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1.
Hollmén TE Franson JC Flint PL Grand JB Lanctot RB Docherty DE Wilson HM 《Avian diseases》2003,47(4):1434-1440
An adenovirus was isolated from intestinal samples of two long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) collected during a die-off in the Beaufort Sea off the north coast of Alaska in 2000. The virus was not neutralized by reference antiserum against known group I, II, or III avian adenoviruses and may represent a new serotype. The prevalence of the virus was determined in live-trapped long-tailed ducks at the mortality site and at a reference site 100 km away where no mortality was observed. Prevalence of adenovirus antibodies in serum samples at the mortality site was 86% compared to 10% at the reference site. Furthermore, 50% of cloacal swabs collected at the mortality site and only 7% of swabs from the reference site were positive for adenoviruses. In 2001, no mortality was observed at either of the study areas, and virus prevalence in both serum and cloacal samples was low, providing further evidence that the adenovirus was linked to the mortality event in 2000. The virus was used to infect long-tailed ducks under experimental conditions and resulted in lesions previously described for avian adenovirus infections and similar to those observed in long-tailed duck carcasses from the Beaufort Sea. The status of long-tailed ducks has recently become a concern in Alaska due to precipitous declines in breeding populations there since the mid-1970s. Our findings suggest that the newly isolated adenovirus is a disease agent and source of mortality in long-tailed ducks, and thus could be a contributing factor in population declines. 相似文献
2.
Loponen J Sontag-Strohm T Venäläinen J Salovaara H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(3):978-984
The prolamins of wheat, rye, and barley contain structures that are harmful to gluten-sensitive people, and an extensive degradation of these prolamins during food processing might eliminate this problem. Sourdough fermentation is a cereal food process during which some protein degradation occurs. In this study, the prolamin hydrolysis that occurred in a high-proteolytic-activity germinated-wheat sourdough (GWSD) was compared with that of wheat sourdough systems which contained moderate or no proteolytic activities. Virtually all of the wheat prolamins (gliadins and glutenins) were degraded during the GWSD fermentation. Quantification of its prolamin levels confirmed that extensive prolamin hydrolysis had occurred in the GWSD. This hydrolysis was attributed to the cysteine proteinase activities of the germinated wheat. The use of high-proteolytic sourdoughs in baking could make it possible to prepare new low-prolamin cereal-based products for use by gluten-sensitive people, who could then diversify their diets by including these whole-grain containing products into their every-day diets. 相似文献
3.
Ülgen İlknur Konak Dilek Ercili-Cura Juhani Sibakov Tuula Sontag-Strohm Muharrem Certel Jussi Loponen 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014
Functional properties of conventional oat materials are relatively poor with respect to foam and emulsion formation and stabilization. This is largely due to the poor solubility of oat proteins and the presence of lipids in aqueous extracts of oats. In the experimental part of this study, extracts were prepared from different type oat flours (oat endosperm flour, oat fine flour, CO2-defatted whole oat flour and CO2-defatted oat flour) with a buffered aqueous extraction procedure at acidic (pH 4.5 and 6.5) and basic (pH 8.5 and 10.5) regions. The solubility of proteins was the highest at pH 10.5 and NaCl concentration of 2%. Among the extracts, CO2-oat flour showed improved foaming and emulsifying properties at basic pH values. The presence of 0.1% NaCl resulted in the lowest foam volumes, but the emulsion activity and stability values being the highest. Sucrose addition resulted in increased foam and emulsion stability of suspensions. Heat treatment at 80 °C impaired foam properties, whereas the stability of emulsions increased with the increase in temperature from 20 °C to 80 °C. CO2-extracted oats can be useful raw materials in beverages and other aqueous applications where protein functionality plays an important role. 相似文献
4.
Tuula Dahlman Marja M?ntysalo Palle V Rasmussen L L Skovl?kke 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2002,56(6):443-454
The influence of dietary protein, methionine, and lysine on leather quality in blue fox pelts was studied. The pelt material originated from animals in two consecutive feeding trials (Exp. 1 and Exp. 2) with three protein levels: conventional, slightly lowered, and very low. The two lowest protein diets were fed as such or as supplemented with methionine or with lysine (lysine only in Exp. 2). The following physical leather properties were measured: breaking load (BRL), tensile strength (TEN), relative elongation at break (PEB), straining of skins at pelting, and shrinkage at dressing. A decline in the dietary protein content reduced BRL and, hence, leather firmness, and increased straining and the corresponding shrinking in Exp. 1. The supplemented methionine tended to improve leather strength and elasticity by increasing TEN and PEB in Exp. 1, whereas lysine elicited no response. Methionine supplementation at the slightly lowered protein level increased BRL in both experiments by almost 10% as compared with the respective non-supplemented diet. We conclude that with high protein quality diets, a level of 200 g/kg DM (as digestible protein) appears to be adequate for producing pelts with firm, elastic leather, provided that an adequate amount of methionine is included in the diet. 相似文献
5.
