Performance of four Chinese Trichogramma species as biocontrol agents of the rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, under various temperature and humidity regimes

The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is one of the most economically important rice pests worldwide. However, biological control of this pest using natural enemies has rarely been documented. Indigenous natural populations of four Trichogramma species (i.e., T. japonicum, T. chilonis, T. dendrolimi, and T. ostriniae) were collected from the eggs of C. suppressalis in paddy fields. With the objective of screening suitable candidate species for controlling the striped stem borer, parasitism by these four Trichogramma species of the eggs of their native host, C. suppressalis, was evaluated at five temperatures (18, 22, 26, 30, and 34?°C) and four relative humidity (RH) regimes (30, 50, 70, and 90?%). The temperature and the humidity significantly affected the ability of all of the Trichogramma species to parasitize the eggs of their host. T. chilonis parasitized more eggs at 26?°C than at the other temperatures. By contrast, T. dendrolimi, T. ostriniae, and T. japonicum performed best within a wider temperature range. The host number parasitized was highest at 70?% RH and differed significantly among the Trichogramma species at all of the temperatures and humidities tested, except at 30?°C and 50?% RH. Generally, T. dendrolimi and T. japonicum performed better than the other species at 18–26 and 30–34?°C, respectively, whereas T. ostriniae parasitized the fewest host eggs at 30–70?% RH. Both T. dendrolimi and T. japonicum appear to be promising candidates for augmentative release against C. suppressalis in northeastern China.     

丝瓜伤流液对采后榆黄蘑呼吸及贮藏品质的影响研究

试验研究丝瓜伤流液对榆黄蘑的保鲜效果结果表明 ,用丝瓜伤流液作保鲜剂明显抑制榆黄蘑呼吸分解代谢 ,有效减缓菌盖开裂、褐变和失水。且有棱丝瓜伤流液保鲜效果优于无棱丝瓜伤流液 ,以 75 %有棱丝瓜伤流液保鲜效果最佳     

柞蚕蛹内食物残渣对赤眼蜂发育和繁殖的影响及蛹组织匀浆的制备研究

柞蚕蛹组织匀浆是当前赤眼蜂人工寄主卵的必需组成成分之一。蛹组织中含有未完全消化的食物残渣2.9％,对繁殖赤眼蜂有不良影响。过去都用手工全部加以去除。试验表明,去除61％的残渣,使残渣含量为蛹组织的1.14％时,用它配制成人工卵繁殖赤眼蜂,其化蛹率、每卵出蜂数、展翅率和雌性比均与对照(去除全部残渣)无显著差异。化蛹率可达70.9％,每一人工卵出蜂15.6头。试验用组织捣碎机,每分钟8000转,将柞蚕蛹捣碎5秒钟,经两层纱布过滤,不但可去除食物残渣68％,还可去除蛹壳。用此法获得的蛹组织匀浆作为成分之一,制成人工卵繁殖赤眼蜂,化蛹率达90.1％,显著高于用手工去残渣和蛹壳的方法。每卵出蜂数则无显著差异。     

解磷微生物浸种对大豆生长发育及其根瘤形成的影响研究

试验研究解P微生物浸种对大豆生长发育及其根瘤形成的影响结果表明 ,解P微生物对大豆前期生长发育和根瘤形成有明显影响 ,并加快生育进程 ,促进其结瘤 ,提高生物产量及植株N、P含量 ,且巨大芽孢杆菌 曲霉菌处理效果最佳     

利用玉米秸秆制备生物杀菌剂的研究

通过拮抗性筛选分离出对蔬菜枯萎病原菌具有很强抑制作用的木霉菌株“T41”,并利用玉米秸秆粉为原料,采用液固两相发酵工艺制成木霉菌剂。该菌剂对多种蔬菜枯萎病防治效果显著且稳定,并高于化学杀菌剂防治效果     

Asymmetric mating interactions drive widespread invasion and displacement in a whitefly

The role of behavioral mechanisms in animal invasions is poorly understood. We show that asymmetric mating interactions between closely related but previously allopatric genetic groups of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, a haplodiploid species, have been a driving force contributing to widespread invasion and displacement by alien populations. We conducted long-term field surveys, caged population experiments, and detailed behavioral observations in Zhejiang, China, and Queensland, Australia, to investigate the invasion process and its underlying behavioral mechanisms. During invasion and displacement, we found increased frequency of copulation leading to increased production of female progeny among the invader, as well as reduced copulation and female production in the indigenous genetic groups. Such asymmetric mating interactions may be critical to determining the capacity of a haplodiploid invader and the consequences for its closely related indigenous organisms.     

网络化平台对畜牧兽医行业科技核心期刊的影响

随着中国畜牧兽医行业科技核心期刊的快速发展以及网络的普及,期刊社(编辑部)通过网站对作者、审者及读者等群体提供全面的、便捷的、专业的服务就成为了刊物提高档次、影响力和吸引优秀稿源的重要性因素.通过对畜牧兽医行业评选的15种核心期刊进行调查,研究畜牧兽医行业科技核心期刊网络化平台的现状,分析网络化平台对畜牧兽医行业科技核心期刊的影响,为畜牧兽医行业核心期刊能够可持续发展提供参考.     

网络化平台对畜牧兽医行业科技核心期刊的影响

摘要：随着中国畜牧兽医行业科技核心期刊的快速发展以及网络的普及,期刊社（编辑部）通过网站对作者、审者及读者等群体提供全面的、便捷的、专业的服务就成为了刊物提高档次、影响力和吸引优秀稿源的重要性因素。作者对畜牧兽医行业评选的15种核心期刊进行调查,研究畜牧兽医行业科技核心期刊网络化平台的现状,分析网络化平台对畜牧兽医行业科技核心期刊的影响,为畜牧兽医行业核心期刊能够可持续发展提供参考。     

Effect of oriental armyworm <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mythimna separata</Emphasis> egg age on the parasitism and host suitability for five <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichogramma</Emphasis> species

The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker) is a major cereal crop pest, causing severe economic losses worldwide every year. Yet, few studies documented the biological control of M. separata using natural enemies such as egg parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma. To evaluate the possibility of biological control of M. separata eggs at various ages (0-, 1-, 2-, and 3-day old), we compared under laboratory conditions the parasitism, emergence, development, and female progeny (sex ratio) of five Trichogramma species indigenous in China: Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura, T. chilonis Ishii, T. ostriniae Pang & Chen, T. leucaniae Pang & Chen, and T. japonicum Ashmend. All five Trichogramma species parasitized M. separata at all egg ages but showed a preference for younger eggs. T. dendrolimi parasitized 55.1, 36.6, 19.3, and 14.3 hosts in 24 h on 0-, 1-, 2-, and 3-day-old eggs, respectively, and it exhibited the highest parasitism and suitability on all egg ages. T. japonicum showed the lowest parasitism rate and the poorest host acceptance. T. ostriniae, T. leucaniae, and T. chilonis presented similar rates of adult emergence and sex ratio for all M. separata egg ages. T. ostriniae developed significantly slower on 2- and 3-day-old M. separata eggs. With the exception of T. leucaniae, all species showed no difference in adult emergence at all egg ages. T. dendrolimi was identified as the best for biological control of M. separata. The present study provides valuable information for future development of Trichogramma species in biological control programs targeting M. separata as pest.