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Development of an Indirect ELISA for the Detection of Antibodies against Peste-des-petits-ruminants Virus in Small Ruminants 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Balamurugan V Singh RP Saravanan P Sen A Sarkar J Sahay B Rasool TJ Singh RK 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(3):355-364
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, febrile, highly contagious and economically important viral disease of small
ruminants. A polyclonal antibody based indirect ELISA was developed for detection of antibodies to PPR virus in the serum
samples of goats and sheep using purified PPR viral antigen propogated in Vero cell culture. A threshold (cut-off) value was
set as twice the mean of the negative population based on the distribution of known negative serum samples in respect of PPR
virus antibodies in the test. A total of 1544 serum samples from goats and sheep were screened by indirect ELISA and competitive
ELISA. The indirect ELISA compared very well with competitive ELISA, with a high degree of specificity (95.09%) and sensitivity
(90.81%). When compared with virus neutralization test, the present assay had 100% specificity and 80% sensitivity. With serum
samples, the assay could clearly differentiate animals from the infected population from uninfected ones. These results suggest
that the indirect ELISA may be a good alternative tool to competitive ELISA for seroepidemiological surveys. 相似文献
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A computer algorithm has been developed to predict single-point drawbar performance of a tractor taking into account all the necessary variables during field operation. The performance of tractor–implement system with a single-point hitch involves the effect of a number of variables on the whole tractor–implement–soil system. Considering all these, the developed computer algorithm is able to predict the performance of whole operation. This model is capable of determining the maximum pull available in the given field condition and matches the performance of trailed implements, such as a disc harrow and two-axle trailer. The model was able to predict maximum load and slope climbing ability of tractor with single- and two-axle trailers under different conditions. It was predicted by the model that the maximum pull developed by a tractor is limited by gross traction in the soft soil whereas it was limited by the power available from the tractor in hard soil. The longitudinal stability of the tractor taken for analysis varied with hitch point position. Appropriate determination of disc harrow performance was possible using the developed model. 相似文献
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Hanuman Sahay Jat Pardeep Kumar Jhabar Mal Sutaliya Satish Kumar Yadvinder Singh 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(10):1370-1386
Continuous mono-cropping of rice-wheat (RW) system with conventional tillage (CT) based management practices have led to decline in soil health, groundwater table and farmers profit in north-west India. A medium-term (4 years) farmer’s participatory strategic research trial of basmati RW system was conducted to evaluate the effects of conservation agriculture (CA) based management practices on crop yields, water productivity, profitability and soil quality. Six treatments were compared varied in the cropping system, tillage, crop establishment and residue management. CA-based management under zero-till direct seeded rice-wheat-mungbean recorded 36% higher system yield than conventional till rice-wheat system (14.91 Mg ha?1). CA-based rice-wheat system and rice-wheat-mungbean system saved ~35% irrigation water compared to conventional RW system (2168 mm ha?1). Total water productivity (WPI+R) was improved by 67% with CA-based rice-wheat-mungbean system (0.90 kg grain m?3) over the conventional system. On system basis, 42% higher net return was recorded with CA-based rice-wheat-mungbean system compared to conventional system (USD 2570 ha?1). Mungbean integration in basmati RW system contributed 29% share in system net returns across the treatments. Soil chemical and biological properties were improved by ~40% and 150%, respectively, with CA-based management system. 相似文献
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A pot experiment was conducted to study the comparative effect of waste water (WW) and ground water (GW) alone and along with different nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) combinations (N0P0K0, N40P15K15, N60P30K30, N80P45K45) together with different levels of fly ash (FA) (FA0, FA10, FA20), to obtain a suitable combination of fertilizers, FA and water based on the growth, physiology, yield, and heavy metal contents of Brassica campestris cv. Pusa Gold. Results revealed that WW irrigation proved beneficial over GW. All the parameters increased in both levels of FA10 and FA20 along with three doses of NPK but FA at 20 t ha?1 proved better. The effect was more efficacious with both wastes together which makes NPK optimum at N60P30K30 instead of N80P45K45 treatment combinations and thereby lowered input of fertilizers. Therefore, utilization of these wastes may be recommended for the purpose of irrigation, soil amendment, and as a source of nutrients in augmenting the mustard yield. 相似文献
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Tagetes minuta is moderately adapted to a wide range of climate and due to its tolerance to larger salt, pH and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in soil it is considered to be a potential crop for salt‐affected soil. Its tolerance to adverse condition and association with halophilic microbes can combine to play a greater role in crop production and improvement in soil health. After screening, the potential phosphate‐solubilizing bacteria (PSB) RS‐1, RS‐2 and RS‐3 were isolated from sodic soils and tested in pot experiment using a naturally occurring sodic soil of pH 9.3 and an ESP of about 45. Under optimum conditions in the laboratory, these bacteria showed phosphorus solubilization potential in liquid medium containing tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Inoculation of PSB significantly increased plant growth in terms of height, number of branches, dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake. Significant changes were also found in content and quality of essential oil. It was observed that PSB also improved the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. The bacterial strains tested in this study have the potential for use as a biofertilizer in sustaining the growth of Tagetes minuta in salt stress soil and mitigating soil stress problems. 相似文献
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Palsaniya D. R. Kumar Sunil Das M. M. Kumar T. Kiran Kumar Sunil Chaudhary Manoj Chand Khem Rai S. K. Ahmed Akram Sahay C. S. Choudhary Mukesh 《Agroforestry Systems》2021,95(8):1619-1634
Agroforestry Systems - Integrated farming system (IFS) has been the way of life of agrarian people in semi-arid tropics (SAT) of India and other developing countries. However, there has been losing... 相似文献
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Anoop Kumar Dixit Rajiv Kumar Agrawal Sanjoy Kumar Das Chandra Shekhar Sahay Arvind Kumar Rai 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(4):492-506
Tillage is an important agricultural operation which influences soil properties, crop yield and environment. Nine combinations of three tillage practices including conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and zero tillage (ZT) were evaluated in fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) + cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) – wheat (Triticum durum) cropping system for 5 years (2009–2014) on clay loam soil under limited irrigation. Continuous ZT practices significantly improved surface soil organic carbon, bulk density, infiltration rate and maximum water holding capacity. Carbon sequestration rate, soil organic carbon stock and soil enzymatic activities were relatively more under ZT than CT-CT practice. Higher fodder yield of sorghum + cowpea was recorded with CT (kharif) while wheat grain yield with ZT (rabi). However, the system productivity was statistically similar in all the tillage treatments on pooled data basis. The economic benefits were also maximum under ZT-ZT practice. The ZT-ZT practice recorded significantly lowest energy input (17.1 GJ ha?1) which resulted in highest energy use efficiency (13.6) and energy productivity (518 kg GJ?1). Thus, adoption of ZT significantly improved soil health, stabilized crop yield, increased profitability and energy use efficiency in the semi-arid agro-ecosystem. 相似文献