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Saharan maize had been adapted to extreme conditions and could have developed resistance to different stresses. However, genebanks and breeding collections have poor representation from Saharan germplasm and, particularly, from Algeria. This is a preliminary approach to investigate the adaptation and agronomic performance of a representative sample of Saharan maize. We evaluated open-pollinated Saharan populations along with European and American cultivars during 2?years in humid and dry Spanish locations and in Algiers (Algeria). Saharan populations were able to grow in temperate environments, although results were not consistent over years and the genotype-by- environment interactions were very important. Some of the Algerian populations evaluated in 2010 showed promising yield and anthesis silking interval over environments, but none of the Algerian populations evaluated in 2009 were adequately adapted to Spanish conditions. These results suggest that there are wide ranges of variability within Saharan maize for adaptation to temperate conditions, and further evaluations of Saharan maize should identify potential base populations for breeding maize in either side of the Mediterranean Sea. However, this germplasm requires prebreeding for adaptation to temperate conditions in order to be adequate for breeding programs in temperate areas.  相似文献   
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Fitness of sugary1 (su1) is affected by some critical traits that depend on the genotypes and environments, while their effects have not been quantified with convincing statistical methods. The objective of this work was to identify and quantify the critical factors of su1 fitness with different genotypes and environments. We used two pairs of field corn inbreds that differentially affected su1 viability to develop F1, F2, BC1 and BC2. After selfing, Su1 and su1 kernels were evaluated under controlled environmental conditions and in field trials. Multiple regressions showed that dry weight of juvenile plant was affected by early vigour (plant size, colour and health) and emergence in cold conditions; ear weight by plant appearance, number of plants and chlorophyll content; number of ears by plant appearance, number of plants, chlorophyll content and female flowering; and kernel weight by ear weight, number of plants, row number and ear length. The main critical factors for su1 fitness were early vigour and emergence under cold conditions at initial stages, while several adult traits were related with final fitness.  相似文献   
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Although the endosperm storage protein of hexaploid triticale have alreadybeen analysed, the allelic diversity of glutenins and secalins remains to bedescribed. Analysis, by SDS-PAGE, of about one thousand F2 seeds fromten triticale crosses allowed the inheritance of these storage proteins to bestudied in order to determine their allelic forms and to assign them toparticular chromosomes. Two new alleles encoding HMW subunits ofglutenin and five new alleles encoding HMW subunits of secalin weredetermined at Glu-B1 and Glu-R1 loci respectively. In additionto the three allelic forms of 75K gamma-secalins encoded at Gli-R2and previously reported, a null form was found. A nomenclature for theseproteins and their corresponding alleles was suggested. The composition ofB-LMW glutenin subunits of hexaploid triticale was described and allelicforms were determined: Five alleles were encoded at Glu-A3 andseven at Glu-B3 including one and two new allelic formsrespectively.  相似文献   
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The high molecular weight (HMW) and B‐zone low molecular weight (B‐LMW) glutenin subunit composition of 45 Algerian durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) landraces and old cultivars were examined by sodium‐dodecyl‐sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). Nine accessions were heterogeneous and presented two or three genotypes. All together, 33 glutenin patterns were detected, including 12 for HMW and 15 for B‐LMW glutenin subunits. Twenty‐four different alleles were identified for the five glutenin loci studied, Glu‐A1 (3), Glu‐B1 (6), Glu‐A3 (8), Glu‐B3 (5) and Glu‐B2 (2). Five new alleles were found, three at Glu‐A3 and two at Glu‐B3. At the Glu‐1 loci, the Glu‐A1c‐Glu‐B1e allelic composition was predominant (31%). For the B‐LMW glutenins, the most common allelic composition was Glu‐A3a‐Glu‐B3a‐Glu‐B2a (36%). The collection analysed shows a high percentage of glutenin alleles and allele combinations related to high gluten strength, together with some others that have not been tested so far. This information could be useful to select local varieties with improved quality and also as a source of genes to develop new lines when breeding for quality.  相似文献   
