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排序方式: 共有94条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Ikuo Ota 《Small-Scale Forestry》2002,1(1):25-37
About 80% of annual wood fiber consumption in Japan is imported. Even though most of the land surface is covered by forests
in Japan, the domestic forestry and forest industry are threatened by such imports flooding the local market. Fragmented land
ownership, steep terrain, rapid growth of weeds, and high labor costs have all contributed to the decline of domestic forestry.
Further, the purchasing power of the Japanese Yen has become very strong in recent years, and the decreasing prices of imported
timber have depressed the prices of domestic timber, eroding profitability and discouraging small-scale forestry. In spite
of these difficult circumstances, there are several interesting new developments in Japanese forestry. One is the revision
of the Basic Forestry Law of 1964, through which the Japanese government is steering forest policy from timber production towards environmental services.
Because of this change, new ways to assist rural forestry activities will become available in the near future. Another change
is the certification movement, where recent examples of Japanese companies acquiring ISO 14001 and Forest Stewardship Council
(FSC) forest certifications provide hope to depressed domestic forestry activities. In particular, FSC group certification
is useful in motivating small-scale forest owners to implement and maintain sustainable forestry practices.
This paper is based on the presentation at IUFRO Group 3.08.00 Symposium at Joensuu, Finland 2001. The original article, ‘The
economic situation of small-scale forestry in Japan’, is in Niskanen and Vayrynen (2001). 相似文献
2.
Hidenori Tozuka Michikazu Ota Hisayoshi Kofujita Kouetsu Takahashi 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(1):48-59
The protected structure of -oxoacteoside (tomentoside A), 2-oxo-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl--l-rhamnopyranosyl)-4-O-caffeoyl--d-glucopyranoside 14 was synthesized in 14% overall yield in 11 steps, starting from d-glucose for biological and medicinal studies of phenylpropanoid glycosides. The first step was the preparation of a 3-O-rhamnopyranosyl disaccharide sugar core 2 from a suitably protected rhamnosyl trichloroacetimidate 10 and glucose derivative (diacetone-d-glucose 1) in 71% yield. To the glucose moiety of this sugar core, several protection/deprotection procedures were performed sequentially to obtain a fully acetylated sugar core 7 with a 4-OH group on the glucose moiety, in 57% yield in five steps. Thereafter, to the 4-OH group of the glucose moiety, selective 4-O-caffeoylation was achieved by proton-transfer esterification with 3,4-di-O-allylcaffeic acid 16 to give the caffeoyl disaccharide 11 in 97% yield. Then, it was converted to trichloroacetimidate 13 for a glycosylation donor in 90% in two steps. Finally, anomeric glycosylation was conducted with 2-oxo-2-(3,4-di-allyloxyphenyl)ethyl alcohol 19 with catalytic amounts of BF3·Et2O to give 2-oxo-2-(3,4-di-allyloxyphenyl)ethyl 2,6-di-O-acetyl-3-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl--l-rhamnopyranosyl)-4-O-(3,4-di-allyloxycaffeoyl)--d-glucopyranoside 14 in 60% yield. Deprotected intermediates of compounds 2, 11, 14, and 19 which were obtained in high yield would be useful for biological and medicinal studies of phenylpropanoid glycosides.Part of this study was presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, April, 2002 相似文献
3.
4.
Ikuo Ota 《Small-Scale Forestry》2006,5(1):111-125
Yusuhara Forest Owners’ Cooperative (YFOC) in Kochi Prefecture in Japan received its forest management certification from
the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) in 2000. YFOC is recognised as the resource manager of its members’ forests, and they
were the first organisation to gain such certification in Japan. With the continuous efforts of selling FSC certified wood
in the domestic housing construction market, YFOC has substantially increased their timber sales in recent years. It is a
noteworthy event in Japanese small-scale forestry, which has been struggling with declining economic performance for many
years. This paper analyses the detail of forestry activities and changes which occurred in YFOC after certification by FSC.
An interesting effect of increasing economic performance is found to have come from an unexpected direction. It is concluded
that the FSC certification system is a possible tool to revitalise Japanese small-scale forestry as well as obtain favourable
environmental outcomes. 相似文献
5.
Yuko Ota Megumi K. Kimura Tsutomu Hattori Yurika Miyuki Ryota Endo 《Journal of Forest Research》2016,21(2):105-109
Trunk rot, caused by Fomitiporia torreyae, is one of the most economically important sap rot diseases on Cryptomeria japonica, especially on a cutting cultivar ‘Sanbu-sugi’. This disease had been reported only from Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures in Japan; however, a similar trunk rot on Japanese cedars was found recently in Kyoto prefecture. We identified the causal agent of the trunk rot on Japanese cedars in Kyoto prefecture, clarified the genotype of ‘Sanbu-sugi’ (sensu stricto) using microsatellite markers, and then investigated the relatedness of these infected cedars with ‘Sanbu-sugi’. The pathogen was identified as F. torreyae by its DNA sequences and morphological characteristics of the fruiting body. The 25 ramets of ‘Sanbu-sugi’ had only one genotype based on eight microsatellite loci. Infected Japanese cedars in Kyoto were comprised of different genotypes and showed no close relatedness to ‘Sanbu-sugi’. This is the first report of trunk rot caused by F. torreyae on cultivars of Japanese cedar with no relatedness to ‘Sanbu-sugi’ outside of Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures and showed the potential for expansion of this disease to Japanese cedar plantations in other areas. 相似文献
6.
