Dietary selenate versus selenite for cattle, sheep, and horses.

Food and Drug Administration regulations currently permit addition of .3 mg of Se per kilogram of diet for chickens, turkeys, ducks, swine, sheep, and cattle. However, field reports indicate that this level may not be adequate for ruminants in all situations. Because sodium selenite is the most common supplemental form and is known to be readily absorbed to particles or reduced to insoluble elemental Se or selenides in acid, anaerobic environments, studies were conducted with dairy cattle, sheep, and horses fed sodium selenate to determine whether Se from this source was more bioavailable than Se from sodium selenite. A 2-wk period of no Se supplementation was followed by 49 or 56 d of Se supplementation at .3 mg/kg of dietary DM. Serum Se concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activities measured initially and periodically thereafter revealed no difference between Se forms in sheep and horses and only a small (P less than .05) advantage for selenate in supporting serum Se concentration in dairy cattle. Selenium concentrations in skeletal muscle and liver of sheep were not different between Se forms. Serum Se, but not GSHPx, increased with time, and .3 mg of supplemental Se per kilogram of dietary DM from either sodium selenate or sodium selenite supported normal serum Se concentrations in sheep, dairy cattle, and horses.     

RT13型指盘搂草机的设计与研究

针对天然草场产草量低、收集成本高及国外机具价格高这一现状,设计了RT13型指盘搂草机。在介绍搂草机整机结构及工作原理的基础上,对其指盘的运动及指盘平面距离等主要参数进行了设计计算。草场作业试验表明:该搂草机操作简单,形成的草条连续、外形整齐,可有效减少牧草收集时间,从而降低机具燃油消耗及人工成本。该机具各项技术性能指标符合设计要求,满足天然草场的收获要求。     

9BS-2.4苜蓿草种籽播种机的设计研究

针对以紫花苜蓿为代表的豆科牧草种子机械化种植的工艺要求,设计研制了9BS-1.8型苜蓿草种籽播种机。同时,介绍了该机的整体结构、工作原理、技术参数,以及主要部件的设计原理和设计方法。该研究对苜蓿草种籽播种机的研制及相关技术的推广有着指导作用。     

Effect of micronized pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) as a substitute of soybean meal on tissue fatty acid composition and quality of broiler chicken meat

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of micronized pea seeds introduced into feed mixes for broilers on the slaughter yield, blood lipid parameters, content of fatty acids in selected tissues, and meat quality. The studies involved 150 1‐day‐old Ross 308 chicks split into three groups (for 42 days). The feed rations differed in terms of the source of proteins: in the control group (C), it was post‐extraction soybean meal (SBM) 100%; in group I, SBM 50% and micronized peas 50%; and in group II, micronized peas only, 100%. Irradiated pea seeds added to the feed ration for chicks reduced the fattening grade of carcasses (P < 0.05). Additionally, significant improvement of blood lipid indices was recorded. The share of the irradiated pea seeds in feed mixes decreased the share of saturated fatty acids in the muscles and abdominal fat and had a positive effect on the n‐6/n‐3 ratio, hypocholesterolemic / hypercholesterolemic ratio, as well as the atherogenic and thrombogenic indices (P < 0.05).     

GPRS无线数据传送在农情监测系统中的应用

在精准农业的农情监测系统中,要对各种信息(如GPS地理位置信息、土壤信息等)进行传输。为此,利用GPRS模块Q2406B和单片机W77E58,实现农情监测信息在中国移动GPRS网络上的无线传送。该技术使用方便,成本较低,可以稳定地传送数据,有利于大规模监测网络的建立。     