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The HMW and B‐LMW glutenin subunits composition of 120 durum wheat germplasm grown in Algeria was examined using SDS‐PAGE. All together, 39 glutenin patterns were detected, including eight for HMW and 21 for B‐LMW glutenin subunits. Twenty‐six different alleles were identified for the five glutenin loci studied, that is, Glu‐A1 (3), Glu‐B1 (7), Glu‐A3 (5), Glu‐B3 (9) and Glu‐B2 (2). Two new alleles were found at Glu‐B3 locus: Glu‐B3new1 encodes for five subunits (7 + 8 + 14 + 16 + 18) and Glu‐B3new2 codes for five subunits (4 + 6* + 12 + 15 + 15*), of which subunit 15* with mobility between bands 15–16 was not described previously. At the Glu‐1 loci, the Glu‐A1c/Glu‐B1e allelic composition was predominant. For the B‐LMW glutenins, the most common allelic composition was Glu‐A3a/Glu‐B3a/Glu‐B2a. The collection analysed shows glutenin alleles and allele combinations related to high gluten strength. This information could be useful to select varieties with improved quality and also as a source of genes to develop new lines when breeding for quality.  相似文献   
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A collection of six Tunisian wild cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. flavescens Wiklund (syn. C. cardunculus var. sylvestris (Lam.) Fiori) populations was evaluated using nineteen morphological traits. Analysis of variance and correlation coefficient were performed based on XLSTAT version 2011 and principal components analysis using the past program. Significant differences between populations were noted for most morphological traits in four main groups. The first group, positively correlated to the two axes, is represented by “Zriba”, the second group; including population of “Twirif” is positively correlated to the component 2 and negatively correlated to the component 1 while the third group, is composed of the populations of (Bahra and wad mliz) were positively and negatively correlated to the component 2 and component 1, respectively. Finally, the fourth group is negatively correlated to the two axes and is composed of the populations of (Enfidha and Bouficha). The dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance using UPGMA method, show genetic drift between the studied populations.  相似文献   
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Knowledge of genetic control of mutant viability is of great importance in maize breeding, particularly for mutants with deleterious effects. Little is known about the genetics of the viability of mutants and no previous report has been published concerning the genetic effects of the mutant sugary1 on agronomic traits. Our objective was to study the effects of the sweetcorn mutant sugary1 (su1) on the genetic effects of agronomic traits in two wild type corn backgrounds. Estimated genetic effects of agronomic traits in Su1 versus su1 plants were monitored through four successive selfpollination cycles in two separated mean generation designs. The first involved two Corn Belt inbred lines A619 and A632, while unrelated inbred lines EP42 and A631 were used for the second design. Parents, F1s, F2s, and backcrosses were crossed to the su1 inbred P39 as the donor of su1 and the 12 crosses were successively selfpollinated for 4 years. For each cross, Su1 and su1 seeds were separated and evaluated in 10 × 10 triple lattice designs. The Su1 plants showed higher performance than the su1 plants in almost all traits. The estimates of genetic effects of Su1 versus su1 plants were strongly affected by the su1 × wild type corn interactions. The introgression of su1 in wild type corn strongly affects the genetic effects of flowering time and, to a lesser stent, that of other plant or ear traits. Mutant viability is regulated by additive, dominance and digenic epistatic effects and the importance of those genetic effects depends on the genetic background and environmental conditions.  相似文献   
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Analysis by SDS-PAGE of the majority of hexapoid triticales (× Triticosecale) (134 cultivars) grown in Europe allowed to identify 40 alleles at seven loci: Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-R1, Gli-R2, Glu-B2, Glu-A3 and Glu-B3. Glu-B1 and Glu-B3 loci were the most polymorphic with 9 alleles at each locus. 95 allelic combinations were observed including 71 specific for one cultivar each. On the basis of allelic frequencies at the seven loci, genetic distances between hexapoid triticales grouped according to their origins revealed two clusters: winter triticales mostly originating from European germplasm and spring triticales essentially of CIMMYT origin. Comparison of allele frequencies between hexaploid triticale cultivars and a world collection of bread (Triticum aestivum) and durum (Triticum durum) wheat was investigated at Glu-A1 and Glu-B1: only a significant association was found for Glu-A1 alleles (γ2=2.26, p=0.36) between triticale and bread wheat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   
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