早籼型水稻温敏核不育系M103S的选育与光温反应特性

以温敏核不育水稻安农S—1为母本，以常规高产早籼稻品系92153为父本进行杂交，通过低温选择和人工气候箱鉴定，育成了育性转换临界温度23—24℃的早籼型温敏核不育系M103S。光周期长于12．5h，日平均温度高于24℃，可以用于制种，日平均温度低于23℃，可以用于繁殖。光周期长于13．5h，日平均温度高于23℃，可以用于制种。自然条件下不育起点温度为日均温23—24℃，耐低温期为3—4d。敏感期为抽穗前的7—14d。播始历期为53—79d，主茎叶片数10．0—12．6片。从播种到始穗的活动积温和有效积温，分别为1493．8—1766．3℃和733．4—1058．3℃。不育期的株高63．6—77．5cm，平均72．0cm，单株有效穗6．4—12．0个，平均9．3个，穗长20．9—22．7cm，平均21．2cm，每穗颖花数112．1—137．3朵，平均122．3朵。可育期株高65．7cm，单株有效穗7．2个，穗长17．2cm，每穗总粒数114．1粒，结实率47．23％，千粒重31．34g。以M103S为母本，与100多个早籼品种进行测配，杂种表现生育期早、穗大、粒多、千粒重高。     

鄱阳湖区反嘴鹬种群数量动态与空间分布格局

2002—2015年,采用同步调查法对鄱阳湖区反嘴鹬(Recurvirostra avosetta)越冬种群数量动态与空间分布格局进行了监测。结果表明:鄱阳湖区分布有稳定的反嘴鹬越冬种群,年平均数量为(16684±14653)只,2004年、2005年、2013年种群数量均超过目前其全球数量的10%,2004年冬季鄱阳湖区越冬反嘴鹬数量达到最大值,为47520只。鄱阳湖区共有70个湖泊记录到反嘴鹬,其中反嘴鹬种群数量达到全球1%以上的湖泊有20个。每年冬季鄱阳湖区反嘴鹬集中分布在常湖、蚌湖、花庙湖和下坝湖,而反嘴鹬利用频次最高的是大湖池,每年反嘴鹬的越冬数量为(1819±1593)只。各湖泊中反嘴鹬的年平均数量与利用频次之间不存在显著相关性。自然保护区涵盖了反嘴鹬在鄱阳湖越冬的主要湖泊,分布在保护区内的反嘴鹬种群占鄱阳湖区越冬总数量的(75.3±26.0)%,但仍有很多重要的湖泊没有被纳入到保护区范围。反嘴鹬对保护区内湖泊的利用频次与保护区外湖泊的利用频次不存在显著性差异,保护区内反嘴鹬的种群数量显著大于保护区外。     

Food consumption patterns in an adult urban population in Beirut, Lebanon

OBJECTIVES: To investigate, measure and assess the food consumption pattern of the adult population living in Beirut, Lebanon, and to identify inadequate or excessive intake of food groups particularly linked to non-communicable diseases. DESIGN: A cross-sectional food consumption survey was conducted in 2001. Dietary habits were assessed by means of a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. SETTING: Dietary survey of the urban population (Beirut). SUBJECTS: Random sample of 444 adult subjects (aged 25-54 years) in Beirut. RESULTS: The mean consumption of food by the study population was estimated to be 3,030 g day(-1), providing an energy intake of 2,523.57 kcal day(-1). Fat contributed 38.9% to the average daily energy intake, protein 13.4% and carbohydrates 47.2%. Mean consumption of fruits and vegetables was approximately 367 g day(-1) and 45.3% of subjects consumed less than the recommended 400 g daily. Cereals contributed 324.5 g day(-1), providing 35.0% of daily energy intake, with bread being the most highly consumed (146.2 g day(-1)) in this food group. The mean intake of meat and poultry products was 91.7 g day(-1) and provided 8.8% of daily energy intake, with consumption of butchery products especially beef being the highest (47.6 g day(-1)) followed by poultry (36.1 g day(-1)). A low consumption of fish was noted (19.7 g day(-1)), with 73.6% of subjects consuming less than the recommended 2 servings of fish per week. Dairy products contributed 243.1 g day(-1) or 10.9% of daily energy intake, and milk was the least consumed dairy product (56.8% of consumers). The intake of added fats and oils, excluding those in cooked recipes, was 20.4 g day(-1); olive oil was not used in cooking but was added solely at the table and its mean intake was 5 g day(-1). The consumption of butter was low (0.86 g day(-1)) and vegetable oil was the type of fat mostly used in cooking. The average intake of alcoholic beverages was low (33.6 g day(-1)), accounting for 0.7% of total energy intake. Women had significantly higher intakes of milk, dairy products, vegetables and coffee than men (P < 0.05). The percentage of women who reported the use of low-fat items was significantly higher than that of men. Younger people (25-34 years) ate significantly more meat, sugar, alcoholic beverages and soft drinks, and consumed significantly less cooked vegetables and legumes, than older ones (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The rather high contribution of fat to daily energy intake, the low intake of fish and the relatively high percentage of people consuming less than the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables observed in this study suggest that the adult Lebanese population is at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and other non-communicable diseases, which provides the basis for recommending increased intakes of fish, particularly fatty fish, and fruits and vegetables.     

