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1.
Taenia solium oncosphere antigens induce immunity in pigs against experimental cysticercosis 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Verastegui M Gilman RH Gonzales A Garcia HH Gavidia C Falcon N Bernal T Arana Y Tsang VC;Cysticercosis Working Group In Peru 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,108(1):49-62
Immunity to Taenia solium infection was investigated using an experimental intramuscular oncosphere infection assay (IMOA) model in pigs. Three naturally infected pigs with cysticercosis were treated with oxfendazole (OFZ), a drug demonstrated to kill cysts in porcine muscle. These animals were then challenged with oncospheres but did not develop any cysts while three uninfected pigs that were similarly challenged, did develop intramuscular cysts. In another study, two groups of three pigs each were immunized with crude T. solium oncosphere and metacestode antigens, respectively, and tested with the IMOA. Immunization with crude oncosphere antigens (OAs) induced 100% protection, while metacestode antigens provided only partial protection. Immunoblots showed that pigs with complete immune protection to oncosphere intramuscular challenge had antibodies to two OAs at 31.3 and 22.5 kDa, respectively. Antibody to these two antigens was absent in pigs immunized with metacestodes or in uninfected control pigs. This study demonstrated the presence of two antigens that are unique to the oncosphere. Although, antibody to these two antigens is consistently present in pigs that are protected from an oncosphere intramuscular challenge their role in preventing infection by T. solium larval cysts is still hypothetical. 相似文献
2.
This paper presents results of survey research into the role of the forestry nursery sector in the development of smallholder
forestry in Leyte, Philippines. Seedling production in the province is basically carried out by three categories of nurseries:
individual, communal and the government. Seedlings in the government nurseries are primarily raised for free distribution
to landholders but the extension scheme fails to reach the majority of the smallholder farmers. Seedling demand of landholders
is mostly catered for by the more numerous and accessible individual and communal nurseries. However, problems of capital
outlay, sources and supply of germplasm, technical knowledge in nursery management for both timber and fruit trees and low
sales are among the major impediments in the sustainability of small-scale nurseries. Most of the communal nurseries fail
to sustain the operation after the withdrawal of supporting agencies. Knowledge on site-species matching is needed not only
by small-scale nursery operators but also by the managers of government nurseries. It is concluded that the seedling industry
in the province is not well established and there is a need to organise better the overall nursery system so as to improve
the availability of seedlings and promote appropriate site and species combinations. 相似文献
3.
Rotacio S. Gravoso Nestor O. Gregorio Maria Anabelle D. Gerona Moises Neil V. Seri?o Steve R. Harrison Herville V. Pajaron Jayson V. Godoy 《Small-Scale Forestry》2011,10(4):473-488
Through a series of workshops with the stakeholders including nursery operators, tree farmers, staff of the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, local government units and the academe, a forestry seedling nursery accreditation policy
was developed. The resulting policy was subsequently implemented by the municipal government of Palompon, Leyte. The accreditation
policy encouraged nursery operators to follow smallholder-based best management practices for tree nurseries. Implementation
of the nursery accreditation policy improved farmers’ knowledge and skills in the production of high quality seedlings, encouraged
adoption of BMP for forest nurseries, provided additional source of income for the farmers, enabled members of the groups
operating the communal nursery to forge closer relationship with each other, encouraged utilization of farmers’ free time
in productive activities, developed farmers’ confidence in producing high quality planting materials, and gained for the farmers
favourable attention from various organizations and groups. The Bennett’s hierarchy of project outcomes showed that the implementation
of accreditation scheme achieved high levels of outcomes, indicating that it led to substantial improvements in the lives
of the farmers. 相似文献