Sari?JuutinenEmail author Tuula?Larmola Rainer?Remus Edith?Mirus Wolfgang?Merbach Jouko?Silvola Jürgen?Augustin 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2003,38(1):10-14
The contribution of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (common reed) litter as an origin of CH 4-C was studied in a microcosm experiment. 14C-labelled, dried and ground P. australis root and shoot litter was buried in waterlogged, planted or non-planted fen microcosms. The evolution of 14CO 2 and 14CH 4 from the pots was monitored during the 35-day experiment. The 14C activity in the shoots and roots of the plants, soil, and inundation water was also analysed at the end of the experiment. Up to 40% of the released CH 4-C originated from the added litter, whereas the rest originated from old soil organic matter. The comparison of planted and non-planted pots suggested that the contribution of recent plant-derived C (i.e. root exudates) to CH 4 emission was negligible. The proportion of litter-derived CH 4-C was significantly higher in the planted pots, suggesting that the presence of plants enhanced the formation of CH 4 from litter. The major part of the initial 14C activity was recovered from the soil. About 3% was recovered from the inundation water, about 10% was emitted as CO 2, and only <0.01% as CH 4. However, these results demonstrated that plant litter and old soil organic matter are the major sources of CH 4-C in fens during the early growth stage of P. australis. 相似文献
6.
Petri T. Jaakkola Tuula A. Vahlman Aappo A. Roos Pekka E. Saarinen Jyrki K. Kauppinen 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1998,101(1-4):79-92
Stack gases of wood and oil burning boilers were analyzed by a low resolution FT-IR gas analyzer. Concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), sulfur dioxide (SO2), methane (CH4), and water vapor (H2O) were predicted in real time by multicomponent analysis. Detection limits, linearity, analysis accuracy and long time repeatability were experimentally determined for selected gas components. Applicability of the measurement method was demonstrated by analysis of stack gas mixtures of known concentrations. The results indicate that all the primary stack gas components can be measured by the low resolution FT-IR gas analyzer with comparable results to single component measurement methods. 相似文献
7.
Pivi M. Kanerva Tuula S. Sontag-Strohm Pivi H. Ryppy Pirjo Alho-Lehto Hannu O. Salovaara 《Journal of Cereal Science》2006,44(3):347-352
Immunological methods based on monoclonal antibodies with varying specifities towards gluten proteins have been used to control the purity of gluten-free products. Commercially available methods have been developed to detect gluten proteins found in wheat. However, difficulties have occurred in quantifying barley proteins with the same accuracy as wheat proteins. Barley is also a common contaminant in oat products. In this study, oat flour samples were deliberately contaminated with known amounts of barley flour and analysed using two commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The methods were based on an ω-gliadin antibody and an R5 antibody. The results obtained with the R5 antibody were overestimates while the ω-gliadin antibody underestimated the higher barley prolamin content. This study showed that inaccuracies in ELISA assays in quantifying barley contaminations can possibly be eliminated by using a hordein standard. However, it is necessary to know the source of contamination. This would prevent overestimation of the hordein content of gluten-free products. Overestimation unnecessarily reduces the variety of gluten-free products and may decrease compliance to a gluten-free diet. 相似文献
8.
The degradation of some dicarboximidic fungicides (chlozolinate, iprodione, procymidone and vinclozolin) has been studied in wine at pH values of 3.0 and 4.0, at 30°. The kinetic data obtained by observing the disappearance of the active ingredient (3.0 mg kg?1) showed the pseudo first-order rate constants to be higher at pH 4.0 than at 3.0, with a trend for the values to be in the order: chlozolinate > vinclozolin > procymidone > iprodione. 3, 5-Dichloroaniline was not detected as a degradation product of any of the compounds. Chlozolinate and vinclozolin in wine each yielded a major metabolite, the structures of which are proposed. 相似文献
9.
Malinen Jukka; Kilpelainen Harri; Piira Teppo; Redsven Visa; Wall Tapio; Nuutinen Tuula 《Forestry》2007,80(3):309-321
The aim of the study was to compare model-based approaches inthe prediction of timber assortment recovery with bucking simulationbased on detailed stem data. A correction function for the totallength of saw log fragments and two optional saw log reductionmodels, that is, the MELA96 version and MELA05 version, wereapplied. In the bucking simulation, the volumes by timber assortmentswere calculated using a bucking-to-value simulator. The predictionof saw log recoveries varied between the bucking simulationand different versions of saw log reduction models. The levelof the reduction from the MELA96 version was at the same levelas from the bucking simulation where defects were taken intoaccount, but the saw log reduction had a very low variance dueto a small amount of independent variables. The saw log reductionof the MELA05 version included more variation although the levelof the reductions was higher and the variation did not meetwith the bucking simulation. As a conclusion, the model-basedapproaches seem applicable at least for the prediction of sawlog recovery in the large area forest inventories where thevariance of the standwise timber assortment recoveries neednot be predicted. 相似文献
10.
Tuula Piri 《Forest Pathology》1996,26(4):193-204
The occurrence of Heterobasidion annosum in stumps and growing trees was investigated on 15 forest sites in southern Finland where the previous tree stand had been Norway spruce (Picea abies) infected by H. annosum, and the present stand was either Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), Siberian larch (Larix siberica), silver birch (Betula pendula) or Norway spruce 8–53 years old. Out of 712 spruce stumps investigated of the previous tree stand, 26.3% were infected by the S group and 0.3% by the P group of H. annosum. The fungus was alive and the fruit bodies were active even in stumps cut 46 years ago. In the subsequent stand, the proportion of trees with root rot increased in spruce stands and decreased in stands of other tree species. On average, one S type genet spreading from an old spruce stump had infected 3.0 trees in the following spruce stand, 0.5 trees in lodgepole pine, 0.3 trees in Siberian larch, 0.05 trees in Scots pine and 0.03 trees in silver birch stand. Although silver birch generally was highly resistant to the S type of H. annosum, infected trees were found on one site that was planted with birch of a very northern provenance. 相似文献