HVI大容量棉花测试仪排出样品处理装置的设计

针对HVI大容量棉花测试仪排出的样品处理难等问题，设计了1套自动化样品处理装置。该装置集样品自动输送、自动感应、自动压缩和自动装包等功能于一体，既可解决该类测试仪出棉通道容易堵塞的难题，又可降低劳动强度，提高工作效率和节省棉包存储空间。     

捕食线虫性真菌的分离培养及分布规律

对自然界中的捕食线虫性真菌进行了分离和种属区分，并对分布规律进行了研究。从土壤、粪便等材料中获得了2类活性较强的捕食线虫性菌株：即套捕型(hooping)捕食线虫性真菌和粘捕型(sticking)捕食线虫性真菌。主要的代表种类有3种。这些捕食线虫性真菌在捕食性结构分生孢子形态及某些生物学特性上有一定差异。套捕型捕食线虫性真菌代表种为少孢节丛孢菌(Arthrobotrys oligospara)和梨形指环菌(Dactylaria pyriformis)，它们以菌环、菌网作为捕食性结构(器官)，以套捕方式杀灭线虫幼虫。梨形指环菌可产生多量厚垣孢子(chlamyalospore)。粘捕型捕食线虫性真菌代表种为纺锤隔指孢菌(Dactylella ellipsospora)。可形成菌结捕食线虫性结构，以粘捕的方式杀灭线虫幼虫。结果表明：捕食线虫性真菌在土壤和家畜粪便中的分离率是40．41％；此类菌适合于生存在阴暗、潮湿、富含腐植质的环境中。在温暖季节时，采用0．4g／L玉米粉琼脂培养基(CMA)易于对其进行分离培养。     

益生素预防畜禽腹泻机理的研究

用革兰氏阳性的嗜酸乳杆菌和枯草杆菌的活菌和死菌喂饲了８０只雏鸡，用嗜酸乳杆菌的活菌和死菌喂饲了３７头仔猪和２４头犊牛，观察这些细菌防畜禽腹泻的效果。结果证明这两种细菌的活菌与死菌都有预防腹泻的功能，嗜酸乳杆菌的效果好于枯草杆菌。两种菌的活菌和死菌都有预防作用说明是菌体成分或代谢产物可能是预防腹泻的主要有效成分。     

Versuche zur Zyklussynchronisation bei Kühen aus Beständen rnit Fertilitätsproblemen und bei Hybriden zwischen Wisent und Rind mit der PRID-Spirale*

Inhalt: An 81 Versuchs- und 92 Kontrolltieren der Rasse “Potnische Schwarzbunte” aus 3 Problembetrieben wurde ein Versuch zur Sterilitätsprophylaxe rnit der PRID-Spirale durchgeführt. Anhand klinischer Befunde und Milchprogesteronwerten wurde die Untergruppe aus Kühen mit Ovardystrophie (18 Versuchs- und 22 Kontrolltiere) gebildet und extra ausgewertet. Der Behandlungsbeginn lag zwischen 60 und 80 Tage post partum. Die Versuchstiere wurden mit der PRID-Spirale 12 Tage lang behandelt, die Kontrolltiere erhielten Injcktionen rnit Kochsalzlösung und solche rnit Ovardystrophie wurden zusätzlich mit einer Eierstocksmassage behandelt. Die Versuchstiere wurden 56 und 72 Stunden nach Entfernung der Spirale blind besamt. Die Brunstin-duktionsrate betrug insgesamt 90,1%, bei denen rnit Ovardystrophie 77,7%. Die An-wendung der PRID-Spirale führte zur Verbesserung der Fertilitätslage. Die Gesamt-trächtigkeitsrate lag mit 87,6% bei den Versuchskühenüber derjenigen der Kontrollkü-he mit 79,3%. Die Behandlung der Tiere rnit Ovardystrophie erbrachte eine Gesamt-trächtigkeitsrate von 88,8% bei den Versuchs- und 72,7% bei den Kontrolltieren. Die Zwischentragezeit betrug bei den Versuchstieren 101,2 Tage und bei den Kontrolltieren 113,3 Tage (p ≤ 0,05). Bei den azyklischen Tieren lag die Zwischentragezeit bei 104,6 Tage bzw. 134,7 Tage (p ≤ 0,05). In einem anderen Versuch wurde 20 Hybriden zwischen Wisent und Hausrind rwecks Zyklussynchronisation die PRID-Spirale verabreicht. Die Brunstinduktionsrate betrug 66,6%, das Erstbesamungsergebnis nach Doppelbesamung 30%, die Gesamtträchtig-keitsrate nach dem Decken der umrindernden Kreuzungstiere rnit einem Bullen 90%. Die Deckperiode konnte verkürzt werden. Contents: Investigations on the synchronization of estrus cycle in cattle from farms with fertility problems and in cross-breeds between bison and cattle with a PRID-de-vice In 81 experimental and 92 control animals of the “Polish Black and White” breed derived from 3 farms with fertility problems an investigation was carried out for sterility prophylaxis using the PRID-device. Based on clinical findings and milk progesterone values cattle with ovarian dystrophy (18 experimental and 22 control animals) from a special group were used. The begin of treatment was between 60 and 80 days post partum. All experimental animals had received a PRID-device for a duration of 12 days. Control animals were injected with physiological saline solution and animals with ovarian dystrophy were treated additionally with ovarian massage. Experimental animals were inseminated 56 and 72 hrs after removal of the device. All animals taken, estrus was induced in 90.1% of the animals, while only 77.7% of animals with ovarian dystrophy came to estrus. Application of the PRID-device led to an improvement of fertility. Pregnancy rates in experimental animals were 87.6%, while only 79.3% of the control animals were pregnant. Treatment of animals with ovarian dystrophy resulted in 88.8% pregnancies for treated and 72.7% for control animals. Experimental animals were non-pregnant for a duration of 101.2 days, while control animals remained non-pregnant for 113.3 days (p < 0.05). Acyclic cattle had a non-pregnant period of 104.6 days and 134.7 days (p < 0.05) respectively. In a second experiment 20 cross-breeds between bison and domestic cattle were treated with a PRID-device for synchronization of the estrus cycle. The rate of estrus induction was 66.6%, the fertility after double insemination 30%, the total pregnancy rate improved after mating with a bull of animals that had not conceived to 90%.     

