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1.
Moutik Sana Lakram Nazha Bendaou Mohammed Maadoudi El Haj Kabbour Mohammed Rachid Douaik Ahmed Zouahri Abdelmajid El Housni Abdellah Es-Safi Nour Eddine 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(8):2437-2445
Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective of this work was to study the effect of the incorporation of argane by-products (meal and pulp) in ewe’s diet on the production and... 相似文献
2.
Abdellah Akhkha Donald D. Clarke Peter J. Dominy 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2003,62(6):347-354
The relative levels of tolerance of two wild barley lines (Hordeum spontaneum), B19909 and I-17-40, and one cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare), cv. Prisma, to Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei were determined by comparing the effects of different levels of infection on the photosynthesis and respiration rates of the third leaf. Infection caused the early onset of senescence in all three lines, and in particular in cv. Prisma, and was accompanied by decreases in gross and net photosynthesis rates, increases in respiration rates, and loss of chlorophyll. The onset of senescence occurred at approximately the same time in infected leaves of the two wild lines, but once triggered, photosynthesis rates and chlorophyll levels declined more rapidly in I-17-40 than in B19909. A burst of respiratory activity accompanied the onset of senescence, and this was greatest in cv. Prisma. Conidial production was higher in B19909, indicating a higher level of tolerance in this line. 相似文献
3.
It has been demonstrated that atrazine side-chain mineralisation could be substantially stimulated by addition of carbon-containing substrates such as cellulose, green manure, straw or sawdust in the presence of NH4+ nitrogen but poorly affected by amendments with glucose. Cellulose has the most beneficial effect. For that substrate it has been shown that (i) simultaneous application of the organic amendment and atrazine results in kinetics for side-chain dealkylation showing a lag phase which is reduced or even eliminated by preliminary incubation with the amendment, (ii) rate and extent of mineralisation of the ethylamino side chain are significantly accelerated by decreasing the C/N ratio of the amendment. By comparison, mineralisation of the isopropylamino side chain is not appreciably affected by a change in the value of the C/N ratio as far as atrazine is applied within a two- to three-week period following the organic treatment after which a small deficit in N supply has a definite beneficial effect on mineralisation. Cellulose and, to a lesser extent, straw induce a biphasic change in bacterial number with more numerous and/or active atrazine degraders being predominantly found in the later-developing bacterial community. The fungal microflora is relatively unaffected by all types of carbon substrates but glucose and, unexpectedly, by atrazine at high ratio of application. Activation of atrazine mineralisation seems to be a co-metabolic process which is kinetically controlled by the rate of release from polymerised C substrates of easily available and readily metabolisable low-molecular-weight co-substrates. Transient production of glucose as an end-product of cellulose depolymerisation might induce catabolic repression of dealkylation enzyme systems and be responsible for a lag in atrazine side-chain mineralisation. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
4.
Wassila Tighzert Abderrahmane Habi Abdellah Ajji Tahar Sadoun Fatima Boukraa-Oulad Daoud 《Fibers and Polymers》2017,18(3):514-524
In this work, electrospinning of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), chitosan and their blends has been investigated, and nanofibers with a diameter ranging from 90 nm to 1.9 microns were produced and used as carriers for immobilization of the phospholipase A1. A strong influence of chitosan (CS) and the solvent trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) on the morphology, distribution of the nanofibers diameter and on their hydrophobicity was observed. The yield of phospholipase A1 (PLA1) on non-woven fibers was evaluated using the method of Bradford. Their activities and their reutilisability were assessed titrimetrically using soybean lecithin as substrate. The results showed that the degree of immobilization on the non-woven fibers of pure PLA and mixtures PLA/CS4 and PLA/SC6 are 73, 54, 45 % respectively and can be reused up to 4 cycles without significant loss of enzyme activity. Moreover, a remarkable improvement of the activity of phospholipase A1 on non-woven based on pure PLA fibers was observed, indicating that most of the enzymes were probably in their active form. 相似文献
5.
Effect of ploidy on the mortality of Crassostrea gigas spat caused by OsHV‐1 in France using unselected and selected OsHV‐1 resistant oysters
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Lionel Dégremont Christophe Ledu Elise Maurouard Max Nourry Abdellah Benabdelmouna 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(3):777-786
The effect of ploidy on the mortality of Crassostrea gigas spat caused by the ostreid herpesvirus (OsHV‐1) genotype μVar was investigated at five sites along the Atlantic coast in France in 2011. Sibling diploids and triploids were produced using either unselected or selected OsHV‐1‐resistant oysters. No significant interactions were found between the factors of environment, genotype and ploidy at the endpoint dates. The mean mortality rates at the sites were 62% and 59% for diploids and triploids, respectively, and the two rates were not significantly different. The mean mortality rates were 33% and 32% for sibling diploids and triploids, respectively, when OsHV‐1‐resistant parents were used and 91% and 85%, respectively, when unselected parents were used. The results were confirmed through other broodstocks tested in 2013. Our study is the first to clearly show that mortality related to OsHV‐1 is similar between diploids and triploids in C. gigas when the same germplasm is used for both ploidy. Furthermore, OsHV‐1 resistance was not substantially altered by triploidization, indicating that the achieved selective breeding of diploid oysters for OsHV‐1 resistance can be translated into improved survival in triploids. 相似文献
6.
