Therapeutic Intervention with Dietary Chitosan Nanoparticles Alleviates Fish Pathological and Molecular Systemic Inflammatory Responses against Infections

Marine bio-sourced chitosan nanoparticles (CSNP) are antimicrobial and immunomodulatory agents beneficial for fish medicine. Herein, dietary CSNP was investigated for the amelioration of the systemic inflammatory responses of an induced fish model. One hundred and forty-four rainbow trout were assigned to one pathogen-free and non-supplemented group (negative control), and three challenged groups: non-supplemented (positive control), CSNP-preventive, and CSNP-therapeutic. After a feeding experiment extended for 21 days, the organosomatic indices (OSI) and molecular aspects were assessed. After a challenge experiment extended for further 28 days, CSNP-therapeutic intervention was assessed on fish survival and systemic inflammatory responses on pathology, histo-morphology, and molecular aspects. With CSNP administration, OSI nonsignificantly decreased and the relative expression of targeted inflammatory-mediator genes was significantly increased. The CSNP-therapeutic fish showed an RPS of 80% as compared to the positive control group, and CSNP-therapeutic administration retained the highest gene expression augmentation up to 28 days after the challenge. Notably, the splenic reticulin fibers framework of the CSNP-therapeutic group retained the highest integrity among the groups during the infection. After recovery, reticulin fibers density in the CSNP-therapeutic samples was significantly higher than in the negative control group, which indicates high innate immunity. Thus, CSNP showed promising biotherapeutic features enhancing fish resistance against infections.     

树木根系分布与季节冻结滞水关系探讨

采用造林技术于冻结滞水理论技术相结合的方法,研究树木根系发育分布与冻结滞水的相关性,为防治荒漠,提高造林成活率提供理论技术依据,研究结果表明,苗木和高秆造林树木根系主要分布在地表以下20 cm~75 cm深度内,即冻结滞水富水带内,含水量达40%~50%,春季冻融水满足苗木生根成活的要求.80 cm~160 cm深度分贫水带,含水量〉5%,高杆造林树木根系极少.到160 cm~200 cm含水量增加,发育,第二层根系。冻结滞水资源是提高苗木成活率,生存繁的重要水资源。     

EIAV Rev蛋白拮抗eqTRIM5α介导的AP-1信号通路的机制研究

为探究马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)附属蛋白Rev负调控Tripartite motif-containing protein 5α(TRIM5α)介导的AP-1信号通路的机制,本研究将pEIAV-Rev-HA和pcDNA3.1质粒分别与含TRIM5α基因的质粒及pGL3-AP-1-Luc(AP-1报告质粒)共转染HEK 293T细胞,采用荧光素酶试验检测Rev对TRIM5α激活的AP-1信号通路的影响;将pEIAV-Rev-HA和pcDNA3.1质粒分别与含TAK1、TAB2、P38和c-Jun基因的质粒及pGL3-AP-1-Luc共转染HEK 293T细胞,采用荧光素酶试验检测Rev对TRIM5α下游转导分子(TAK1、TAB2、P38、c-Jun)激活的AP-1信号通路的影响;将pEIAV-Rev-HA和pcDNA3.1质粒分别与含TAK1、TAB2、P38基因的质粒共转染HEK293T细胞,利用western blot试验分别检测TAK1、TAB2、P38的表达水平;将pEIAV-Rev-HA和pcDNA3.1质粒分别与含P38基因的质粒共转染HEK 293T细胞后加入蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132,利用western blot检测P38蛋白的表达情况。结果显示,共转染EIAV-Rev-HA实验组中TRIM5α对AP-1的激活倍数为0.4,而共转染pcDNA3.1对照组中相应的激活倍数为26.0;共转染pEIAV-Rev-HA实验组中,TAK1、TAB2、P38和c-Jun对AP-1信号通路的激活倍数分别为7.7、0.1、0.6、9.8,而共转染pcDNA3.1对照组中对AP-1信号通路的激活倍数分别为60.0、1.5、6.3、12.0;转染pEIAV-Rev-HA+pP38-Flag组与转染pcDNA3.1+pP38-Flag组相比,前者P38蛋白的表达量显著降低;加入蛋白酶体抑制剂组则恢复了P38蛋白的表达。上述结果表明,EIAV Rev显著下调eqTRIM5α及其下游转导分子TAK1、TAB2、P38激活的AP-1信号通路,但不显著下调c-Jun激活的AP-1信号通路;EIAV Rev通过蛋白酶体途径降解P38蛋白的表达而抑制eqTRIM5α激活的AP-1信号通路。本研究结果为理解EIAV与宿主蛋白相互作用提供参考依据。     

