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排序方式: 共有60条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Joo Carlos de Moraes S Lucien Sguy Florent Tivet Rattan Lal Serge Bouzinac Paulo Rogrio Borszowskei Clever Briedis Josiane Burkner dos Santos Daiani da Cruz Hartman Clayton Giani Bertoloni Jadir Rosa Theodor Friedrich 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2015,26(6):531-543
The continuous use of plowing for grain production has been the principal cause of soil degradation. This project was formulated on the hypothesis that the intensification of cropping systems by increasing biomass‐C input and its biodiversity under no‐till (NT) drives soil restoration of degraded agro‐ecosystem. The present study conducted at subtropical [Ponta Grossa (PG) site] and tropical regions [Lucas do Rio Verde, MT (LRV) site] in Brazil aimed to (i) assess the impact of the continuous plow‐based conventional tillage (CT) on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock vis‐à‐vis native vegetation (NV) as baseline; (ii) compare SOC balance among CT, NT cropping systems, and NV; and (iii) evaluate the redistribution of SOC stock in soil profile in relation to soil resilience. The continuous CT decreased the SOC stock by 0·58 and 0·67 Mg C ha−1 y−1 in the 0‐ to 20‐cm depth at the PG and LRV sites, respectively, and the rate of SOC sequestration was 0·59 for the PG site and ranged from 0·48 to 1·30 Mg C ha−1 y−1 for the LRV site. The fraction of C input by crop residues converted into SOC stock was ~14·2% at the PG site and ~20·5% at the LRV site. The SOC resilience index ranged from 0·29 to 0·79, and it increased with the increase in the C input among the NT systems and the SOC sequestration rates at the LRV site. These data support the hypothesis that NT cropping systems with high C input have a large potential to reverse the process of soil degradation and SOC decline. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Tiphaine Dubos Matias Pasquali Friederike Pogoda Lucien Hoffmann Marco Beyer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,130(2):239-248
A collection of 55 Fusarium graminearum (Gibberella zeae) strains isolated between 1969 and 2009 in Belgium, Canada, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, or the USA belonging to the three
known chemotypes (3-acetylated deoxynivalenol, 15-acetylated deoxynivalenol and nivalenol) were screened for their sensitivity
towards the fungicide trifloxystrobin using a liquid culture assay. None of the isolates was completely inhibited by trifloxystrobin
concentrations up to 3 mM. For comparison, prothioconazole completely inhibited fungal growth of a standard isolate at concentrations
as low as 0.007 mM. The maximum level of inhibition, which could be obtained by trifloxystrobin, ranged from 14 to 65% among
the strains tested and was not significantly affected by the country of origin or by the chemotype. The absence of significant
differences in resistance levels between the countries of origin and chemotypes as well as the fact that strains isolated
before the market introduction of strobilurins in 1996 also showed a high level of resistance is evidence that this is largely
a case of natural resistance and not primarily related to strobilurin use in agriculture. 相似文献
4.
Effects of garlic powders with varying alliin contents on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Le Bon AM Vernevaut MF Guenot L Kahane R Auger J Arnault I Haffner T Siess MH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(26):7617-7623
The anticarcinogenic effect of garlic has been demonstrated in both epidemiologic and experimental studies. In this study, possible mechanisms involved in the anticarcinogenic effect of garlic consumption were assessed by determining its capacity to alter drug metabolizing enzymes, in relation with its alliin content. Rats were fed a diet for 2 weeks containing 5% garlic powders produced from bulbs grown on soils with different levels of sulfate fertilization and therefore containing differing amounts of alliin. Activities of several hepatic enzymes, which are important in carcinogen metabolism such cytochromes P450 (CYP) and phase II enzymes, were determined. Garlic consumption slightly increased ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and CYP 1A2 levels. In contrast, garlic consumption decreased CYP 2E1 activity and the level of the corresponding isoform. UDP glucuronosyl transferase and glutathion S-transferase activities were increased by garlic powders. The alliin content of the garlic powders was positively correlated with UGT activity although not with other activities. Effects produced by garlic consumption were qualitatively similar to that of diallyl disulfide, a sulfur compound that has been extensively studied. These data could partially explain the chemoprotective effect of garlic. 相似文献
5.
Andreas Krein Merce Salvia-Castellvi Jean Francois Iffly Laurent Pfister Lucien Hoffmann 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,182(1-4):357-368
Runoff events were analysed in separated sewer systems in the town of Luxembourg. The relationships between Event Mean Concentrations of different pollutants and runoff patterns were evaluated. In addition, the inter-storm and intra-storm variability of the material transport were determined. Primarily, the variations in pollutant concentrations and loads are determined by the antecedent weather conditions. The presence of illicit sanitary inputs in one of the sewers produced a significant first flush effect as well as higher Event Mean Concentrations for pollutants. Furthermore, near the town of Trier 40 storms were analyzed in a small natural basin mainly influenced by runoff from a separated sewer system. Natural and artificial storm events were investigated in order to estimate the relationship between the pollutant sources in the channel and from the separated sewer system. Just like in the canalization of Luxembourg City the pollutant dynamics during natural storms are strongly influenced by pre-event hydrological conditions. The artificial storms behave differently. Despite little pre-rain, the maximum concentrations of toxic substances are comparatively low. A resuspension of sediment only occurs in the natural channel system, without the introduction of fines from the sewer system. 相似文献
6.
