Temporal pattern of locomotor activity recuperation after administration of propofol in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

The present study evaluates the organization and complexity of the temporal pattern of locomotion after an acute administration of propofol in Japanese quail by using traditional and fractal analysis. Birds were administered with propofol 0, 10, 20, 40 or 80 mg/kg. Ten min after administration, they were placed in an open-field apparatus and their locomotor activity was recorded during 45 min at a resolution of 0.5 s. A significant dose dependant increase in the latency to initiate ambulation was observed for doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg when compared to the control group. A rapid recuperation of normal locomotor activity was observed after sedation with 20 mg/kg. Birds administered with propofol 40 mg/kg showed signs of recuperation of normal locomotion after 30 and 40 min (males and females, respectively) of propofol administration, that was not observed in quail treated with propofol 80 mg/kg. Our results suggest that depending on the dose, propofol administration in quail may allow full locomotor recovery of a sedative/anesthetic dose as early as 30 min post-administration.     

Multiple glomus tumors of the urinary bladder in a cow associated with bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) infection

We report a case of multiple glomus tumors associated with bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) infection in the urinary bladder of a 13-year-old cow suffering from severe chronic enzootic hematuria. Macroscopically, multiple submucosal reddish nodules were seen swelling the vesical mucosa. Histologically, neoplastic proliferation was characterized by the presence of numerous blood vessels. These were lined by normal endothelial cells surrounded by round epithelioid cells with central nuclei, prominent nucleoli, acidophilic cytoplasm, and well-defined cytoplasmic borders. Tumor cells were distributed around open vascular lumina and in perivascular spaces. They were immunohistochemically positive for actin and vimentin and negative for cytokeratins, desmin, and factor VIII-related antigen. On the basis of these findings, this tumor was diagnosed as glomus tumor, a neoplasm not previously reported in cattle and exceedingly rare in animals. BPV-2 DNA was amplified from the formalin-fixed, paraffin-processed tissue specimens obtained by laser capture microdissection. This report widens the spectrum of mesenchymal tumors of the bovine urinary bladder. Finally, the microscopic pattern of tumor described here shares striking morphologic and immunohistochemical similarities with the angiomatous form of glomus tumor known to occur in man.     

Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values

A common assumption is that ecosystem services respond linearly to changes in habitat size. This assumption leads frequently to an "all or none" choice of either preserving coastal habitats or converting them to human use. However, our survey of wave attenuation data from field studies of mangroves, salt marshes, seagrass beds, nearshore coral reefs, and sand dunes reveals that these relationships are rarely linear. By incorporating nonlinear wave attenuation in estimating coastal protection values of mangroves in Thailand, we show that the optimal land use option may instead be the integration of development and conservation consistent with ecosystem-based management goals. This result suggests that reconciling competing demands on coastal habitats should not always result in stark preservation-versus-conversion choices.     

Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 expression in urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder in cows

Bovine urinary bladder tumors occur frequently in animals suffering from chronic enzootic hematuria because of prolonged ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium spp.). Cyclooxygenase (COX) genes (COX-1 and COX-2) are known to be involved in the carcinogenesis of human and some animal urothelial tumors. The aim of the present study was to investigate COX-1 and COX-2 expression by immunohistochemical methods in 20 bovine urothelial carcinomas collected at public slaughterhouses from cows that had been suffering from chronic enzootic hematuria. COX-1 immunostaining was identified intracytoplasmically in normal urothelium and in 15 of 20 neoplastic specimens. COX-1 immunosignal in the tumor cells was either absent or weak. COX-2 was also expressed intracytoplasmically in 17 of 20 urothelial carcinomas. Moderate to intense COX-2 labeling was detected in both noninvasive and invasive urothelial carcinomas. Coexpression of both enzyme isoforms was also revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopic investigations. This study indicates that COX-2 is overexpressed in naturally occurring urothelial carcinomas of cows.     

A Comparison Between Thrombocytes and Monocyte-Macrophages in Salmo gairdneri Richardson: A Cytoenzymatic Evaluation

Fish leukocyte heterogenity with respect to morphology, morphometry and immunological function has been object of some controversy, mostly because, in lower vertebrates, there are several interspecies differences. Leukocyte enzyme cytochemistry permits cellular differentiation, which is otherwise not possible with routine stains, and may also indicate cell function. In fish, phagocytic performance is principally operated by monocyte-macrophages (MØ) present in tissues and in circulating blood. Fish thrombocytes (FTHR), even if they are the equivalent of platelets in mammals, are complete cells with cytoplasm and nucleus. They vary in shape from round, like small lymphocytes, to spindle-shaped or rod-shaped cells. Several cytochemical methods, as periodic acid Schiff (PAS), naphthol chloroacetate esterase (ASD), α-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), peroxidase (PEROX), acid phosphatase (Ac. Phos.) with and without tartaric acid (ta) and alkaline phosphatase (Alk. Phos.) have been applied in Salmo gairdneri Richardson to investigate the expression of MØ and FTHR enzyme patterns. Here, we compared cytochemistry between fish MØ and FTHR, and between human MØ and platelets/megakaryocytes, respectively, as indicated in the table. It appears that positivity to some enzyme cytochemistry is phylogenetically maintained in MØ, while in FTHR the enzyme pattern has undergone modification during evolution. For instance, this is the case of ANAE, Ac. Phos. and Alk. Phos., which changed in the phylogenesis, while PAS, AS-D, PEROX are still present in the evolution.
 

     

9.

The Formation of Tidal Creeks in a Salt Marsh: New Evidence from the Loyola Bay Salt Marsh,Rio Gallegos Estuary,Argentina     

Perillo  Gerardo M. E.  Ripley  Mark D.  Piccolo  M. Cintia  Dyer  Keith R. 《Mangroves and Salt Marshes》1996,1(1):37-46

A mechanism is proposed for the Formation of tidal creeks in salt marshes which is exemplified by the marshes of the Rio Gallegos estuary, Argentina. It has been observed that salt pans are elongated in the mean wind direction and are likely to extend by wave erosion of the surrounding marshes. Interconnection between the pans leads to growth and interaction with existing creeks and channels. Tidal exchange of the waters then promotes further erosion, or subsequently to filling in by the introduced suspended sediment. This mechanism contrasts with headward erosion by existing creeks.     

10.

Spontaneous schwannoma in zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton)     

Marino F  Lanteri G  Rapisarda G  Perillo A  Macrì B 《Journal of fish diseases》2012,35(3):239-242

     

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The Formation of Tidal Creeks in a Salt Marsh: New Evidence from the Loyola Bay Salt Marsh,Rio Gallegos Estuary,Argentina

A mechanism is proposed for the Formation of tidal creeks in salt marshes which is exemplified by the marshes of the Rio Gallegos estuary, Argentina. It has been observed that salt pans are elongated in the mean wind direction and are likely to extend by wave erosion of the surrounding marshes. Interconnection between the pans leads to growth and interaction with existing creeks and channels. Tidal exchange of the waters then promotes further erosion, or subsequently to filling in by the introduced suspended sediment. This mechanism contrasts with headward erosion by existing creeks.