The Maximum Edge-Edge Connectivity of Quasi-Regular Graphs

The edge-edge connectivity of a graph is defined,and a class of quasi-regulargraphs is proposed with a maximum edge-edge connectivity.     

棉田种植诱集作物对天敌的保护及增殖作用

1987—1988年在河北省邯郸地区的试验结果表明,在棉田种植油菜及高粱诱集带,棉花主要害虫发生期内捕食性天敌数量比对照田增加25—51％;当棉田施用化学农药时,诱集带对保护天敌、促使捕食性天敌数量回升的效果明显。两种诱集作物综合种植的相互衔接,对保护、增殖天敌和控制害虫作用明显优于单一种植高粱诱集带。     

Rapid evolution of Ophraella communa cold tolerance in new low-temperature environments

Low winter temperatures severely stress newly arriving insect species. Adaptive evolutionary changes in cold tolerance can facilitate their establishment in new environments. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, a noxious invasive plant, occurs throughout China. Ophraella communa, a biological control agent of A. artemisiifolia, mainly occurs in southern China. However, in 2012, it established populations in Beijing (39.98°N, 115.97°E) following introduction from Laibin (23.62°N, 109.37°E), implying cold adaptation. The mechanisms underlying its rapid evolution of cold tolerance remain unknown. We investigated the levels of cryoprotectants and energy reserves in adult O. communa from two latitudes. In high-latitude insects, we found high trehalose, proline, glycerol, total sugar, and lipid levels; five potential genes (Tret1a, Tret1b, Tret1-2, P5CS, and GST), responsible for regulating cold tolerance and involved in trehalose transport, proline biosynthesis, and glutathione S-transferase activation, were highly expressed. These hybridisation changes could facilitate cold temperature adaptation. We demonstrate the genetic basis underlying rapid adaptation of cold tolerance in O. communa, explaining its extension to higher latitudes. Thus, specialist herbivores can follow host plants by adapting to new temperature environments via rapid genetic evolution.

     

Analysis of Reliability of the Harary Graph

When the vertices fail independently with each other by a constant probability,the reliability of a sraph is defined to be the probability that the graph results from deleting thefailed venices together with the incidence edges is connected. The Harary graph,a class of graphswith the best connectivity is considered in this paper,the bound of it's reliability is obtained,and theasymptotic property of reliability is also analysed.     

利用天敌昆虫治理豚草的研究进展

豚草Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.起源于北美洲,一年生草本植物,靠种子繁殖。豚草在入侵地逃离了天敌等生物因子的制约,种群得以快速发展,并暴发成灾,对人类健康、农牧业生产、生态环境等均造成严重的影响。从20世纪60年代开始,许多国家从原产地寻找天敌,开始豚草生物防治。我国从20世纪80年代,先后从国外引进了5种植食性昆虫,对其生物学、生态学特性及其应用等开展了研究,最终确认豚草条纹叶甲和豚草卷蛾是2种具有应用前景的天敌昆虫。这两种天敌昆虫在野外释放后,仅有豚草卷蛾能在野外成功建立种群,一定程度上延缓了豚草种群的蔓延。随后,2001年,在南京市郊的豚草上发现一种来自北美的广聚萤叶甲,经过寄主专一性测定后,发现其具有严格的寄主专一性。同时,这种叶甲气候适应能力、繁殖力和对豚草控制潜力均较强。在中国,广聚萤叶甲和豚草卷蛾生态位互补的生物防治技术已被提出,并在南方各省市大面积推广应用,取了非常理想的控制效果。然而,广聚萤叶甲尚未能在北方建立种群,这给北方豚草的生物防治带来了许多困难。因此,通过野外创造有利于广聚萤叶甲成虫越冬的人工保护生境,或通过人工冷驯化和筛选获取高产耐寒种群,将有助于这些问题的解决。     

竹荪深层培养的理化因子研究

通过对几种竹荪的液体深层培养，筛选出一株生长快，产量高的长裙竹荪，通过对其深层培养条件及生理代谢的初步研究，确定了竹荪深层培养所需理化条件，也表明在短时间内通过深层发酵，获得大量营养菌丝体是完全可行的，实验室内已达到１５克干菌体／每立升培养液。     

广聚萤叶甲成虫的形态特征

广聚萤叶甲(Ophraella communa LeSage)是我国近几年来发现的一种重要的豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia Linn.)天敌。鉴于该叶甲在豚草生物防治上的重要性,本文在前人研究的基础上,对其成虫的形态特征进行了详细描述,并介绍了区别雌雄虫的重要外部特征。认为雄虫生殖节端部有倒"V"形的黑斑,而雌虫无"V"形黑斑。这对于进一步深入开展该叶甲的生物学、生态学及其应用研究具有重要意义。     

格氏栲林林窗物种多样性动态规律的研究

格氏栲 (Castanopsiskawakamii) ,也称青钩栲 ,属国家二级保护植物 ,是壳斗科常绿阔叶大乔木 ,为亚热带珍贵稀有树种之一。自然分布仅限福建、江西、广东和广西等地 ,多零星生长在海拔 2 0 0～ 1 0 0 0m丘陵地带的常绿阔叶林中。在福建三明小湖地区有近 70 0hm2 的林分 ,多由百年以上的大树组成 ,是中国较为罕见的天然群落 ,有其独特的自然景观 (林鹏等 ,1 986;樊后保 ,2 0 0 0 )。有关学者对格氏栲林开展了一些研究 (刘金福等 ,1 998;1 999a ;1 999b ;2 0 0 1a ;2 0 0 1b ;2 0 0 1c ;2 0 0 2a ;2 0 0 2b ;2 0 0 2c) ,但有关格氏栲林多样性…     

A Three Valued Model of System Level Fault Diagnosis

We propose a three valued model of system level fault diagonsis,define a class of diagnosable systems,give a characterization of them,and study their optimal design.