基于地理权重回归模型的土壤有机质空间预测

准确了解土壤有机质的空间分布是合理施肥的重要前提,也是水土流失控制及保护环境的重要基础。利用113个土壤有机质样点数据,以海拔高度、土壤侵蚀强度、土地利用、比值植被指数、样点至河流的欧氏距离、亚铁矿物指数及坡度为参考因子,来尝试利用GWR(Geographically Weighted Regression)模型探索多重因素作用下的土壤有机质空间分布,并通过与普通线性回归(ordinary least squares,OLS)相比较,来了解GWR模型的精度,进而进行了土壤有机质的空间制图,并对其制图效果进行了评价。结果表明,与OLS模型相比,GWR预测模型它能显著降低AIC(Akaike Information Criterion)值,较大程度地提高模型的决定系数,并有效地减少模型的回归残差值。从制图的总体效果看,GWR模型的预测结果与实测值的吻合程度要优于OLS模型。文章还对利用GWR模型进行回归时的样点数量、因子筛选及因子定量化等方面进行了相应的讨论。     

Studying the Effects of Two Various Methods of Composting on the Degradation Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sewage Sludge

The research comprised of studying the effect composting sewage sludge with sawdust and vermicomposting with earthworm Eisenia fetida has on the degradation of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Raw rural sewage sludge prior composting was more contaminated with PAHs than urban sewage sludge, in both cases exceeding EU cutoff limits of 6 mg/kg established for land application. Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DBahAnt), acenaphtylene (Acy) and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene (IPyr) were predominant in rural sewage sludge, whilst the urban sewage sludge contained the highest concentrations of benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbFl), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkFl) and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene (IPyr). Thirty days of composting with sawdust has caused a significant reduction of 16 PAHs on average from 26.07 to 4.01 mg/kg (84.6%). During vermicomposting, total PAH concentration decreased on average from 15.5 to 2.37 mg/kg (84.7%). Vermicomposting caused full degradation of hydrocarbons containing 2 and 6 rings and significant reduction of PAHs with 3 aromatic rings (94.4%) as well as with 5 aromatic rings (83.2%). The lowest rate of degradation (64.4%) was observed for hydrocarbons with 4 aromatic rings such as fluoranthene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene and pyrene. On the other hand, the highest level of degradation was determined for PAHs with 2 rings (100%), 3 rings (88%) and 6 aromatic rings in the molecule (86.9%) after composting with sawdust. Acenaphthene and pyrene were found to be the most resistant to biodegradation during both composting methods.     

农田非结构特征视觉导航研

研究了农田非结构环境下,通过机器视觉提取导航线的处理算法.首先,根据农作物的特点提出了使用聚类的方法检测作业区域终点;其次,为避免噪声干扰,利用移动窗口检测二值图像白色像素的个数,确定导航路径区域;最后,使用改进的Hough变换提取导航线.实验表明,该算法可以准确提取绿色植物的行信息,处理一帧分辨率为320×240像素的彩色图像平均需要57.404ms,正确识别率达99%.     

基于机器视觉的棉种破损检测技术

研究了破损棉种的机器视觉识别方法,采用均值、方差、均方比等统计特性参数,计算棉种边界破损参数.通过实验确定均方比分类阈值为0.58,将棉种分为破损棉种和正常棉种.选取正常棉种330粒、破损棉种110粒,利用该检测系统进行检测,其识别精度达93%.     

芹菜对铁的吸收及铁对其生长和品质的影响

通过调节水培营养液中铁浓度分别为0,0.7,1.4,2.8,5.6,8.4,11.2和14.0.mg/L的8个水平种植4个芹菜品种,研究了不同铁供应水平对芹菜生长和植株铁含量及其品质的影响。结果表明,0.7mg/L浓度下,芹菜生长良好,没有表现缺铁症状,1.4mg/L浓度时,叶片中的铁含量达最大值,2.8mg/L浓度下,芹菜产量,Vc、蛋白质、叶绿素含量较高,硝酸盐含量较低。在各铁供应水平下4个芹菜品种均未出现铁中毒现象。供铁以后,其供应量对芹菜叶中钙、镁含量影响不大;锌含量与营养液中铁浓度呈负相关,铁锌之间表现出离子竞争作用。