排序方式: 共有20条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
1.
This study aims to investigate the impact of rice-husk power generation on agricultural uses of rice husk and its ash. We
conducted case studies at a rice-husk power plant and organic farming groups in northeast Thailand. The case study on a rice-husk
power plant showed that rice husk was useful in generating electricity without consuming fossil fuel, while husk ash, the
by-product, could be utilized as silicate supplement for farmland soils. The case study on organic farming groups indicated
that rice husk was one of the indispensable materials in conducting organic farming with locally available resources. On the
basis of these findings, an analytical study on possible husk uses in Thailand was conducted, in which three potential major
uses of rice husk were considered: i.e. (1) fuel use inside rice mills followed by husk-ash reuse, (2) fuel use at power plants
followed by husk-ash reuse, and (3) direct reuse of husk for compost production. The result indicated that there would be
conflicting demands for rice husk among those uses in the future. Therefore, there needs to be a strategy for balancing husk
uses among them. 相似文献
2.
Bioethanol production from rice-straw is carbon neutral and less competitive with food supplies, so it provides great possibilities for resolving global issues. This study aims to conduct economic and environmental evaluations on rice-straw bioethanol production in Vietnam, where huge amounts of unused rice-straw are available, by a top–down life-cycle assessment by means of an input–output table. The economic impacts are evaluated by total costs, total production, and total added value; the environmental impacts are assessed by greenhouse gas emissions with consideration of life-cycle, i.e., the plant construction phase, production phase, and plant scrapping phase. Three technology scenarios are assumed: (1) present technology, (2) advanced technology with higher conversion rates, and (3) innovative technology with a new production method and economies of scale. The results demonstrate that, first, rice-straw bioethanol production can reduce annual gasoline consumption by more than 20 %, and plant construction costs account for 8–22 % of the total investment in Vietnam. Second, under the present technology, both economic and environmental net benefits are negative. However, the innovative technology makes both benefits positive. Third, under the advanced technology, the environmental net benefit is positive, while the economic net benefit is negative. This implies that satisfying economic viability is more difficult than attaining environmental viability in rice-straw bioethanol production. Therefore, technological development and transfer are necessary to make rice-straw bioethanol production feasible. 相似文献
3.
Yoji Kunimitsu 《Paddy and Water Environment》2009,7(3):177-185
For efficient use of water as a limited resource, evaluation on the water value is critical, but there is little information
in Asian paddy irrigation. This paper proposes the method for measuring implicit price of paddy irrigation water by using
the choice experiment (CE) data with contingent scenarios. Empirical results demonstrated that (a) the estimated implicit
price of water showed reasonable value as compared to the production indexes, (b) the random parameter multinomial logit model
was more suitable than the conventional multinomial logit model to treat the CE data, and (c) the implicit price is much lower
than the full cost price, indicating that full cost pricing probably damages and ruins rice production too seriously in Japan.
As seen above, the method proposed here is useful for decision making on water pricing policies and easy to apply to different
irrigation systems under limited data of water value.
相似文献
Yoji KunimitsuEmail: |
4.
Nucleoside by‐product dietary supplementation influences blood chemistry,immune response,oxidative stress resistance and intestinal morphology of juvenile amberjack,Seriola dumerili
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Aquaculture Nutrition》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
M.S. Hossain S. Koshio M. Ishikawa S. Yokoyama N.M. SONY T. Fujieda 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(6):1390-1400
We explored the influence of nucleoside by‐products (NBP) on blood chemistry, immune response, oxidative stress and intestinal morphology of Seriola dumerili. Four experimental diets were formulated where diets 1–3 are semipurified and supplemented with liquid NBP at concentration of 0 (D1, negative control), 30 (D2) and 90 (D3) g/kg. Diet 4 (D4) is a fishmeal‐based positive control diet. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish for 50 days. The results revealed a significant influence of NBP supplementations on total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen and triglyceride level. Lysozyme activity (LA), total serum protein (TSP) and peroxidase activity (PA) also increased with NBP supplementation as compared to the negative control. TSP, PA and LA were numerically higher in diet groups D2 and D4, respectively. Anterior enterocyte height (hE) was higher in diet group D4, while NBP‐supplemented groups showed intermediate values with D1 group and negative control group showed significantly lowest value. Supplementation of NBP also increased anterior fold height (hF) and microvillus height and posterior hF, hE and microvillus height compared with D1. Finally, we concluded that NBP can be used as a cheaper nucleotide/nucleoside source for amberjack. Supplementation of more than 30 g/kg in diets improved blood chemistry, non‐specific immunity, oxidative stress resistance and intestinal morphology of amberjack. 相似文献
5.
Under global warming, influences of heat stress and flooding on rice production are becoming critical in Japan, but it is still under discussion whether future climate change is beneficial or harmful for Japanese rice production. This study aims to evaluate the impacts of long-term climate change on rice total factor productivity (TFP) by a panel data analysis. We estimate a regression model to link rice TFP to climate factors via yield, quality, and flood influence by using crop models, and then project future TFP levels from the results of the high-resolution model for interdisciplinary research on climate (MIROC). The results demonstrate that climate change has a positive effect in the northern regions, such as Hokkaido and Tohoku, but it decreases rice TFP in other regions, especially in the western regions, after the 2050s. Furthermore, climate change increases fluctuations in rice TFP of the western regions. To overcome negative impacts, a forward shift in the rice transplanting time is effective. Second, the potential impacts of climate factors, shown by the elasticity values of rice TFP, are 0.18 (via yield), 0.09 (via quality), and ?0.03 (via flood influence), but these climate impacts are weaker than socio-economic factors, such as economies of scale and research and development capital stocks. Third, regional gaps in rice TFP are enlarged over time because of different impacts of climate factors as well as socio-economic factors. Such fact-findings can be used to reconsider agricultural policy. 相似文献
6.