我国西北地区苜蓿种子产业化发展优势与对策

我国西北地区发展苜蓿种子产业不仅具有得天独厚的资源优势,而且还具有较好的经济效益和巨大的生产潜力。由于长期对苜蓿种子生产不重视,苜蓿栽培历史虽然悠久,但迄今苜蓿种子生产同有形成较大规模的产业,种子商品化极低,种子生产资源优势还没有转变为经济优势,只有加快苜蓿种子产业化步伐,才能改变目前西北地区苜蓿种子生产的落后局面。     

微细木质粉尘静电除尘器的设计

近年来,随着人们对环境质量的要求逐渐提高,木材工业除尘日益得到重视。众所周知,木材工业是产生粉尘的大户,如不采取有效的除尘措施,产生的粉尘不但会造成极大的环境污染,而且还会对工人的身体健康、产品质量、设备的精度和使用年限及生产的安全造成危害。目前,在木材工业中,广泛采用的多是离心力除     

磁化水在农作物上应用的研究进展

针对磁化水对农业生产的影响,简述了国内外关于磁化水应用的研究动态和发展趋势,介绍了磁化水在促进作物种子萌发、增强抗逆性以及提高产量和改善品质方面的研究进展。     

蒙古口蘑担孢子萌发及初生菌丝生物学特性研究

以蒙古口蘑(Tricholoma mongolicum)为试材,采用光学显微镜观察担孢子及菌丝体形态的方法,研究了不同培养基对蒙古口蘑担孢子萌发及初生菌丝生长情况的影响。结果表明:蒙古口蘑担孢子呈肾形或椭圆形,大小约为(4~6)μm×(6~9)μm;担孢子在培养基上萌发出肉眼可见的微小菌落至少需要1周的时间;MS培养基中添加1.5g·L~(-1)酵母粉和1.5g·L~(-1)酸水解酪蛋白,对担孢子萌发有明显的促进作用;根据初生菌丝菌落生长速度和菌落形态等有关特征,发现有5种明显不同类型的初生菌丝,分别为菌丝绒毛型、菌丝贴生型、菌丝稀薄型、成簇生长型、缓慢生长型。另外,采用rDNA-ITS方法、PCR产物测序及NCBI-Blast比对,证明试验材料为蒙古口蘑。该试验提供了一种食用菌菌丝体直接PCR的方法,为进行有关食用菌DNA分子方面研究提供了便利;该研究结果可为蒙古口蘑担孢子交配型研究提供依据,为珍稀食用菌研究积累资料。     

残膜回收工艺和收膜机构

介绍了田间残膜的特性及机械化收膜工艺、残膜同收机中常用收膜机构的种类及工作特性，为残膜回收机的研究设计及主要工作部件结构的优化组合提供参考。     

仿形雕刻机的设计

木雕制品是对木材经过艺术构思后进行雕刻加工的一种工艺制品，可以用来装饰居室、殿堂、建筑，给人带来美及艺术的享受。随着人们生活水平的提高，该制品的需求量越来越大，产业前景非常好。为此，介绍了一种新型仿形雕刻机的结构和工作原理，利用该装备可以实现对木雕制品及木制品的仿形加工。     

Antimycotic Screening of 58 Malaysian Plants against Plant Pathogens

Ethanolic extracts of 58 Malaysian plants belonging to 24 different families were screened for antifungal activity against seven plant pathogens using the filter paper disc diffusion technique. Two varieties of Piper betle, showed strong activity against all the pathogens tested (Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium pallidoroseum, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium citrinum, Phomopsis caricae-papayae and Aspergillus niger), with inhibition diameters significantly (P<0·01) bigger than 2·5 mg ml⁻¹ prochloraz or 10 mg ml⁻¹ clotrimazole. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the ethanolic extracts of P. betle against these plant pathogens ranged between 0·01 mg ml⁻¹ and 1 mg ml⁻¹. Thirty-four other plants (Kucing gala, Limau batik, Bertholletia excelsa, Bixa orellana, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Cerbera odollam (fruits and leaves), Colocasia gigantea, Curcuma domestica, Curcuma manga, Derris eliptica, Elephantopus scaber, Eleusine indica, Eugenia polyantha, Euphorbia hirta, Euphorbia tirucalli, Gardenia florida, Hedyotis auricularia, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Juniperus chinensis (three varieties), Lawsonia inermis, Lecythis ollaria, Mentha arvensis, Mimusops elengi, Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus niruri, Piper nigrum, Piperomia pellucida, Pedilanthus tithymaloides, Polygonum minus, Spondias dulcis, Solanum nigrum, Tinospora tuberculata) showed selective antifungal activity, while 21 species were inactive.