines when both plant parts were available for infestation. Dipping the vine cuttings for 30 min in carbofuran solution prior to planting protected the newly planted sweet potato crop for up to 6 weeks after planting.