7.
Yoji Kunimitsu Ryoji Kudo Toshichika Iizumi Masayuki Yokozawa 《Paddy and Water Environment》2016,14(1):131-144
Rice productivity will be affected by climate conditions not only in own region but also in neighboring regions through technological spillover. Measuring such direct and indirect influence of future climate change is important for policy making. This study analyzes socio-economic and climate factors in rice total factor productivity (TFP) and evaluates technological spillover effects by using the spatial econometric model. To consider geographical situation, we use hydrological model in addition to crop-yield and crop-quality models. Results show that spatial autoregressive tendencies were observed in rice TFP, even though the influences of climate factors were removed. Such spatial dependence brings about synergistic effects among neighboring prefectures in northern Japan and depression effects, like a spatial trap, from neighbors in southern Japan. Substantial impacts of climate change were as high as socio-economic factors but different in degrees by regions. Also, future climate change estimated by the global climate model enlarged fluctuation degree in rice TFP because accumulative or cancel out effects of temperature and precipitation occurred year by year. Therefore, technological development in rice production and provision of precise climate prediction to farmers are important in order to ease and mitigate these influences. 相似文献
8.
Robinson PH Chalupa W Sniffen CJ Julien WE Sato H Fujieda T Ueda T Suzuki H 《Journal of animal science》2000,78(4):1067-1077
Four multiparous late-lactation Holstein cows were fed a basal ration designed to be co-limiting in intestinally absorbable supplies of methionine and lysine. Cows were supplemented with no amino acids, lysine by abomasal infusion to 140% of the calculated intestinally absorbable requirement, methionine by abomasal infusion to 140% of requirement, or both amino acids in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 28-d periods. Unsupplemented cows consumed 23.8 kg/d of dry matter and produced 36.9 kg/d of milk containing 3.70% fat, 3.22% protein, and 4.82% lactose. Cows ate less dry matter and produced less milk and milk lactose, and tended (P = .06 or .08) to produce less milk protein when abomasally infused with methionine alone or together with lysine. Infusion of lysine alone resulted in production values numerically between those of unsupplemented cows and those cows supplemented with methionine alone or together with lysine. Evaluation of the results with two metabolic models of dairy cows indicated that performance of unsupplemented cows may have been limited by delivery of metabolizable or digestible protein, or intestinally absorbable lysine, isoleucine, or histidine, depending on the metabolic model used to evaluate animal performance. Regardless, results are consistent with those using nonruminant species, which have shown that imbalanced profiles of intestinally absorbable amino acids are associated with reduced dry matter intake and animal performance. Results also show that negative effects on performance of lactating dairy cows can occur if methionine is supplied at levels substantially in excess of calculated intestinally absorbable requirements, either alone or together with lysine. 相似文献
9.
Furukawa S Usuda K Fujieda Y Tamura T Miyamoto Y Hayashi K Ikeyama S Goryo M Okada K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2000,62(1):23-28
To examine the effect on cell population in hepatocytes of phenobarbital (PB) and other barbiturates, PB, allobarbital (ALB), barbital sodium (BS) and barbituric acid (BA) were given orally to male rats for 7 consecutive days. Although there was no apparent change in non-promoting BA, hepatomegaly was induced by PB, BS and ALB, which are promoters of hepatocarcinogenesis. In PB- and BS-treated livers, hepatomegaly was attributable to hepatocyte proliferation and enzyme induction. In ALB-treated liver, it was attributable to enzyme induction. The level of cell proliferation was reduced to less than the control values following withdrawal of PB, ALB and BS. It seemed that the degree of suppression of cell proliferation following withdrawal of these compounds correlated to the degree of cell proliferation (PB>BS>ALB) during treatment. In PB-treated liver, apoptosis was induced during treatment, serving to eliminate the excess of hepatocytes. This suggests that short-term administration of PB neither induced suppression of apoptosis nor disturbed homeostasis of hepatocyte populations. 相似文献
10.
Inosine supplementation effectively provokes the growth,immune response,oxidative stress resistance and intestinal morphology of juvenile red sea bream,Pagrus major
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Aquaculture Nutrition》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
M.S. Hossain S. Koshio M. Ishikawa S. Yokoyama N.M. Sony M. Usami S. Ono T. Fujieda 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(5):952-963
A feeding trial was conducted to determine effects of dietary inosine on growth, immune responses, oxidative stress resistance and intestinal morphology of juvenile red sea bream. A semi‐purified basal diet supplemented with 0 (D1, control), 2 g kg?1 (D2), 4 g kg?1 (D3), 6 g kg?1 (D4) and 8 g kg?1 (D5) dietary inosine, respectively, to formulate five experimental diets. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish (initial weight: 8 g). After 50 days of feeding trial, fish fed diets with 4 g kg?1 inosine had the highest (p < .05) final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate. Similarly, improved feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were also found at 4 g kg?1 inosine supplemented group. Some non‐specific immune parameters such as total serum protein, lysozyme activity and bactericidal activity tended to be higher for fish fed diets supplemented with inosine. Peroxidase and catalase activity also influenced (p < .05) by dietary inosine supplementation. Fish fed 2 g kg?1 and 4 g kg?1 inosine supplemented diets showed the least oxidative stress condition. Inosine supplementation significantly increased (p < .05) anterior enterocyte height and posterior fold height, enterocyte height and microvillus height compared with control. We concluded that 4 g kg?1 dietary inosine supplementation effectively provokes growth and health performance of red sea bream by increasing growth, immune response, oxidative stress resistance and intestinal health condition. 相似文献