屏东平原之地下水经理

屏东平原为台湾地区屏东县的精华,也是台湾南部地区最重要的地下水库。其范围北起阿里山脉末端,东至中央山脉潮州断层南以台湾海峡为界,西达邻口丘陵,南北长约５０ｋｍ,东西宽约２０ｋｍ,面积计１１３０ｋｍ＾２,该区域内主要河川计有高屏溪、东港溪及林边溪一条河川,联合其他次要河川,纵横交流,形成一连串的冲积扇群,成为地下水补给良好之地下含水层。近年来。由于该地区各项开发迅速,用水遽增,特别是大量使用地下水之     

Anti-oxidative functions of <Emphasis Type="Italic">mt2</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">smtB</Emphasis> mRNA expression in the gills and brain of zebrafish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Danio rerio</Emphasis>) upon cadmium exposure

There were not any past studies about metallothionein isoforms (smtB and mt2) having anti-oxidative functions on zebrafish after Cd²⁺ exposure. On the other hand, the anti-oxidative enzymatic factors such as superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione peroxidase (gpx1a), and catalase (cat) are used as references to investigate whether the smtB and mt2 have anti-oxidative responses on the gills and brain of zebrafish after 1–6 h of 0 and 1.78 μM Cd²⁺ exposure. The anti-oxidative system such as sod, cat, and gpx1a mRNA expressions demonstrated a cascade response upon Cd²⁺-induced oxidative stress in the present study. Interestingly, the smtB mRNA expression levels increased by 3.2- to 6.1-fold, and mt2 raised by 4.1- to 11.3-fold in gills at 1 and 3 h after exposure to Cd²⁺, respectively. On the other hand, the smtB mRNA levels increased by 10.6- to 58.6-fold, but mt2 mRNA levels increased by 2.3- to 11.1-fold in brain at 1 and 3 h after exposure to Cd²⁺, respectively. In addition, both tissues showed increased apoptosis levels at 3 h, and recovery after 6 h of Cd²⁺ exposure. From the results, we suggest that both mt2 and smtB play a role in anti-oxidation responses within 6 h after exposure to Cd²⁺. In conclusion, the smtB mRNA levels have a higher response than mt2 in the brain, but both mRNA expressions appear to have a similar pattern in the gill. We suggest that smtB plays an important role to defend oxidative stress in the brain of adult zebrafish upon acute Cd²⁺ exposure.     

Do organophosphate-based traps reduce control efficiency of resistant tephritid flies?

Journal of Pest Science - Organophosphate (OP) insecticides have been an effective control of several tephritid pests. Recently, OP resistance has been observed in various fly species from...