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1.
Field treatments in a vineyard with 0.015 or 0.01% a.i. of cypermethrin, fenvalerate, fenpropathrin or AC-222,705 were more efficient in controlling the grape-berry moth (Lobesia botrana Schiff.) and the honeydew moth (Cryptoblabes gnidiella Mill.) than four standard treatments consisting of two with 0.05% a.i. fenitrothion and two with 0.075% a.i. diazinon. In pyrethroid-treated plots, infestation at the end of the trials ranged between 2.5 and 12%, compared with 21% in the standard treatment plots and 34% in the untreated plots. Cypermethrin, fenpropathrin and AC-222,705 exhibited similar field activity, while that of fenvalerate was somewhat lower. Under laboratory conditions, cypermethrin at 0.005 and 0.01% a.i. was significantly more potent than fenvalerate, fenpropathrin and AC-222,705; at a higher concentration, 0.015% a.i., all pyrethroids were highly active, with mortality ranging between 75 and 95%. Under laboratory conditions the vinegar fly (Drosophila melanogaster Meig.) was in general more susceptible to pyrethroids than was the grape-berry moth. Cypermethrin and AC-222,705 at 0.005% a.i. and avermectin at 0.0035% a.i. were potent compounds against the vinegar fly and more active than fenvalerate and fenpropathrin. 相似文献
2.
The activity of diflubenzuron against eggs ofLobesia botrana Den. & Schiff. was assayed with a dipping procedure, at 22° and 27° C. The compound was much more active at 27°C (LC-50 = 0.0072%) than at 22°C (LC-50 = 0.195%). 相似文献
3.
4.
Fentin acetate (FA) at effective antifeedant concentrations does not have a high, immediate toxicity for 170–190 mg larvae of the Egyptian cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis); the mortality of such larvae exposed to FA residues on leaves is not appreciably higher than that of larvae being starved. The antifeedant effect of FA is also not due to an influence on sensory receptors on the mouth parts. Protease and amylase are inhibited in vivo in larvae feeding on FA-treated leaves; the enzyme inhibition increases with the concentrations of the leaf-dipping suspensions. At 0.05% FA, protease and amylase activity was only about 20 and 30%, respectively, of that of the control larvae and was lower than in starved larvae.Antifeeding and enzymatic inhibition are also obtained by injecting FA into the haemocoel, results which indicate that FA does not inhibit the digestive enzymes directly, but seems to affect the enzyme production in the gut. This interpretation is strengthened by the finding that the addition of massive amounts of FA to the enzyme reaction mixture does not affect the enzyme activity. 相似文献
5.
K. R. Simon Ascher Nadia E. Nemny Manes Wysoki Leah Gur-Telzak 《Pest management science》1978,9(6):566-570
The antifeedant effect of five organotin compounds (fentin acetate, fentin hydroxide, fentin chloride, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide) and of three other compounds known to possess antifeeding activity (guazatine triacetate, 4′-chloroacetophenone isobutyrylhydrazone and thiram) was investigated by feeding treated alfalfa to larvae of Boarmia selenaria. The three fentins and cyhexatin were highly active at 0.1 g litre?1, the order of activity at this concentration being fentin chloride > fentin hydroxide > fentin acetate ? cyhexatin, whereas the other compounds were practically inactive at either this or a somewhat higher concentration (0.5 g litre?1). Guazatine triacetate had a concentration-independent antifeedant effect at much higher concentrations (5–20 g litre?1). 相似文献
6.
Efficacy of tiamulin against experimentally induced Streptococcus suis type-2 infection in swine 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M M Chengappa L W Pace J A Williams C H Herren S E Ascher 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,197(11):1467-1470
Eighteen 4-week-old pigs were used in a study to evaluate tiamulin in drinking water for control of experimentally induced Streptococcus suis type-2 infection. Pigs in groups A and B (n = 6 pigs/group) were aerosolized with a logarithmic-growth phase culture of S suis type 2, whereas pigs in group C (n = 6 pigs) served as noninfected and nonmedicated controls. After exposure to S suis, pigs in group B were given 180 mg of tiamulin/L of drinking water for 5 days. Pigs in group B consumed more feed (P = 0.009) and gained body weight faster (P = 0.02) than did pigs in group A. Pigs in group A had higher rectal temperature (P = 0.05) for up to 7 days after S suis exposure, higher clinical sign scores (P = 0.008), higher serum cortisol concentration on days 7 and 14, higher gross lesion scores (P = 0.03), and higher microscopic lesion scores (P = 0.01) than did pigs in groups B and C. Gross and microscopic lesions in pigs of groups A and B included meningitis, pneumonia, pleuritis, pericarditis, peritonitis, and synovitis of variable severity. Streptococcus suis type 2 was recovered from tissue specimens of 2 group-A pigs and 1 group-B pig. Data indicated that tiamulin administered via drinking water significantly reduced the effects of S suis type-2 infection. 相似文献
7.
