花生小叶外植体植株再生及农杆菌介导的基因遗传转化

鄂花四号、中花四号和豫花一号萌动４ｄ的小叶作外植体，通过器官再生在ＭＳ培养基加３ｍｇ／ＬＢＡＰ和１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ上诱导芽分化，转至ＭＳ加５ｍｇ／ＬＢＡＰ上诱导芽伸长，再生植株。芽诱导率为８６％～１００％，每个外植体平均再生５个植株。在培养基中加入１ｍｇ／ＬＡｇＮＯ３和５００ｍｇ／Ｌ羧苄青霉素能有效抑制愈伤褐化和死亡，并能提高植株再生率。萌动４ｄ的小叶与农杆菌ＡＧＬ１分别共培养２ｄ，通过在再生培养基中加卡那霉素筛选，获得转基因再生植株，转基因植株生根后，移栽网室生长，并已开花结荚。外源基因的表达通过卡那霉素抗性和Ｇｕｓ活性组织化学检测得到证实。     

基于随机森林模型的山体滑坡空间预测研究

滑坡灾害空间分布的准确预测是实现防灾减灾的重要途径。以2010年福建省顺昌地区滑坡资料为基础数据,分别应用随机森林模型和逻辑回归模型对福建顺昌地区山体滑坡发生与滑坡因子之间的关系进行实证分析,通过模型变量筛选、模型精度分析,探讨了随机森林模型在我国南方山体滑坡空间预测中的适应性。结果表明:随机森林模型对滑坡发生数据的拟合效果比逻辑回归模型好,其对顺昌地区滑坡发生数据的预测精度为90.8%,而逻辑回归模型的预测精度为81.8%;随机森林模型对研究区滑坡发生的泛化能力比逻辑回归模型好,其预测出高危险区和较高危险区所包含的滑坡比总和为66.05%,而逻辑回归模型为63.34%。研究结果表明随机森林模型的性能优于逻辑回归模型,可用于顺昌地区基于滑坡因子的未来滑坡发生的预测预报。     

Spatio-temporal Variation of Distribution Patterns in Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations

To aid in management of Cunninghamia lanceolata,the main timber species in Southern China,its variation of spatial distribution pattern was analyzed.Three permanent plots of C.lanceolata plantations with approximately the same site conditions,set by China continuous forest inventory in Shunchang,Fujian,were selected. C.lanceolata growth was divided into two stages: young trees(5 cm≤diameter at breast height (DBH)<10 cm) and mature trees(DBH≥10 cm). The DBH and coordinates of every tree(DBH≥5 cm) in the permanent plots were recorded in 2003 and 2008.The function L(r),improvement of Ripley’s K(r),the paircorrelation function g(r),and the uniform angle index(W_i) were used to analyze the spatio-temporal variation of spatial distribution patterns.The three permanent plots had mean uniform angle index(W) between 0.494-0.578 at low altitudes,0.465-0.477 at medium altitudes,and 0.426-0.601 at high altitudes.Results showed that altitude did not affect the spatial distribution pattern. The L(r ) and g(r) function curves of mature trees were generally lower than young trees’,i.e.tend to be more random or uniform distribution.So regardless of the initial distribution of young or mature trees,with the passage of time,there was a tendency for the aggregated distribution to change to a random distribution,and a random distribution to change to a uniform distribution.     

三菌混合固态发酵苹果渣产复合酶的研究

利用实验室保藏的多株菌种,对苹果渣进行三元混菌固态发酵产复合酶。以纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、果胶酶活性大小为测定指标,对筛选出单菌活性较高的菌株,按照1:1:1进行3种菌混合发酵,确定混菌后效果较好的3种菌。考虑到试验因素之间的交互作用,以3种菌的接种比例及接种时间间隔作为试验因素,通过正交表交互作用设计试验及分析,确定3种菌混合活性最佳时间间隔为菌种#1、#2、#3同时接种;接种#1体积1ml、接种#2体积2ml、接种#3体积1ml。混菌后酶活性比3种单菌的酶活分别提高了10.9%、2%、20%,达到了优化的目的。     

基于RS林地退化监测技术

以永安市、连城县、漳平市为研究区域,选择林地土层厚度、林地土壤侵蚀、林地有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、森林气候生产力、森林生产力等因子,应用层次分析法,构建林地退化评价指标体系。通过RS技术提取各指标专题信息,生成林地退化图。结果表明,研究区无退化林地面积289 204.20 hm2,轻度退化面积264 772.24hm2,中度退化面积142 851.71 hm2,严重退化面积60 473.69 hm2,剧烈退化面积139.99 hm2,分别占总面积的38.18%、34.96%、18.86%、7.98%、0.02%;3县(市)中永安市林地状况最好,漳平市次之,连城县最弱;研究区林地退化状况总体良好。     

城市森林经营方案编制提纲

通过对国内外城市森林建设和理论研究实践的分析,论述了城市森林经营方案编制的重要性和必要性,提出城市森林经营方案编制的指导思想、基本原则和重要内容,着重介绍了城市森林经营方案编制的几个关键技术和对策措施。       

