Preharvest applications of growth regulators and their effect on postharvest quality of table grapes during cold storage

Over 54,600 ha of table grapes (Vitis vinifera), mainly cvs. ‘Thompson Seedless’, ‘Flame Seedless’ and ‘Redglobe’, are planted in Chile. Almost the entire production is exported to the USA, Europe, Asia, or one of several Latin American countries, which typically requires 15–40 d of maritime transportation. During this period, several physical, physiological, and pathological factors cause table grape deterioration. Because berry size is the main quality factor in international markets, farmers often overuse the growth regulators, gibberellic acid (GA₃) and forchlorfenuron (CPPU), in an effort to increase berry size. We examined the effect of preharvest growth regulators on seedless (‘Thompson Seedless’, and ‘Ruby Seedless’) and seeded (‘Redglobe’) table grape cultivars during cold (0 °C) storage plus a shelf life period of 3 d at 20 °C. The overuse of GA₃, eight instead of two GA₃ applications on Thompson Seedless, and the use of one GA₃ application on Redglobe and ‘Ruby Seedless’, increased berry pedicel thickness and lowered cuticle content but induced shatter and predisposed grapes to gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. In contrast, CPPU increased berry pedicel thickness and cuticle content but did not increase shatter or gray mold incidence. Clusters that were subjected to overuse of combined GA₃ and CPPU were highly sensitive to shatter, had the thickest pedicel, and developed a high gray mold incidence during cold storage. Hairline, a fine cracking developed during cold storage, was induced on ‘Thompson Seedless’ and ‘Ruby Seedless’ by growth regulators, but no hairline occurred on ‘Redglobe’ table grapes. Therefore, berry quality during cold storage is greatly influenced by growth regulator management in the vineyard.     

结球莴苣“烧边”成因及其调控措施的研究进展

结球莴苣烧边病是生理性病害，严重影响其品质，制约生产。国内外多数研究者认为钙缺乏导致结球莴苣烧边病的发生，但是现在许多研究表明其他因素也能导致烧边病的出现，例如环境因素、生长速率、内源激素等，所以研究烧边病发生的机制及其与环境因素的关系是防御结球莴苣烧边病发生的关键。     

The organophosphorous insecticide chlorpyrifos affects the neuroepithelial junction, the bioelectric parameters of the skin of the frog Caudiverbera caudiverbera, and the structure of model cell membranes

The current study examines the acute effects of the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos on a sympathetic synapse of the frog Caudiverbera caudiverbera. Nerve stimulation was followed immediately by a transient increase in the short-circuit current (SCC) and in the potential difference (PD), which consisted of a rapid and then a slow component. Chlorpyrifos concentrations from 5 μM to 1.0 mM caused a dose-dependent block of both components to a 10% of their control values, which was reversed by washout. The pesticide blockade did not affect the skin response to noradrenaline. X-ray diffraction and fluorescence spectroscopy studies on membrane models showed marked phospholipid perturbation, which favors changes in ion channel conformation and interferes with receptor proteins, thus altering noradrenergic transmission and Cl⁻ secretion in the mucous glands. The foregoing results may be interpreted as a reversible inhibition of the neuroepithelial synapse to nerve stimulation, possibly due to non-specific lip μd-protein perturbation, interference with synaptic transmission, and transient Cl⁻ channel inactivation.     

Effects of fosinopril,captopril and valsartan on the expressionof tissue factor in human monocytes

AIM: To investigate the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), fosinopril, captopril and angiotensin II AT₁ antagonists, valsartan on tissue factor (TF) expression on monocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS: Mononuclear leukocytes from normal delivered female umbilical veins were incubated with bacterial LPS in presence or absence of different ACE inhibitors .At the end of incubation, the cells were disrupted by 3 freeze-thaw cycles. TF procoagulant activity was assessed by a one-stage clotting assay. RT-PCR was used to check TF mRNA expression, and GAPDH mRNA was used for parallel assay. RESULTS and CONCLUSION: The results showed that increased expression of TF mRNA induced by LPS was inhibited by fosinopril, captopril and valsartan, respectively, and the procoagualant activity of monocytes was also reduced.     

Anatomical characterization of hoof growth pattern in six Iranian sheep breeds and its possible implication for trimming recommendations

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective of this study was to compare hoof anatomy, hoof growth pattern, and hoof weight-bearing surface of six different Iranian sheep breeds to...     

鞭角华扁叶蜂体内多胺的动态

用紫外荧光法测定鞭角华扁叶蜂末龄幼虫及滞育预蛹血淋巴中多胺的动态.结果表明:鞭角华扁叶蜂血淋巴中含有8种多胺,其中腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)、精胺(Spm)、尸胺(Cad)为普遍存在的多胺,其发育的不同阶段,多胺的种类和含量均发生变化;在滞育预蛹的血淋巴中Spm一直保持较高的含量,并在整个滞育期间存在2个峰值;在滞育的前5个月中血淋巴中不存在Spd,之后Spd突然出现,且含量迅速升高;Cad的代谢较平稳,在化蛹前稍有下降;Put的含量除在滞育后3个月左右有较大的峰值外,其余阶段的含量均较高,并在化蛹前有升高的趋势.总之,多胺可能参与鞭角华扁叶蜂预蛹滞育过程.     

达乌里胡枝子花粉萌发特性研究

为揭示达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza daurica)花粉的育性并为其花粉活力检测提供一种高效方法,本试验以达乌里胡枝子新鲜花粉为试验材料,采用液体培养基,研究了蔗糖、硼酸、氯化钙浓度、采样时间、温度、光照和培养时间等因素对花粉离体萌发和花粉管生长的影响.试验结果表明:单因素试验中,适宜花粉萌发的培养基配方为20 g...     

我国部分地区病死畜禽无害化处理中心病原灭活情况调查

为了解我国病死畜禽无害化处理环节病原灭活效果,2020年对11个省(自治区)52个病死畜禽无害化处理中心开展抽样检测、问卷调查.通过对样品进行病毒核酸检测和病毒核酸阳性样品病原活性检测发现,化制法、发酵法、碳化法、酸解法均可灭活非洲猪瘟、猪瘟、口蹄疫和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征等4种疫病病原.通过问卷调查发现,无害化处理中心因...     

利用SSR标记分析高粱属种质资源的遗传多样性

本研究利用15对SSR 引物对161 份高粱属种质资源进行了遗传多样性分析。结果显示,15对引物共扩增出118条谱带,其中88条具有多态性,多态性比率(P)为75.21%;多态性信息含量(PIC值)变幅为0.612~0.806,平均为0.699。161份高粱属材料遗传相似性系数为0.636~0.977,平均基因多样性指数(H)为0.696,Shannon信息指数(I)为1.393。UPGMA聚类分析显示, 161 份高粱属材料在遗传相似系数(GS)为0.682处可分为3组;129份高粱和苏丹草材料在相似系数为0.671处可分为2组。表明SSR标记可以作为高粱属种间以及种内遗传分化分析的有力工具,被分析的高粱属种质材料具有较高的遗传多样性。