Summary Discriminating styles (DS) in Petunia hybrida discriminate among incompatible pollen sources with pollen-mediated pseudo-self compatibility (PMPSC) similarly to those in Nemesia strumosa. Both species exhibit a single-locus gametophytic self-incompatibility system. Correlation of PMPSC to PSC level of the male was not universal and DS/PMPSC operated in heterozygous S genotypes. PSC levels of progenies generated from compatible or incompatible bud pollination were not significantly different from those of open-flower pollination of a DS plant with a given male, suggesting that DS did not select among male gametophytes for increased PSC.Scientific Journal Series Paper Number 13,077 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
8.
Summary F1 progeny from three classes of crosses were studied for indications of incongruity in the form of reproductive dysfunction. Percent fruit set was found to be approximately equivalent to the additive inverse of percent aborted flowers, as the effect of shot berries was small and not significant. In interspecific crosses, barriers were manifested as reduced fruit set and seed number per berry. These two characters were used to create an index of reproductive efficiency. Nine F1s from crosses of most divergent class, V. riparia × V. vinifera (R × V), displayed significantly tower reproductive efficiency, percent fruit set, and seed number per berry. Four female F1s from the least divergent class, V. riparia × V. riparia (R × R), had the highest reproductive efficiency, percent fruit set and seed number per berry, when pollinated by two V. riparia pollen sources. Seventeen F1s from the highly-intercrossed class, V. riparia × French Hybrid (R × FH), displayed intermediate levels of reproductive efficiency, percent fruit set, and seed number per berry. The R × FH class involved V. vinifera, V. rupestris, V. aestivalis, V. labrusca, V. berlandieri, V. cinerea, and V. riparia. It is proposed that the complex intercrossing in the pedigrees of the R × FH class ameliorated incongruity. In the most divergent class, R × V, progenies of one of the V. riparia parents displayed fewer incongruity effects than progenies of the other V. riparia parents. Progeny testing of many proposed parental combinations may be used to uncover useful congruent combinations.Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Scientific Journal Series No. 20835 相似文献
9.
Summary SI inbreds of P. hybrida and crosses between self-incompatible (SI) petunia plants were brought to flower under winter and summer glasshouse conditions. SI response, as measured by self seed, ranged from zero seed set under both conditions to low or zero seed set during the summer and high seed set during the winter. Some plants produced comparable seed yields during either pollination time. Increased expression of pseudo-self-compatibility (PSC) during the winter months was attributed to a breakdown of the Si system by the low light conditions of Minnesota winters (45°N). Genotypic differences within and between populations in the winter provided differences facilitating selection for increased SI. These differences were masked in some populations by the summer environmental conditions. The use of simulated or natural low light conditions as a technique for selecting for SI should increase selection efficiency.Scientific Journal Series Paper Number 10,499 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
10.
Summary Highly pseudo-self compatible (PSC) Nemesia strumosa plants were selfed and intercrossed to produce progenies of the F5 through F7 generations. Though high PSC progenies were obtained, none were truebreeding. Progenies from crossing inbred high PSC plants to low PSC plants consisted of either mostly low PSC plants or both low and intermediate plants. A backcross to the high PSC parent of a progeny from a low times high cross produced a family with a PSC frequency distribution skewed toward low PSC but with a few high PSC plants. These data may be explained if PSC genes at some or most loci are incompletely dominant to non-PSC genes and threshold numbers of PSC genes are required for PSC expression and for 100% PSC plants. Dominance may also occur at some loci. Although only a small number of genes may be required to produce a high PSC plant, the total number of PSC genes may be large.Scientific Journal Series Paper No. 11,676 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献