Nawal Gaafar Nabil El-Wakeil Abdellah Abdel-Moniem Christa Volkmar 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2016,68(3):163-171
Chamomile Matricaria recutita (L.) is an ancient healing plant; it is used for a sore stomach, a mild laxative, anti-inflammatory and a gentle sleep aid. Chamomile plants are infested by chamomile stem-weevil Microplontus rugulosus (Col., Curculionidae) and chamomile smooth beetle Olibrus aeneus (Col., Phalacridae), and can lead to a high reduction in chamomile yield. This work aimed to survey M. rugulosus and O. aeneus by different monitoring methods as well as to manage them by using entomopathogenic nematodes. 相似文献
7.
Rachid RAZOUK Abdellah KAJJI Anas HAMDANI Jamal CHARAFI Lahcen HSSAINI Said BOUDA 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2021,8(4):583-593
8.
Dr. Nabil E. El-Wakeil Abdellah S. H. Abdel-Moniem Nawal Gaafar Christa Volkmar 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2013,65(1):7-13
Orange wheat blossom midge damage can impart serious loss of quantity and quality of winter wheat. Wheat midges were evaluated in large scale field in winter wheat in Bad Lausick (Leipzig, Saxsony) central Germany. The present study aimed at studying the activity of wheat blossom midges WBM, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) and Contarinia tritici (Kirby) using pheromone, sticky traps and two types of water traps. Management of midges with different treatments was studied; Karate (pyrethroid), Biscaya (neonicotinoid) and NeemAzal T/S (botanical insecticide) were sprayed on wheat at heading stage (GS 55). Monitoring was conducted before the treatment and continued for 4 weeks after the treatment. Pheromone traps were used for forecasting midge adult population and determine the control date. Water traps were used to assess midge larvae, while midge adults were surveyed using sticky traps. A strong correlation between midge catches and weather conditions was obtained; as well a coincidence between pheromone catches and wheat midge infestation in the susceptible growth stages (GS 47–65) was recorded. Insecticide applications to fields of midge-infested winter wheat significantly reduced the wheat midge damage. There were significant differences in wheat midge numbers between treated and untreated; wheat midge numbers were lower in the treated than in control. The results proved that both Karate and Biscaya caused more mortality to wheat midges than NeemAzal T/S. 相似文献
9.
The French oyster production of Crassostrea gigas is based on two sources of spat: wild-caught (WC) and hatchery-produced (HP). Massive mortality related to the ostreid herpesvirus type 1 (OsHV-1) has affected both sources in France since 2008. We investigated the mortality in juvenile C. gigas due to the horizontal transmission of OsHV-1 within (separated condition) and between (mixed condition) the two spat sources in three environments from April to June 2010. In the separated condition, no mortality was observed in the HP batches, while the WC batches experienced moderate to high mortality (40–80 %). In contrast, the WC and HP batches experienced high mortality in all tested environments for the mixed condition. At the beginning of the trial, the HP batches were all negative for OsHV-1 DNA detection by real-time PCR, while the WC batches were all positive for OsHV-1 DNA detection by real-time PCR, even though the percentage of virus DNA-positive oysters and viral load were low. During the experiment, all batches that exhibited mortality were positive for OsHV-1 with a high viral load, while OsHV-1 was never detected for the HP batches of the separated condition. Together, our results demonstrated that OsHV-1 was horizontally transmitted from the WC oysters to the HP oysters. Our study is the first to indicate that the mortality related to OsHV-1 in HP oysters can be avoided using ponds or tanks. However, these oysters were always protected from OsHV-1, and HP oysters could also experience mortality and spread the disease similar to the WC oysters if such care is not used. Finally, the persistence of OsHV-1 at a sub-clinical level in certain oysters supports the hypothesis that the virus can be reactivated and cause viral replication. The use of the two spat sources is discussed to better understand the spread of the disease among oyster stocks. 相似文献
10.
Abdellah Yassir Bernard Lagacherie Sabine Houot Guy Soulas 《Pest management science》1999,55(8):799-809
Among 15 soils with different cropping practices, seven which had an history of repeated atrazine applications showed accelerated degradation of this herbicide. By contrast, grassland or agricultural soils with no recorded atrazine application, at least for the last three years, had a low degradation potential. No direct relation was found between the rate of atrazine mineralisation and the size of the microbial biomass. In adapted soils, the amounts of extractable residues were lowered and the very high percentages of radioactivity from [ring-14C]atrazine recovered as [14C]carbon dioxide demonstrated that N-dealkylation and deamidation were the only processes for micro-organisms to derive carbon and energy for heterotrophic growth. Kinetics of microbial 14C accumulation revealed that atrazine ring carbon could be incorporated by direct oxidative condensation with structural components of the bacterial or fungal cell whereas side-chain carbon was preferentially used for biosynthesis of new protoplasmic cell material, as confirmed by the high turnover rate of radiolabelled microbial components. From the determination of the Michaelis–Menten parameters, Vm and Km in the presence of different selective biocides, it was possible to conclude that fungi were probably less active in atrazine degradation than bacteria and that over years the microbial atrazine-degrading community showed an increased efficiency. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献