青钱柳叶总黄酮超声辅助提取工艺优

为研究以乙醇为溶剂超声波辅助提取青钱柳叶总黄酮的工艺,在单因素试验的基础上,采用四因素二次回归正交旋转组合设计,以液料比、超声处理时间、超声功率、溶剂体积分数为考察因素,优选了超声波辅助提取青钱柳叶总黄酮的最佳工艺.结果表明各因素对提取率的影响大小依次为:超声处理时间、溶剂体积分数、液料比、超声功率.最佳工艺条件为液料比55mL/g,超声处理时间34min,超声功率720W,溶剂体积分数60%,在此最佳条件下,总黄酮的得率为86.63%,优化工艺稳定,提取率也较高,试验验证结果与模型预测值相符.     

南方地区杨树胶合板材定向培育技术的研究

随着工业技术的发展,工业生产对木材和其它林产品提出了更高、更新的要求,要求各类用材实行定向培育,这是世界人工林发展出现的战略变化１）。杨树具有生长快、成材早、产量高和易于更新的特点,为最适的短轮伐期工业用材林经营树种（方升佐等,１９９３）。所谓定向培育,是指按最终用途所确定的对木材原料的要求,采用集约经营等科学管理措施,生产出种类、质量、规格都大致相同,价格具竞争力的大批木材原料。本文简要总结了南方地区杨树胶合板材定向培育技术中关于无性系选择、立地控制、密度控制、栽植材料选择及优化栽培模式等研究…     

杨树超短轮伐期经营的生产力及材性的研究

以美洲黑杨２个无性系为供试材料，研究杨树超短轮伐期经营中地上部分生物量生产、分配模式、Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ的输出量及材性。结果表明，在３种密度和３种轮伐期的组合中，２个无性系均以造林密度为１００００株·ｈａ－１、轮伐期为３年的林分生物生产力最高，Ｉ－６９杨为１０．５２ｔ·ｈａ－１·ａ－１，ＮＬ－８０３５１杨约为１２．００ｔ·ｈａ－１·ａ－１；在生物量的分配比率和作为造纸材的经济生物量上也以这种组合模式最为合理，经济生物量最大，Ｉ－６９杨为７．１４ｔ·ｈａ－１·ａ－１，ＮＬ－８０３５１杨为８·４７ｔ·ｈａ－１·ａ－１。养分输出量的多少与林分的生物量生产和分配比率密切相关。轮伐期为３年，密度为１００００株·ｈａ－１的林分Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ的输出量最高，Ｉ－６９杨为３３．９７ｋｇ·ｈａ－１·ａ－１，ＮＬ－８０３５１杨为３８．５０ｋｇ·ｈａ－１·ａ－１，但ＮＬ－８０３５１杨每生产１吨经济生物量所输出的Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ总量略低于Ｉ－６９杨。杨树超短轮伐期经营中生产出的木材都可用作中、低档的造纸原料，其中Ｉ－６９杨的制浆性能优于ＮＬ－８０３５１杨。     

青钱柳种质资源多样性SRAP初步分析

为了利用分子标记方法评价青钱柳种质资源的遗传多样性,本文对青钱柳DNA的提取、SRAP扩增体系重要参数进行了优化,运用优化体系筛选多态性引物,并用1对引物对青钱柳9个种源进行了遗传多样性初步分析。研究结果建立了适于青钱柳SRAP的扩增体系;从110对SRAP引物中筛选出了13对多态性引物,运用1对引物组合Me7＋Em2扩增获得21个多态性位点,多态率达100%。遗传多样性分析表明有效等位基因数（Ne）为1.3429,平均Shannon＇s信息指数（I）为0.3687,Nei＇s基因多样性指数（H）为0.2267,种源的遗传分化指数Gst为0.1983;聚类分析结果表明9个种源在遗传距离0.100处聚为3类,聚类结果和地理距离之间呈现较高的相关性。本文的研究结果表明所建立的青钱柳种质资源库具有广泛的遗传多样性,为进一步的开发利用提供了条件。     

青钱柳愈伤组织增殖

为获得大量优质愈伤组织,以青钱柳(Cyclocarya paliurus)叶片为外植体诱导出的愈伤组织为材料,研究了基本培养基、蔗糖质量浓度、植物生长调节剂和镧稀土对愈伤组织增殖的影响。结果表明,综合愈伤组织增长率以及愈伤组织的颜色和状态因素,以MS基本培养基的增殖效果最佳;蔗糖质量浓度为20.00 g/L时愈伤组织增长率最高;植物生长调节剂对愈伤组织增殖的最佳组合为KT0.20 mg/L+2,4-D0.20 mg/L,平均增长量、增长率分别为4.38 g/瓶和1 024.51%。稀土对愈伤组织增殖的最佳质量浓度为0.50 mg/L。研究结果为进一步建立青钱柳悬浮培养体系和次生代谢调控的研究提供基础,同时也为青钱柳组培快繁技术的研究提供依据。     