Anaplasmosis in Uganda. I. Use of dried blood on filter papers and serum samples for serodiagnosis of anaplasmosis—A comparative study

Summary The suitability of blood collected on filter papers in comparison with corresponding conventional serum samples in the diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis was studied using the complement fixation test, DOT-ELISA, Western immunoblot and rapid card agglutination test. Dried blood on Whatman filter paper no. 1 was eluted in PBS 0·05% Tween 20 giving an initial dilution of 1∶10. The reactivity of the eluted samples in both DOT-ELISA and Western immunoblotting were similar to those obtained with the corresponding straight serum sample dilutions. Filter paper samples gave lower reactivity in the remaining tests when compared with corresponding serum samples. There was no significant difference in the reactivity between the eluates from filter papers stored at temperatures ranging between 15·5 and 24°C and those kept refrigerated. Storage at 15·5 to 24°C did not significantly affect reactivity for up to six months. Eluates from filter papers stored for six months at 15·5 to 24°C continued to give similar reactivity as those from freshly prepared filter papers in both DOT-ELISA and Western blot, and in the rapid card agglutination test. It is concluded that collecting blood on filter papers is a suitable technique for large scale seroepidemiological studies on anaplasmosis and offers many advantages in developing countries where transport and cold chain facilities are a major constraint.

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Resumen Se estudió la efectividad de muestras de sangre colectadas en papel filtro, en comparación con las correspondientes muestras convencionales du suero, en el diagnóstico de anaplasmosis bovina, utilizando fijación de complemento, DOT-ELISA, Western, immunoblot y la prueba rápida de la tarjeta. La sangre seca en papel Whatman N^o 1 fue removida con PBS 0·05% entre 20, dando una dilución inicial de 1∶10. La reactividad de las muestras removidas de papel filtro, en la prueba de DOT-ELISA y Western immunoblotting, fueron similares a la obtenida con la correspondiente muestra de suero. Las muestras de papel filtro reaccionaron menos en las otras pruebas, cuando se compararon con las correspondients muestras du suero. No hubo diferencia significativa en la reactividad entre los lavados del papel filtro guardados a temperaturas entre 15·5 y 24°C y aquellos guardados en refrigeración. El almacenaje entre 15·5 y 24°C, no afectó la reactividad hastas seis meses. Los lavados de papel filtro guardados por seis meses entre 15·5 y 24°C, dieron la misma reactividad como los lavados frescos, en la prueba DOT-ELISA y Western blot, lo mismo que en la prueba de aglutinación rápida de tarjeta. Se concluye, qu la colección de sangre en papel filtro, es una buena técnica para estudios epidemiológicos de cierta magnitud, sobre anaplasmosis, ofreciendo ventajas considerables en paises en desarrollo en donde las cadenas de frío son deficientes.

