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Nine isolates ofBacillus thuringiensis Berliner belonging to var.kenyae, var.aizawai and var.entomocidus, were bioassayed against 1st instar larvae ofBoarmia (Ascotis) selenaria Schiffermüller and compared withB. thuringiensis var.kurstaki, HD-1-S-1980. None were found to have a higher potency than HD-1-S-1980, which is used for commercial control of young larvae of this pest in avocado plantations in Israel. 相似文献
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J A Roth J A Jarvinen D E Frank J E Fox 《American journal of veterinary research》1989,50(8):1250-1253
Twenty Holstein steers subclinically infected with coccidia were allotted to 2 groups of 10 steers each. One group received a diet containing 0.5 mg of decoquinate/kg of body weight. After 25 days on the diet, there was no difference between the groups in lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to mitogens; however, there were differences in neutrophil function. Lymphocytes from steers of the decoquinate-fed group had decreased random migration under agarose, enhanced cytochrome C reduction, and enhanced iodination activity. Other measures of neutrophil function evaluated (chemotactic index, Staphylococcus aureus ingestion, and antibody-dependent and -independent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) were not affected. After 30 days of decoquinate feeding, half of the cattle in each group received 5 daily IM injections of dexamethasone (0.04 mg/kg of body weight). The dexamethasone-treated steers from the group that did not have decoquinate in the diet developed clinical coccidiosis, whereas the decoquinate-treated steers remained clinically normal. Lymphocyte and neutrophil function were again evaluated for a 3-day period beginning 4 days after dexamethasone treatment was halted. Neutrophils from the steers that developed clinical coccidiosis after dexamethasone administration had significantly (P less than 0.05) inhibited random migration under agarose, cytochrome C reduction, and iodination activity, but significantly (P less than 0.01) enhanced S aureus ingestion. The feeding of decoquinate prevented the inhibition of neutrophil cytochrome C reduction and lessened the inhibition of neutrophil iodination in the dexamethasone-treated group. Dexamethasone treatment was associated with an inhibition of lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin in principals as well as controls. 相似文献
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Characterisation of Escherichia coli strains associated with canine urinary tract infections 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
B Westerlund A Pere T K Korhonen A K Jarvinen A Siitonen P H Williams 《Research in veterinary science》1987,42(3):404-406
Of 33 Escherichia coli strains isolated from canine urinary tract infections, 22 were haemolytic and 27 were classified into O serogroups, the most common being O4, O6, O2 and O83. P-fimbriated strains were haemolytic and belonged mainly to serogroups O4 and O6. Twenty-nine strains possessed type-1 fimbriae but only small numbers possessed S fimbriae, type-1C fimbriae, X adhesins or the aerobactin system. It is postulated that P fimbriae and haemolysin production contribute to bacterial virulence in canine pyelonephritis and cystitis. 相似文献
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Labelling the salt content in foods: a useful tool in reducing sodium intake in Finland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the impact of choosing food products labelled either as low or high in salt on salt intake in the Finnish adult population. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: The National FINDIET 2002 survey with 48-hour recalls from 2007 subjects aged 25-64 years. Sodium intake was calculated based on the Fineli food composition database including the sodium content of natural and processed foods as well as the salt content of recipes. The distribution of salt intake was calculated in different ways: the present situation; assuming that all breads, cheeses, processed meat and fish, breakfast cereals and fat spreads consumed would be either 'lightly salted' or 'heavily salted' based on the current labelling practice; and, in addition, assuming that all foods would be prepared with 50% less or more salt. RESULTS: Excluding underreporters, the mean salt intake would be reduced by 1.8 g in men and by 1.0 g in women if the entire population were to choose lightly salted products and further by 2.5 and 1.8 g, respectively, if also salt used in cooking were halved. Choosing heavily salted products would increase salt intake by 2.1 g in men and by 1.4 g in women. In the worst scenarios, salt intake would be further increased by 2.3 g in men and by 1.6 g in women. CONCLUSIONS: These calculations show that the potential impact of labelling and giving consumers the possibility to choose products with less salt is of public health importance. In addition, strategies to reduce the salt content of all food groups are needed. 相似文献