Mama KR Wagner AE Steffey EP Kollias-Baker C Hellyer PW Golden AE Brevard LF 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(6):1002-1007
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of xylazine and ketamine for total i.v. anesthesia in horses. ANIMALS: 8 horses. PROCEDURE: Anesthetic induction was performed on 4 occasions in each horse with xylazine (0.75 mg/kg, i.v.), guaifenesin (75 mg/kg, i.v.), and ketamine (2 mg/kg, i.v.). Intravenous infusions of xylazine and ketamine were then started by use of 1 of 6 treatments as follows for which 35, 90, 120, and 150 represent infusion dosages (microg/kg/min) and X and K represent xylazine and ketamine, respectively: X35 + K90 with 100% inspired oxygen (O2), X35 + K120-(O2), X35 + K150-(O2), X70 + K90-(O2), K150-(O2), and X35 + K120 with a 21% fraction of inspired oxygen (ie, air). Cardiopulmonary measurements were performed. Response to a noxious electrical stimulus was observed at 20, 40, and 60 minutes after induction. Times to achieve sternal recumbency and standing were recorded. Quality of sedation, induction, and recovery to sternal recumbency and standing were subjectively evaluated. RESULTS: Heart rate and cardiac index were higher and total peripheral resistance lower in K150-(O2) and X35 + K120-air groups. The mean arterial pressure was highest in the X35 + K120-air group and lowest in the K150-(O2) group (125 +/- 6 vs 85 +/- 8 at 20 minutes, respectively). Mean Pa(O2) was lowest in the X35 + K120-air group. Times to sternal recumbency and standing were shortest for horses receiving K150-(O2) (23 +/- 6 minutes and 33 +/- 8 minutes, respectively) and longest for those receiving X70 + K90-(O2) (58 +/- 28 minutes and 69 +/- 27 minutes, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Infusions of xylazine and ketamine may be used with oxygen supplementation to maintain 60 minutes of anesthesia in healthy adult horses. 相似文献
7.
Many studies have been undertaken in rodents to study the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE). Only a few studies have focused on the pathogenesis of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and scrapie in their natural hosts. In this review, we summarize the most recent insights into the pathogenesis of BSE and scrapie starting from the initial uptake of TSE agents and crossing of the gut epithelium. Following replication in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), TSE agents spread to the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the gut. Infection is then carried through the efferent fibers of the post-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system to the pre-ganglionic neurons in the medulla oblongata of the brain and the thoracic segments of the spinal cord. The differences between the pathogenesis of BSE in cattle and scrapie in sheep are discussed as well as the possible existence of additional pathogenetic routes. 相似文献
8.
An unusual case of feline acute corneal hydrops: atypical disease presentation and possible in vivo detection of Descemet's membrane detachment in the cat's unaffected eye
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A 1‐year‐old, female spayed, domestic shorthair cat presented for blepharospasm of the right eye. Slit‐lamp biomicroscopic examination showed focal corneal ulceration and presumptive keratomalacia of the right eye. Examination of the left eye was normal apart from a focal endothelial opacity. Within the first 24 h of medical management, the right eye developed marked corneal edema and globular anterior protrusion of the corneal surface consistent with feline acute corneal hydrops (FACH). Surgical management consisted of a bridge conjunctival graft, nictitating membrane flap, and temporary tarsorrhaphy. Resolution of corneal edema and pain occurred in the right eye within 24 days. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) of the anterior segment was performed in both eyes. Conjunctival tissue from the bridge graft precluded examination of deeper corneal structures in the right eye. The left eye displayed a focal separation of the corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane from the overlying stroma. These SD‐OCT findings are similar to the analogous syndrome found in humans and represent a potential etiology for FACH of the right eye in the case presented here. Unfortunately, the cat was lost to follow‐up and the progression of this lesion to FACH in the left eye could not be determined. 相似文献
9.
Adil E Bala Albert Kollmann Paul-Henri Ducrot Amel Majira Lucien Kerhoas Robert Delorme Jacques Einhorn 《Pest management science》1999,55(2):206-208
Resveratrol and its oligomers: ε-viniferine, gnetin C, Pallidol and gnetin E, as well as three new dehydrodimers, cyphostemmines A–C, have been isolated from the roots of Cyphostemma crotalarioides (Ampelidaceae). Such compounds have not been reported previously in the family Ampelidaceae. Cis ε-viniferin has also been characterized as a minor component of the extract; it may have undergone partial transformation in solution into trans ε-viniferin. ©1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
10.
Adil E
A Bala Robert Delorme Albert Kollmann Lucien Kerhoas Jacques Einhorn Paul-Henri Ducrot Danielle Aug 《Pest management science》1999,55(7):745-750
A methanol extract of roots of Lasiosiphon kraussianus (Meisn) (Thymelaeaceae) showed potent insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii (Glov) and Drosophila melanogaster (Meig). Bioassay-driven fractionation of this extract led to the isolation and characterisation of two known daphnane diterpenoids: Excoecaria toxin (1) and wikstrotoxin D (2) . The two natural products were inferior to methomyl in activity against A gossypii and Myzus persicae (Sulz) in contact assays but were superior in ingestion assays against D melanogaster. This is the first report on insecticidal activities of compounds 1 and 2 . AChE was insensitive to the two natural products. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献