Experiment Research on Leachate Treatment of Sanitary Landfill for Municipal Solid Waste

It is difficult to treat landfill leachate in China.Traditional biologic method and physical method always have high expenses,or cann''t reach the discharge standards.The authors use a new biologic method to treat landfill leachate,which is the Wood_microbial System from Japan.The system to be digested by 3 aeration tanks and 1 reaction tank.The comparison combine processed wool_dust broken pieces with the certain grain degree size were throw in the tanks.Dirty and organic matter are in the digest tanks through the aeration reaction and aneration reaction repeatedly.In this experiment the speed of wastewater discharge and oxygen supply has been changed, and the change of biologic system and the effect of pollutant are removed. The optimal treatment condition can be found.The experiment shows that the system has a good result,special for nitrogenous.The BOD is average to do away with the rate to amount to 90%,almost reach the second class or third class for leachate standard.But BOD loading should be not beyond 4 kg/(m 3.d),othrwise,the system will not operate in normally.     

种植密度对雪茄烟膜脂过氧化特性及烟叶质量的影响

为探究不同种植密度对雪茄烟叶生理生化特性和品质的影响,确定四川雪茄烟适宜的种植密度,以德雪一号为供试材料,测定了成熟期田间微气候、烟叶膜脂过氧化程度、抗氧化酶活性和烟叶产质量等指标。结果表明,随着种植密度的增大,烟田温湿度增大,烟叶所受光照强度降低。成熟期温度与烟叶膜脂过氧化程度呈显著正相关关系,相关系数在0.52~0.85之间。同一时期内烟叶丙二醛（MDA）含量随种植密度增大呈先降后升趋势,抗氧化酶活性呈先升后降趋势。种植密度为21 000株/hm²时抗氧化酶活性最高,过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性在打顶后28d达到最高,分别为61.6U/(gFW·min)和123.0U/(mg·min),超氧化物歧化酶活性在打顶后21d达到最高,为755.8U/g,打顶后35d MDA含量为25.3mmol/g,膜脂过氧化程度最低。调制后烟叶总糖含量增至1.86%,烟碱含量为3.02%,钾氯比高达9.21,化学成分较为协调,感官评吸得分最高,烟叶产值与茄衣烟比例较常规种植密度24 000株/hm²分别提升了0.9万元/hm²和7%。综上所述,21 000株/hm²为四川省雪茄烟适宜的种植密度。     

73例桥小脑角区巨大肿瘤的诊治分析

目的：总结桥小脑角区巨大肿瘤的诊治经验。方法：对我科73例桥小脑角区巨大肿瘤的发病率、临床和影像学表现、定位与定性诊断、手术治疗及随访期心理治疗等作分析。结果：本组73例桥小脑角巨大肿瘤(均≥4cm)中，属神经鞘瘤50例(68．5％)、脑膜瘤19例(26．0％)与胆脂瘤4例(5．5％)。临床特点：73例均有所神经、小脑损害的症状与体征及颅内高压征。73例中手术全切除者60例、次全切除l3例(其中10例残留肿瘤，结合枷码刀治疗)。全切除组中2例死于肺部感染，次全切除组中3例放弃治疗，余者随访3—5a，无复发。在颅神经损伤所致并发症的56例中，出现心身疾病须心理治疗者40例(71．4％)。结论：临床特点结合影像学检查可作出早期定位与定性诊断．并有助于手术设计。提高疗效的关键是早诊断、早治疗以及娴熟的显微操作技术。手术结合枷码刀以及心理治疗可改善预后、提高生存质量。     

Analysis on the Disposal of the Industrial Solid Waste in the Three Gorges Region

The second step of water storage for Three Gorges Reservoir will be executed in Jue,2003. Because there is still a large quantity of industrial solid waste(ISW) dumped on the reservoir bottom where should be cleaned before water storage and wastes should be disposed. After a full investigation and analyze, the total amount of ISW in the Chongqing reservoir area is about 1.66 million tons. According the principles of safe, economical and reliable, this paper describes the ISW's treatment. The ordinary ISW which is harmless and non toxic after identification should be treated on-site, the ISW that exceeds the national standards should be removed and be disposed in the landfill, and the hazardous waste should be removed for disposition or storage.     