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Saila Holopainen Elina Rautala Liisa Lilja‐Maula Hannes Lohi Minna M. Rajamki Anu K. Lappalainen 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2019,60(5):525-532
Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease particularly prevalent in West Highland White Terriers. In the present prospective pilot study, we evaluated the feasibility of modified VetMousetrap? device in high resolution CT to detect idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in West Highland White Terriers. Twelve awake West Highland White Terriers with canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 24 clinically healthy West Highland White Terriers were scanned using a helical dual slice scanner utilizing VetMousetrap? device without or with minimal chemical restraint with butorphanol. Three evaluators blindly assessed the images for image quality and the presence of canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis related imaging findings such as ground glass opacity and reticular opacities. Additionally, the attenuation of the lung was quantified with ImageJ software using histogram analysis of density over the lung fields. Computed tomography was successfully completed and motion artifact ranked in statistical analysis barely noticeable to mild in all dogs. The agreement between imaging findings and clinical status was very good with overall κ value 0.91 and percentage of agreement of 94%. There was also very good intraobserver (κrange = 0.79‐0.91) and interobserver agreement (κ = 0.94). Moderate to severe ground glass opacity was present in all affected dogs. In the ImageJ analysis, a significant difference in lung attenuation between the study groups was observed. We conclude that modified VetMousetrap? device is applicable in diagnosing canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in awake West Highland White Terriers avoiding anesthetic risk in these often severely hypoxic patients. 相似文献
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Liisa Huttunen Pedro J. Aphalo Pekka Niemelä Seppo Kellomäki 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(12):2414-2421
We examined the quality and decomposition of naturally abscised leaves of silver birch (Betula pendula) seedlings subjected to three different levels of fertilization under ambient and elevated levels of temperature and CO2. At the end of the second growing season, the chemical composition of the litter collected from the seedlings was analyzed. Whole-leaf samples from pooled litter from each of the four replicates from each treatment were put in mesh bags and transferred to ambient climate in the field. The remaining mass of litter was measured by sampling bags in May and October throughout the four-year incubation period. Fertilization with all nutrients decreased the initial carbon and tannin contents of litter, and increased the proportion of the fast-decomposing fraction, but still fertilization slowed down the decomposition of this fraction. Initially, the estimated proportion of the fast-decomposing fraction was smallest in elevated CO2 + temperature, and largest in ambient climate. During decomposition, elevated growth-temperature slowed down decomposition of the fast fraction under ambient CO2 but increased it under elevated CO2. The changes in litter decomposition rates found over four years were not very large. However, we conclude that the interactions of different factors lead to different results than if the factors had been studied separately, and future studies should take interactions into account. 相似文献
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Maarit Raivonen Timo Vesala Liisa Pirjola Nuria Altimir Petri Keronen Markku Kulmala Pertti Hari 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2009,149(6-7):1073-1081
The compensation point of bidirectional NOx fluxes of plants is often determined in chamber measurements by varying the NOx concentration and searching for the point where the net flux is zero. We hypothesized that the compensation point can vary with changing conditions so much that one constant value is not sufficiently accurate. The compensation point for NOx fluxes of Scots pine was analysed with a model describing the NOx consumption and production processes. Consumption was assumed to occur via the stomata and on needle surfaces, with the rate depending on ambient concentration and degree of stomatal opening. Production was assumed to occur on the needle surfaces depending on solar UV-A irradiance. We used NOy flux data measured with two gas-exchange chambers in southern Finland to parameterize the model. The estimated compensation points increased with increasing UV-A irradiance and decreased with increasing stomatal conductance. With open stomata, it varied several ppb even under field conditions. 相似文献