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To evaluate the influence of mass of ruminal contents on voluntary intake and ruminal function, five ruminally cannulated steers (550 kg) were fed an orchard grass hay diet ad libitum in a 5 x 5 Latin square experiment. The mass of ruminal contents was altered by adding varying weights of modified tennis balls to the rumen before the initiation of each 15-d experimental period. Treatments consisted of 50 balls with a specific gravity of 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, or 1.4; the total weight of the balls was 7.45, 8.50, 9.25, 10.55, and 11.55 kg, respectively. Increasing the specific gravity of the balls added to the rumen decreased DMI and particle passage rate (P < 0.05) in a linear manner. A second experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of mass of ruminal contents on voluntary intake and ruminal function of both forage and concentrate diets. Five ruminally cannulated steers (580 kg) were fed a 70% concentrate (DM basis) or an orchardgrass hay diet ad libitum in a 5 x 5 Latin square experiment. The mass of ruminal contents was altered as in the first experiment. Treatments consisted of 0 balls added to the rumen of steers fed concentrate diet (control), 75 balls with a specific gravity of 1.1 given to steers fed a concentrate diet, 75 balls with a specific gravity of 1.4 given to steers fed a concentrate diet, 75 balls with a specific gravity of 1.1 given to steers fed a hay diet, and 75 balls with a specific gravity of 1.4 given to steers fed hay diet. The addition of balls to the rumen of steers fed the concentrate diet decreased DMI (P < 0.05) compared with the 0-ball treatment, and increasing specific gravity of balls also decreased DMI (P < 0.01) for both concentrate and hay diets. Adding balls to the rumen of steers fed the concentrate diet decreased particle passage rate (P < 0.05), whereas increasing specific gravity of balls decreased particle passage rate for both concentrate and hay diet. The results of this study suggest that the density of ruminal digesta can have an influence on voluntary intake of both forage and concentrate diets. 相似文献
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For better comparison of selectivity characteristics of clay and fine silt fractions sorption isotherms standardized on the cation exchange capacity (CEC) are useful. Due to the effect of the CEC on the sorption isotherms, it is necessary to characterize the exchanging substance with regard to different ion selectivities with standardized potassium/calcium‐(K/Ca) sorption isotherms. This procedure helps to complete the knowledge about the mineralogical composition, which is obtained by X‐ray powder diffractometry. A Haplic Luvisol from boulder marl shows distinct differences in its K selectivity both between different particle size fractions and different horizons. This is partly due to the presence of smectites and vermiculites which are differently distributed within the particle size fractions. The increase of K selectivity with increasing particle diameter in the calcareous C horizon can be attributed to the marginal expansion of mica/illite by Ca2+ ions. The K selectivity of individual particle size fractions in different horizons of a Gleyic Cambisol from glacial sand shows major similarities. If pedogenic chlorite is formed, no changes in selectivity characteristics can be observed. 相似文献
9.
Eduardo Padilla-Camberos Carla P. Barragán-Álvarez Nestor E. Diaz-Martinez Vineet Rathod José Miguel Flores-Fernández 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2018,73(1):34-39
Obesity affects millions of people worldwide, constituting a public health problem associated with premature mortality. Agave fructans decrease fat mass, body and liver weight, and generate satiety in rodents. In the present study the effects of agave fructans on weight control, lipid profile, and physical tolerability were evaluated in obese people. Twenty-eight obese volunteers were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, 96 mg/bw of agave fructans was administered for 12 weeks; in the second group, maltodextrin as a placebo was administered for 12 weeks. All participants consumed a low-calorie diet of 1500 kcal/day. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were taken at baseline and at the end of the study. The body mass index (BMI) of the agave fructans treated group was reduced significantly from the baseline to the final measurements. Hip and waist circumferences decreased statistically in both groups. A decrease of 10% in total body fat was observed in the agave fructans treated group, resulting in a statistically significant difference in the final versus baseline measurements between the Agave fructans treated group and the placebo treated group. Triglycerides were reduced significantly in the agave fructans treated group. Glucose values did not change in either group. Agave fructans intake was safe and well tolerated throughout the study. The results showed that the ingestion of agave fructans enhanced the decrease in BMI, the decrease in total body fat, and the decrease in triglycerides in obese individuals who consume a low-calorie diet. 相似文献
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