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King JN Gunn-Moore DA Tasker S Gleadhill A Strehlau G;Benazepril in Renal Insufficiency in Cats Study Group 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(5):1054-1064
The objective of the study was to test the effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) benazepril in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A total of 192 cats with CKD with an initial plasma creatinine concentration > or = 2 mg/dL (> or = 177 micromol/L) and urine specific gravity < or = 1.025 were recruited into a double-blind, parallel-group, prospective, randomized clinical trial. Cats received daily (q24h) PO placebo (n = 96) or benazepril x HCl at a dosage of 0.5-1.0 mg/kg (n = 96) for up to 1,119 days. Most cats were fed exclusively a diet containing low amounts of phosphate, protein, and sodium. Benazepril produced a significant reduction in proteinuria, assessed by the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC, P = .005). This effect of benazepril was present in all subgroups tested, including cats with UPC <0.2, although the effect was largest in cats with higher UPCs. Plasma protein was maintained at higher concentrations with benazepril as compared with placebo during treatment in cats with initial UPC <1 (P = .038 versus P = .079 for all cats). There was no difference in renal survival time between the 2 groups when all 192 cats were compared. Mean +/- SD renal survival times were 637 +/- 480 days with benazepril and 520 +/- 323 days with placebo (P = .47). Mean +/- SD renal survival times in the 13 cats with initial UPC > or = 1 were 402 +/- 202 days with benazepril and 149 +/- 90 days with placebo (P = .27). Cats with initial UPC > or = 1 treated with benazepril had better appetite (P = .017) as compared with those treated with placebo. Benazepril was well tolerated. In conclusion, benazepril decreased proteinuria in cats with CKD. 相似文献
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Veiko Uri Krista Lõhmus Ivika Ostonen Hardi Tullus Renal Lastik Merit Vildo 《European Journal of Forest Research》2007,126(4):495-506
The above-ground biomass and production, below-ground biomass, nutrient (NPK) accumulation, fine roots and foliar characteristics
of a 8-year-old silver birch (Betula pendula) natural stand, growing on abandoned agricultural land in Estonia, were investigated. Total above-ground biomass and current
annual production after eight growing seasons was 31.2 and 11.9 t DM ha−1, respectively. The production of stems accounted for 62.4% and below-ground biomass accounted for 19.2% of the total biomass
of the stand. Carbon sequestration in tree biomass reaches roughly 17.5 t C ha−1 during the first 8 years. The biomass of the fine roots (d < 2 mm) was 1.7 ± 0.2 t DM ha−1 and 76.2% of it was located in the 20 cm topsoil layer. The leaf area index (LAI) of the birch stand was estimated as 3.7 m2 m−2 and specific leaf area (SLA) 15.0 ± 0.1 m2 kg−1. The impact of the crown layer on SLA was significant as the leaves are markedly thicker in the upper part of the crown compared
with the lower part. The short-root specific area (SRA) in the 30 cm topsoil was 182.9 ± 9.5 m2 kg−1, specific root length (SRL), root tissue density (RTD) and the number of short-root tips (>95% ectomycorrhizal) per dry mass
unit of short roots were 145.3 ± 8.6 m g−1, 58.6 ± 3.0 kg m−3 and 103.7 ± 5.5 tips mg−1, respectively. In August the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, accumulated in above ground biomass, was 192.6,
25.0 and 56.6 kg ha−1, respectively. The annual flux of N and P retranslocation from the leaves to the other tree parts was 57.2 and 3.7 kg ha−1 yr−1 (55 and 27%), respectively, of which 29.1 kg ha−1 N and 2.8 kg ha−1 P were accumulated in the above-ground part of the stand. 相似文献
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