逆向云在垩白识别中的应

在云理论的基础上提出了一种无需人工干预的垩白识别方法.在此方法中,把垩白与非垩白定义为两个定性概念,以一个不对称云和一个对称云来表达垩白与非垩白,以两组数字特征分别描述垩白云与非垩白云.首先,利用动态阈值算法获得训练样本,然后设计逆向云发生器实现定量到定性的转换,最后根据两个云的隶属度函数,用极大值判定法来实现垩白区与非垩白区的分离.试验结果表明,云分类法分类精度高于传统的硬分类法.     

植物组培苗培养技术数据库查询系统的构建

当前,植物组织培养研究工作从组培苗种类到研究成果日益增加和提高,为增强其研究成果的生产力转换效率,增加农业企业信息需求,满足农业生产的需要,笔者采用计算机网络编程技术,应用ASP语言,设计完成了包含组培苗全套培养信息的培养技术数据库,编写了技术数据库检索查询系统,该系统实现了植物组培苗技术的集中与网上资源共享,为植物组培科研工作者提供了丰富的研究信息,也为企业增加了农业生产创新途径,同时更有效地加强了高水平组培技术和优良组培苗的推广及应用于农业生产。     

五指山猪近交系群体中DRA和DRB基因的SSCP检测

为确定五指山猪(WZSP)近交系群体SLA!ⅡDRA、DRB基因的等位基因数及其特性,利用PCR扩增SLA!ⅡDRA、DRB基因的第2外显子序列,经单链构象多态性即SSCP检测其等位基因数,选择纯合子个体的PCR产物直接测序。对所获得的序列与Genbank中所有相应的序列进行比对和聚类分析,特别是SLA!DRB!C、SLA!DRB!D、HLA!DRB*09012、HLA!DRB*1201、HLA!DRA*0101等位基因。结果表明:在WZSP近交系群体中,DRA、DRB各有2个等位基因且发现1个DRB新等位基因。DRA第2外显子有很强的保守性,而DRB基因呈现出高度的多态性,在核苷酸水平同源性为85%以上,氨基酸水平同源性为70%以上。该试验成功地检测了WZSP近交系SLA!DRA、DRB基因的等位基因及其特性,为建立WZSPSLA!DR基因抗原的分子分型及特异单倍型猪的培育研究奠定基础。     

LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling mediates alcohol-induced liver fibrosis in rats

Liver fibrosis results from liver inflammation and progresses to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. It is known that nonalcoholic liver disease is mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2)–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate whether alcoholic liver disease is also mediated by this pathway. To this end, we first established rat models of liver fibrosis by administering alcohol. Next, the rats were injected with anti-TLR4 and anti-MD-2 antibodies. Real Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the activation of the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Moreover, the expression of molecules related to liver fibrosis was estimated. The morphology of rat liver tissue was observed through hematoxylin–eosin staining and Masson staining. For in vitro studies, Kupffer cells (KCs) isolated from the liver were transfected with si-TLR4 and si-MD-2 and co-cultured with HSCs to determine the activity of HSCs. It was found that alcohol treatment activated the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and upregulated the molecules associated with liver fibrosis. However, inhibition of TLR4 and MD-2 partially reversed this trend. Notably, in vitro studies indicated that knockdown of TLR4 and MD-2 in KCs partially inhibited LPS-induced activation of KCs and HSCs. Overall, this study showed that alcohol induces liver fibrosis via the LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway.     

江淮地区双低油菜"油蔬两用"高产栽培技术初探

以江淮地区推广的皖油18、中油杂10号、中双8号3个优质油菜品种为材料,设计播期和密度试验,研究了品种、播期、密度及其交互效应对优质油菜菜薹、菜籽产量与经济效益的影响.结果表明(1)播期对菜薹产量影响不显著,品种×密度、播期×密度、品种×播期×密度互作效应不显著,品种、密度对菜薹产量有极显著影响.(2)密度对菜籽产量影响不显著,品种×播期、品种×密度、品种×播期×密度互作效应不显著,品种、播期对菜籽产量有极显著影响.(3)综合评价以中油杂10号、8月28日播种、密度1.2x105株/hm2时产值最高,经济效益最好.     

中国木兰科单性木兰属的木材解剖

单性木兰木材解剖特征为:散孔材;管孔数目少;单管孔占优势。导管分子侧壁具螺纹加厚;底壁梯状穿孔,横隔条数多。木射线较少;射线组织异形Ⅱ型及Ⅲ型为主;无油细胞及结晶体。轴向薄壁组织轮界状,稀疏傍管型偶见。木材构造与近缘的木兰属有较大差别。     

交错叶片对三通道蜗壳离心泵水动力性能的影响

为改善筒袋泵水动力性能,基于SST k-ω湍流模型,对立式筒袋泵首级叶轮进行三维非定常数值模拟,采用时-频域数据处理法,对各个监测点的压力脉动进行分析,主要研究了同一叶轮模型下蜗壳不同截面的压力脉动情况及不同交错角对离心泵内压力脉动和径向力的影响。结果表明:在三隔舌三通道蜗壳内,每隔120°压力脉动情况相似;随着交错角度的增加,距离隔舌较近且顺着叶片旋转方向的监测点压力脉动下降最多,压力脉动标准差下降了85%以上;叶轮所受径向力最多下降了60%;叶片交错后液体在轴向方向上会更容易产生流动,导致流动损失但有助于平稳蜗壳内的压力。综上所述,采用交错叶片有助于提高筒袋泵水动力性能。该研究为交错叶片结构在筒袋泵中的应用提供了参考。