生态公益林经营管理研究进展

生态公益林经营管理是一个全新的课题,生态效益补偿问题、效益评价、经营方案的编制等都是实现生态公益林合理经营的重要保障。通过对生态公益林经营管理现状的分析,提出生态公益林经营方案的编制、监测体系的建设、合理的开发利用以及区域生态公益林稳定性等是今后生态公益林经营管理重要研究方向。     

BP neural networks and random forest models to detect damage by Dendrolimus punctatus Walker

The construction of a pest detection algorithm is an important step to couple"ground-space"characteristics,which is also the basis for rapid and accurate monitoring and detection of pest damage.In four experimental areas in Sanming City,Jiangle County,Sha County and Yanping District in Fujian Province,sample data on pest damage in 182 sets of Dendrolimus punctatus were collected.The data were randomly divided into a training set and testing set,and five duplicate tests and one eliminating-indicator test were done.Based on the characterization analysis of the host for D.punctatus damage,seven characteristic indicators of ground and remote sensing including leaf area index,standard error of leaf area index(SEL)of pine forest,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),wetness from tasseled cap transformation(WET),green band(B2),red band(B3),near-infrared band(B4)of remote sensing image are obtained to construct BP neural networks and random forest models of pest levels.The detection results of these two algorithms were comprehensively compared from the aspects of detection precision,kappa coefficient,receiver operating characteristic curve,and a paired t test.The results showed that the seven indicators all were responsive to pest damage,and NDVI was relatively weak;the average pest damage detection precision of six tests by BP neural networks was 77.29%,the kappa coefficient was 0.6869 and after the RF algorithm,the respective values were 79.30%and 0.7151,showing that the latter is more optimized,but there was no significant difference(p>0.05);the detection precision,kappa coefficient and AUC of the RF algorithm was higher than the BP neural networks for three pest levels(no damage,moderate damage and severe damage).The detection precision and AUC of BP neural networks were a little higher for mild damage,but the difference was not significant(p>0.05)except for the kappa coefficient for the no damage level(p<0.05).An"over-fitting"phenomenon tends to occur in BP neural networks,while RF method is more robust,providing a detection effect that is better than the BP neural networks.Thus,the application of the random forest algorithm for pest damage and multilevel dispersed variables is thus feasible and suggests that attention to the proportionality of sample data from various categories is needed when collecting data.     

南方典型毛竹经营区土壤养分空间变异特征——以福建省南平市顺昌县毛竹林经营区为例

以福建南平市顺昌县的典型毛竹(Phyllostachys heterocycla cv.Pubescens)林经营区为研究对象,采用地统计学与GIS分析方法,分析了毛竹林林地的土壤化学指标的空间变异规律与分布格局。结果表明:土壤有机质、全氮、p H值、水解氮、速效钾的块基比均小于25%,表明其具有强烈的空间相关关系;有效磷质量分数的块基比为30.42%,其空间分布为中等相关关系;土壤化学指标变异程度由强到弱依次为:有机质(54.35%)、水解氮(53.56%)、速效钾(42.48%)、全氮(42.28%)、有效磷(36.61%)、p H值(6.49%);有效磷、水解氮和p H的最佳半方差函数模型为球状模型,速效钾和全氮的最佳半方差函数模型为指数模型,有机质为高斯模型;水解氮、有机质、p H值和全氮质量分数东部与中部较高,有效磷质量分数西部与中部较高,速效钾质量分数东部高于西部,中部较四周高。     

基于服务能力的福州主城区城市公园布局分析

  目的  城市公园布局合理性是城市人居环境建设重要体现,分析福州市主城区城市公园的服务能力对提高布局合理性具有重要意义。  方法  利用地理信息系统(GIS)空间统计法,提出游憩可达性与避灾覆盖率2项指标对福州主城区城市公园现状布局的影响;通过城市兴趣点(POI)数据计算城市服务压力对城市公园潜在服务的需求。  结果  台江区、鼓楼区现状服务能力较好,避灾覆盖率大且路网丰富,可达性较好,服务能力最好的是鼓楼前公园;晋安区与仓山区现状服务能力较差,避灾覆盖率小且路网较差,较偏僻地区可达性较差,服务能力最差的是飞凤山公园。城市公园潜在需求分析表明鼓楼区服务压力最大,仓山区服务压力最小,城市公园集中在鼓楼区与仓山区。  结论  城市公园的布局较好,呈聚集性分布;布局合理性很好的区域主要分布在在鼓楼区北部与台江区南部,布局合理性很差的区域主要分布于仓山区的南部及东南部地区、晋安区东部及北部地区,原因是这些区域本来公园绿地就少,避灾覆盖率及游憩可达性较差。从城市空间布局上对城市公园进行优化;对城市公园现状优化有12个,其中,台江区4个,鼓楼区3个,晋安区2个,仓山区3个;根据土地利用情况,建设潜在城市公园:仓山区可建45个城市公园,鼓楼区可建7个城市公园,晋安区可建19个城市公园。图10表3参25