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Résumé La fiabilité du sang récolté sur papier filtre comparée à celle des prélèvements conventionnels de sérum pour le diagnostic de l'anaplasmose a été étudiée à l'aide des tests suivants: fixation du complément, ELISA, immunoblot de Western, test rapide d'agglutination sur carte. Du sang séché sur papier filtre Whatman N^o 1 a fait l'object d'une élution dans une solution de PBS à 0,05 p. 100 (Tween 20) pour donner une dilution de base au dilution de base au 1∶10. Le réactivité des échantillons, autant avec le test ELISA que l'immunoblot Western, a été identique à celle obtenue par dilution directe de sérums homologue. Les échantillons sur papier filtre ont donné une réactivité plus faible pour les autres tests, comparée à celle des échantillons de sérum semblables. Aucune différence significative n'a été décelée quant à leur réactivité les éluats provenant de papiers filtres stockés à des températures comprises entre 15,5 et 24°C at ceux conservés au réfrigérateur. Le stockage entre 15,5 et 24°C n'a pas non plus affecté la réactivité de fa?on significative; les éluats conservés à partir des papiers filtres, à cette même température durant 6 mois, ont montré des réactions identiques que ceux provenant de papiers filtres fra?chement préparés, à la fois avec le test ELISA, celui de Western Blot et le test d'agglutination rapide sur carte. On peut conclure que la collecte du sang sur papier filtre est une technique adaptée à l'étude épidémiologique de l'anaplasmose à grande échelle. Elle offre de nombreux avantages dans les pays en développement où offre de nombreux avantages dans les pays en développement où les moyens de transports et la cha?ne du froid constituent des contraintes majeures.

     

Effect of Split Nitrogen Application on Growth and Yield of Wheat (T. aestivum L.) Genotypes with Different N-Assimilation Potential

A field experiment was conducted with different nitrogen regimes to assess the growth and yield performance of wheat genotypes which differ in nitrate assimilation potential. Genotypic differences in biomass accumulation were observed at different growth stages. The nitrogen treatment had little effect on biomass accumulation at early stages of growth, while at later stages of growth there was enhanced biomass accumulation when N was applied in more than two splits. On an average, genotypes with high nitrate reductase activity (the 'HNR' genotypes) accumulated 14.2 % more biomass than the genotypes with low nitrate reductase activity ('LNR' genotypes) when an extra dose (40 kg N ha⁻¹) of nitrogen was given at the time of anthesis. The application of nitrogen in more than two splits increased grain yield of both 'HNR' and 'LNR' genotypes mainly by increasing grain weight per ear. The application of an extra dose of nitrogen (40 kg N ha⁻¹) at the time of anthesis increased grain yield of 'HNR' genotypes by 38.5 % as compared to 'LNR' genotypes.     

撒坝猪血液蛋白多态性研究

 采用蛋白电泳技术研究撒坝猪血液蛋白多态性。共分析了撒坝猪33个遗传位点,其中AKP,CAT,ES,G₆PD,PA,PHI,TF等7个位点检测到多态性。多态位点百分比P=0.2121,平均杂合度H=0.1027.结果表明撒坝猪的血液蛋白多态程度较高,反映在蛋白质水平上的遗传多样性较为丰富。     

Radiation Balance Components of Maize Hybrids Grown at Various Plant Densities

Components of the energy and heat balances were examined in two maize hybrids grown at three different plant densities (40, 70 and 100 thousand plants per hectare). One of the hybrids was drought tolerant, while the other was bred for cultivation under irrigated conditions. An increase in plant density influenced not only the size of the leaf area, but also the distribution of the leaves at various plant heights. The extinction coefficient, which provides a quantification of radiation penetration, was higher in the irrigated treatments. By contrast to the other two treatments, the plant canopy in the thinly sown stands remained open throughout the vegetation period, and thus behaved quite differently to the closed stands, making it impossible to compare them. Smaller albedo values were recorded for the hybrid bred for irrigation and in thinly sown stands. The low plant density allowed more energy to reach the soil, from which it was reflected, making a considerable contribution to the final temperature in the stand. The latent heat, in keeping with the quantity of water transpired, was the greatest in the densely sown stands. There was little difference between the latent heat values of the normal and dense stands in either hybrid, indicating that they both had a similar sensitivity to increased stand density. If sufficient water is available it would appear that the stand density could be increased even for the drought-tolerant hybrid.     

我国农村经济组织体系分析

通过分析我国现阶段农村经济组织的组织模式、功能及组织连接机制,指出我国农村经济组织已形成以农户家庭经营为基础层次,以社区合作经济组织、专业合作经济组织及以“公司 农户”为典型的契约型组织分别为第二、三、四层次,效能逐级递增,各层次之间具有互动作用的组织体系。     

福建省农业产业化龙头企业技术创新的意义与做法

本文分析了龙头企业技术创新在农业产业化经营中的现实意义,总结归纳了福建省龙头企业技术创新的主要做法,最后提出提高龙头企业科技竞争力的途径。