不同施氮量下水稻灌浆期氮磷钾的积累与氮素籽粒生产效率

选用10个氮素利用效率不同的粳稻品种,研究在3个氮素处理水平下水稻灌浆期营养物质积累的动态变化及与氮素利用效率的关系.结果表明:鞘叶和茎中氮的含量均以灌浆前期最高,以后逐渐降低,穗都氮素总积累量在整个籽粒灌浆时期均呈增加的趋势,N10、N20处理更有利于促进植株对氮的吸收及含量的提高.施氮后灌浆前期能够促进籽粒中增加磷、钾的积累,后期能加快磷、钾的转移速度.鞘叶和茎秆的氮素积累量与成熟期氮素籽粒生产效率在灌浆后期均呈负相关,鞘叶的NO和N2O处理达到极显著水平,N10处理达到显著水平;3种处理水平下氮素在穗中的分配比率与成熟期氮素籽粒生产效率均达到极显著正相关,氮素在鞘叶和茎秆的分配率与成熟期氮素籽粒生产效率在灌浆后期呈负相关,所有处理中鞘叶部分达到极显著的负相关.     

辽宁杂草稻亚种特性及其与经济性状的关系的研究

为了分析辽宁稻区杂草稻的亚种特性和经济性状及其相互关系,在田间栽培条件下,观察杂草稻的生长情况、亚种特征性状和经济性状;分析了杂草稻亚种特征性状和经济性状的相互关系.结果发现杂草稻程氏指数总体呈连续变异,大部分为粳型和偏粳型,只有极少数为偏籼型或籼型,在亚种属性上并无明显分开的界限,但有偏向粳型的趋势.程氏指数采用的6个亚种特征性状之间并无较多必然联系,它们是相互独立的,从总体上影响到杂草稻的亚种特性.杂草稻穗节长和穗长、株高、芒长都达到极显著关系,籽粒长宽比也和穗长、株高、芒长达到极显著关系,叶毛却和一枝数达到极显著的负相关,程氏指数和抽穗期、穗长、株高等各项经济性状都没有达到显著关系.总体来说杂草稻是一种生物学多样性相当丰富可利用特异稻种遗传资源.     

Comparison of eating quality and seed storage protein among Korean rice landraces

Improving eating quality and nutrition is one of the most important objectives in rice breeding program. Palatability factors and seed protein patterns of 69 Korean rice landraces were compared in this study. Of seven palatability factors, setback viscosity (SBV) had the largest variance, ranging from -144 to 45. Water content (WC) had the lowest variance, ranging from 11.0 to 13.0. In correlation analysis, eating quality was positively correlated with all palatability factors except gelatinization temperature (GT). In principal component analyses (PCA), the first PC with Eigen value of 5.06 explained 42.2% of the total variance. Cool paste viscosity (CPV) was the variable that had the largest positive loading. The second PC with Eigen value of 2.09 explained an additional 17.4% of the total variance. SBV was a variable that had the highest negative loading. Peak viscosity (PKV) had positive variance between PC1 and PC2. The 69 Korean rice landraces were clustered into four groups based on physicochemical properties and palatability factors, with groups I and II showing higher EQ than other groups. SDS-PAGE analyses revealed five seed storage patterns in the 69 Korean rice landraces. Among them, 84% (58 landraces) had pattern I. These results indicate that it is possible to develop high palatability cultivars using Korean rice landraces. In addition, screening of landraces based on variation in seed storage protein profile using SDS-PAGE could be highly effective for the identification of valuable rice genetic resources.     

Selection and Molecular Characterization of Soybeans with High Oleic Acid from Plant Germplasm of Genebank

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Altering soybean fatty acid profiles to improve soybean oil quality has long been time goal of soybean researchers. Soybean oil with elevated oleic acid...     

水稻籽粒不同部位植酸含量及其与稻米品质的相关性

 选用13个不同类型的水稻品种,对其籽粒不同部位植酸含量品种间差异及与稻米主要品质性状间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,供试13个水稻品种米糠、糙米、颖壳、精米的植酸含量平均值分别为48.51、9.77、1.40和0.91 mg/g,而且不同水稻品种间籽粒不同部位的植酸含量存在极显著差异。在籽粒中,米糠中植酸积累最多,其次是精米,颖壳最少。米糠中植酸含量与糙米和颖壳中植酸含量呈极显著正相关。糙米和米糠中植酸含量与稻米蛋白质含量均呈显著的负相关,与千粒重均呈显著正相关。     

Phytochemical distribution and antioxidant activities of Korean adzuki bean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vigna angularis</Emphasis>) landraces

Total polyphenol content (TPC), total phenolic acid content (TPA), and total flavonoid content (TFC) in 209 Korean adzuki bean landraces were determined by colorimetric methods. Antioxidant effects were evaluated with the DPPH, ABTS, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reducing power (RP), and SOD assays. TPC, TPA, and TFC in the 209 Korean adzuki bean landraces ranged from 1.1 to 11.7 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, 0.37 to 5.03 mg caffeic acid equivalents/g, and 0.17 to 0.91 mg quercetin equivalents/g, respectively. Antioxidant activities as assessed by the DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, PR, and SOD assays showed wide variation, ranging from 12.2 to 86.3 (IC₅₀), 0.85 to 5.25 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (ASC)/g, 0.41 to 5.44 mg ASC/g, 0.54 to 1.83 mg ASC/g, and 60.4 to 142.8 (IC₅₀), respectively. Using the relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI), we found that the IT189394 had the highest antioxidant activity. In clustering analysis, 209 Korean adzuki bean landraces were classified into three clusters. Among them, cluster I contained 22 landraces with higher antioxidant activities, TPC, TFC, and TPA and smaller seed sizes than the other clusters. We anticipate that these results will provide useful information for the development of adzuki bean-based functional foods.     

Analysis of population structure and genetic diversity in balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC.) germplasm using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers

Balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC) is widely distributed in South Korea and there are some local landraces that are cultivated as a vegetable crop or medicinal plant. Making use of the gene resources of wild-type and landraces is a way to increase the genetic diversity of the cultivars. However, few tools or information are available on an efficient identification system for maintaining and management of these landraces. To improve the genetic resources for balloon flower, 22 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, also known as microsatellite markers, were evaluated in a collection of 42 balloon flower landraces, 34 of which were from Korea and eight from China. All microsatellite markers produced the 107 alleles ranging from 2 to 10 with a mean of 4.864 alleles per each locus (N_A). The values of observed heterozygosity (H_O) and expected heterozygosity (H_E) ranged from 0.00 to 0.667 (mean of 0.285) and from 0.024 to 0.741 (mean of 0.416), respectively. An average value of polymorphic information contents (PIC) were 0.382 with a range of 0.023 to 0.703. Results of population structure and phylogenetic and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) indicated that P. grandiflorum germplasm formed two largely distinct clusters according to their origins and the genetic differentiation. There was a high level of genotypic diversity at broad geographic regions between Korea and China, but the low genetic differentiation was found within the collections from Korea. The results of the genetic diversity will be useful for the selection of the parents for developing balloon flower breeding and the multi-locus SSR markers developed herein will be a valuable resource for germplasm assessments, evaluation of genetic diversity, and population genetic studies of balloon flower.