Policies Affecting Forestry Entrepreneurship 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anssi Niskanen Anders Lunnan Ikuo Ota Keith Blatner John Herbohn Lyndall Bull Ian Ferguson Gordon M. Hickey 《Small-Scale Forestry》2007,6(3):233-255
Many demand and supply-side policies impede or foster forestry entrepreneurship. A study was conducted to consolidate existing knowledge on policies influencing forestry entrepreneurship
in Finland, Norway, Japan, Australia, the Philippines and the USA, and to draw conclusions on these impeding and fostering
factors. From the country studies it was difficult to find common structures on policies affecting forestry entrepreneurship.
This is understandable because most policies in forestry are aimed at supporting sustainable forest management, wood production
and ecological services of the forests rather than entrepreneurship as such. Despite the high variety of policies applied
in the study countries, it can be concluded that strict public control on forests’ use and management potentially impedes
forestry entrepreneurship. While these policies assist to correct market failure and to promote sustainability of forest management,
they may also result into unnecessary and ineffective regulations that limit the opportunities for forestry entrepreneurship.
A common feature promoting the demand for forestry entrepreneurship in some of the countries studied is the strong emphasis
on forestry cooperatives, which were important institutions to support small-scale forestry entrepreneurship. In many study
countries, different ad hoc programs are implemented to find new economic and entrepreneurial opportunities aside from the
current use of wood and forests. Subsidies and tax incentives are commonly applied to reduce risks from making forestry investments
or otherwise increase the economic return from timber production. 相似文献
7.
Tetsuji Ota Tsuyoshi Kajisa Nobuya Mizoue Shigejiro Yoshida Gen Takao Yasumasa Hirata Naoyuki Furuya Takio Sano Raul Ponce-Hernandez Oumer S. Ahmed Heng Sokh Vuthy Ma Eriko Ito Jumpei Toriyama Yukako Monda Hideki Saito Yoshiyuki Kiyono Sophal Chann Nang Ket 《Journal of Forest Research》2015,20(6):484-492
8.
Ota Erika do Carmo Cardoso Claudia Andrea Lima Inoue Luis Antonio Kioshi Aoki Zanon Ricardo Basso Silva Tarcila Souza de Castro 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2022,48(3):735-748
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry - The present study was carried out to evaluate the genotoxic potential of nutritional quality of feed, using erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities assay in Nile... 相似文献
9.
Ota T Itoh A Tachi H Kudoh K Watanabe T Yamamoto Y Tadokoro T Maekawa A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(15):6112-6116
Morphiceptin (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-NH(2)), tetrapeptide, was synthesized using dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DP IV, EC 3.4.14.5) derived from Aspergillus oryzae RIB 915 as a catalyst. Tyr-Pro-OEt was incubated with Phe-Pro-NH(2) in the presence of DP IV under various conditions of temperature, concentrations of ethylene glycol, pH, reaction time, and others. Morphiceptin was obtained at 40% yield under the optimal reaction conditions: substrate, 4 mM Tyr-Pro-OEt.HCl and 20 mM Phe-Pro-NH(2).HCl; enzyme, DP IV, 0.275 nkat; solvent, 60% ethylene glycol containing 20 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.0; amine, 4.2 mM diisopropylamine at 4 degrees C for 24 h. Amino group protection was unnecessary for synthesis of morphiceptin by DP IV. 相似文献
10.
Setoyama K Ota H Miura N Fujiki M Misumi K Sakamoto H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(6):499-503
Milrinone, a therapeutic agent for acute congestive heart failure, has both inotropic and vasodilatory effects, but investigations of these effects of milrinone were almost all conducted under normoxia, and few reports have investigated how milrinone affects the hemodynamics and redistribution of regional blood flow under severe hypoxia. By using colored microspheres, we investigated how milrinone affects hemodynamics and the redistribution of regional blood flow under severe hypoxia. Twelve healthy mongrel dogs were divided into 2 groups. The milrinone group was infused with milrinone cumulatively at 25, 75 and 250 microg/kg for 5 min each. The intact group was infused with saline instead of milrinone. We measured the hemodynamics and cerebrum, cerebellum and kidney blood flow in both groups. Both groups were inspired with 10% oxygen. Milrinone induced significant decrease in mean pulmonary artery and pulmonary vascular resistance, compared with the intact group. In both groups slight decreases in mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance and double-product were seen. In regional blood flow, milrinone-induced increases in blood flow were seen in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and especially in the kidneys. Milrinone's vasodilatory effects were sufficient even under hypoxia. And milrinone increased regional blood flow slightly in the cerebrum and cerebellum, and significantly in the kidneys. These results suggested that milrinone protects against hypoxia-induced organ damage especially in the kidneys. In addition, milrinone is very potent in improving severe congested hemodynamics which complicates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. 相似文献