Feasibility test of HBH Ⅱ compound microorganism on the reduction of septic tank nightsoil sludge 

The paper selects septic tank nightsoil sludge as the study object, and conducts three treatments for nightsoil sludge anaerobic digestion reduction under 35 ℃ including CK treatment(without HBH II compound microorganism), T1 treatment(adding 0.005% HBH II compound microorganism in the original nightsoil sludge system) and T2 treatment(adding 0.005% HBH II compound microorganism after the nightsoil sludge was sterilized by pasteurism). It investigates the removal rate of total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS) and COD of the three treatments, and analyzes the main contents of nightsoil sludge before and after anaerobic digestion and the digestion efficiencies of them. The results indicate that the removal rates of TS, VS and COD of T1 are 46.03%, 49.96% and 47.06%, respectively, and there are 14.89%, 16.26% and 15.53% higher than CK, 6.63%, 8.02% and 11.90% higher than T2, respectively. There are significantly positive (p<0.01) relations between T1 and CK, and T1 and T2 in the removal rate of TS, VS and COD. The nightsoil sludge digestion efficiencies of CK, T1 and T2 are 34.69%, 51.09% and 43.05%, respectively and that of T1 significantly positive(p<0.01) differs from CK and T1 treatment. The results indicate that the corporate effect of the adding HBH II compound microorganism and the original microorganism of the nightsoil sludge system are helpful to the reduction of septic tank nightsoil sludge and it is feasible for directly adding HBH II compound microorganism to septic tank for the reduction of the nightsoil sludge in it.     

A Review on Medical Waste Management and Treatment in Chongqing Three Gorges Region

Medical waste ,belonging to one of top-ronking toxic wastes, should be safely deposed of. The characteristics and harmness of the medical wastes are introduced, and the practical status of medical wastes in Chongqing three gorges region, including waste management and disposal methods, is investigated. Because of the special characteristics of the waste, the paper proposes some measures for managing and separate collection and treatment in the region, including separate collection, sealed transportation, pretreatment, incineration and safe landfill, so that the ecological environment and water resource can be protected from pollution in the Three Gorges region.     

农田重金属土壤健康钝化技术研究及应用趋势

受农用品投入、固体废弃物堆放、污水农灌及大气沉降等因素影响,导致农田土壤退化、农产品安全等问题愈发严峻,重金属污染通过食物链严重威胁人体健康,成为中国农业环境领域亟待解决的关键问题之一。针对中国农田重金属污染现状,从有机、无机钝化材料、土壤钝化健康技术出发,对农田土壤重金属污染健康修复技术进行深入梳理、分析,提出目前农田重金属土壤修复中存在的主要关键瓶颈问题,从有机、无机联合钝化、绿色农产品投入、土壤质量健康提升等方面进行展望发展趋势,为土壤重金属逆境的生态治理、农田废弃物循环利用及土壤健康可持续发展提供理论及技术依据。     

锌锰组合对盐藻生长和蛋白质、β－胡萝卜素积累的影响

为了探索培养盐藻的微量元素条件,实验研究了微量元素锌、锰的不同浓度组合对盐藻细胞生长与物质积累的影响。结果表明,培养液中适当锌锰浓度的组合对盐藻细胞的生长和物质积累有促进作用,而锌锰浓度过高或过低则都是相对不利的。在试验的9种锌锰浓度组合中,以培养液中6mg/L的锌和4mg/L的锰浓度组合对盐藻细胞的生长和物质积累促进作用最好,它可使培养液中的盐藻细胞密度、蛋白质积累量和β-胡萝卜素积累量都达到最高。培养液中8mg/L的锌和6mg/L的锰浓度组合可使单个盐藻细胞中β-胡萝卜素和蛋白质积累量都最高,但可能仅是在锌、锰过多的逆境条件下,盐藻细胞的适应性反应。     

高光谱评价植被叶绿素含量的研究进展

重点介绍利用便携式光谱仪获得的高光谱数据在评价植被叶绿素含量的研究状况。从叶绿素的光谱特性入手。通过和传统宽波段对比阐述高光谱数据在评价植被叶绿素中的特点。在此基础上简要介绍了高光谱遥感数据估计植被叶绿素含量两种方法的研究进展。一是利用光谱数据。植被指数，导数光谱评价植被叶绿素密度或浓度。二是利用红边光学参数评价植被叶绿素密度或浓度，并分析了研究中可能存在的问题。     

农业信息的资源建设与“最后一公里”问题相关性研究

目前,"三农"领域的"最后一公里"问题受到社会各方面的广泛关注。吉林省是我国农业大省,对"最后一公里"问题也格外关注。根据对吉林省三农信息化服务状况进行抽样调查,同时深入到农民中进行访谈,对吉林省农业"最后一公里"问题进行了详细的分析,进而探讨了农业信息的资源建设状况与"最后一公里"问题解决的相关性。对消除"最后一公里"问题提出了合理的建议,即建立以农民为主体——政府为主导体系的信息资源、加大对信息资源的整合力度、降低农民获取信息资源的费用。