青钱柳叶三萜大孔吸附树脂纯化工艺

为研究大孔吸附树脂纯化青钱柳三萜的工艺,筛选了适宜的大孔吸附树脂,并通过静态和动态的吸附与解吸试验,确定了纯化工艺参数。结果表明,在供试的3种大孔吸附树脂中,D-101型大孔吸附树脂适合分离青钱柳叶三萜,其吸附量和解吸率分别为57.5mg/g和96.51%;动态吸附青钱柳叶三萜时的最适宜进样流速与进样质量浓度分别为 2BV/h和1.5mg/mL;动态解吸时洗脱剂的最适宜体积分数与洗脱速度分别为50%乙醇和2BV/h。经大孔吸附树脂分离纯化后三萜的纯度是粗提物的4.1倍,得率为74.66%,表明D-101型大孔吸附树脂纯化青钱柳三萜效果较佳。     

杨树无性系微纤丝角的时空变异模式

应用X射线衍射法对 7个杨树无性系微纤丝角进行了测定。结果表明 ,7个无性系在胸径处的微纤丝角存在一定的差异 ,但差异未达显著水平 (α =0 0 5 )。 7个无性系胸径处微纤丝角平均值大小顺序为I- 72 >I- 6 9≥NL - 80 35 1>南林 - 1388>南林 - 895≥南林 - 4 4 7>南林 - 95 ,其中NL - 80 35 1、I - 6 9杨、I- 72杨与南林 - 95存在较明显差异 ,胸径处的微纤丝角均比南林 - 95杨约高出 30 %以上。杨树微纤丝角的径向变异规律为 :在幼龄阶段 (1～ 3年 )微纤丝角逐渐增大。此后又逐渐减小 ,多项式方程可较好地描述杨树微纤丝角的径向变异规律 (R2 =0 82 6 )。微纤丝角在株内纵向变异规律为同一年轮内微纤丝角变化呈“马鞍型” ,微纤丝角在树木基部最大 ,随着树高的增加逐渐减小 ,当树高到达 13 6m后 ,微纤丝角又开始增大。微纤丝角在株内纵向变异规律也可用多项式方程来描述 (R2=0 6 16 )。本研究结果可为杨树无性系的早期选育和杨树人工林定向培育提供理论依据。     

麻栎资源研究进展及开发利用对策

麻栎是我国传统的优良硬阔叶用材树种,也是一种重要的能源树种。从地理分布、生物学特性、苗木培育、造林经营管理和加工利用等方面总结了我国麻栎的研究进展,探讨了麻栎资源培育和开发利用存在的问题和今后研究的发展方向。     

Effects of site conditions and methods of cultivation on growth of sawtooth oak plantations

The effects of site conditions and cultivation on the growth of sawtooth oak (Quercus acutissima Carr.) plantations were evaluated at the Hongyashan forest farm, in Chuzhou City, Anhui Province, China. The results indicate that the position on the slope, the amount of gravel and the thickness of the soil were important factors in the growth of the sawtooth oak. Lower slope positions with small amounts of gravel and a thick soil were better for the growth of this species than middle slope positions with more gravel and a thin soil. Given the site conditions of the hilly and mountainous areas in Chuzhou City, the mixed Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.) and sawtooth oak forests did not improve forest productivity compared with pure sawtooth oak forests. Both urea and compound fertilizers promoted the growth of sawtooth oak, as did site preparation and intercropping. Two years after planting, the height growth of ordinary seedlings with a starting height of 0.6 m was higher than that of supper seedlings with a starting height of 1.0 m. Compared with planting, the early growth of the coppices was faster, but the later growth of the coppices was slower. __________ Translated from Journal of Fujian College of Forestry, 2008, 28(2): 130–135 [译自: 福建林学院学报]     

Variation of soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass in poplar plantations of different genotypes and stem spacings

To improve the productivity of poplar plantations, a field experiment of split-plot design with four tree spacings and three poplar clones was established, and four soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass were monitored in the trial.Soil enzyme activities, in most cases,were significantly higher in topsoil(0–10 cm) than in lower horizons(10–20 cm).Soil cellulase, catalase and protease activities during the growing season were higher than during the non-growing season, while invertase activity followed the opposite trend.Soil invertase, cellulase and catalase activities varied by poplar clone but soil protease activity did not.Cellulase and protease activities in the plantation at 5×5 m spacing were significantly higher than in the other spacings.The highest catalase activity was recorded at 6×6 m spacing.At the same planting density, invertase activity was greater in square spacings than in rectangular spacings.Soil microbial biomass was also significantly affected by seedling spacing and poplar clone.The mean soil MBC was significantly lower in topsoil than in the lower horizon, while MBN showed the opposite pattern.Significantly positive correlations were observed among soil cellulase, protease and catalase activities(p0.01), whereas soil invertase activity was negatively and significantly correlated with cellulase, protease and catalase activities(p0.01).Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities were not correlated except for a significantly negative correlation between soil MBC and catalase activities.Variations in soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass in different poplar plantations suggest that genotype and planting spacing should be considered when modeling soil nutrient dynamics and managing for long-term site productivity.