颗粒荧光技术可快速判别致密砂岩油层

颗粒荧光技术可快速探测储层颗粒中油包裹体和颗粒表面吸附烃, 能较好地反映储层中油气包裹体丰度及油气性质,可以很好地确认现今油藏和古油藏,有效判别油层、水层、油水过渡带以及古油水界面。用颗粒荧光分析技术,分析了依合2A井志留系柯坪塔格组近20块样品,发现该方法可以较好地识别柯坪塔格组致密砂岩储层中的油层、油水过渡带和水层,为致密砂岩储层油水层判别提供了一种新方法;利用该技术还在志留系柯坪塔格组上段底砂岩中识别出一套含油层,表明该技术具有较好的推广和应用价值。     

杜泊绵羊与小尾寒羊杂交后代肌肉风味的研究

本研究旨在通过对肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸的检测,探讨杜泊羊与小尾寒羊杂交对肌肉风味的影响,为选育优质肉羊品种提供理论依据。结果表明：从氨基酸总量来看,杜寒F1较小尾寒羊和杜泊羊分别提高30．06％和0．57％,杜寒F2较小尾寒羊和杜泊羊分别提高29：49％和0．13％;从主要脂肪酸含量来看,杜寒F1较小尾寒羊和杜泊羊分别降低0．29％和10．05％,杜寒F2较小尾寒羊和杜泊羊分别降低13．54％和22．01％;从挥发性脂肪酸来看,杜寒F1较小尾寒羊和杜泊羊分别降低2．93％和6．44％,杜寒F2较小尾寒羊和杜泊羊分别降低21．24％和24．09％。杂交后代杜寒F1和杜寒F2氨基酸含量有所提高,同时能够降低羊肉膻味。     

黄河流域泥沙配置状况及其资源化

 通过分析黄河流域水沙运动过程和水沙分布特点,给出了流域泥沙配置单元,指出流域泥沙配置单元的配置量随着流域治理工程实施、径流条件等不断变化;1950—1999年,流域水土保持滞沙、水库拦沙、河道滞沙、两岸引沙用沙、河口淤积与入海泥沙等配置单元年均配置沙量占流域产沙量(17.63亿t)的14.24%、14.05%、12.19%、10.56%和50.77%;阐述了水库拦沙多、河道淤积严重是黄河流域泥沙配置现状不合理的主要原因,指出流域水沙资源优化配置和泥沙资源化是维护黄河健康的重要途径;结合黄河下游长期泥沙处理与利用的经验和教训,总结了黄河下游泥沙资源化的主要途径,包括淤临淤背、河道治理与河槽维护、引洪淤灌与土壤改良、灌区堆沙高地农田化、建筑材料转化、河口泥沙造地和疏浚泥沙利用、湿地塑造等。     

Variation in chemical composition and biological activities of two species of Opuntia flowers at four stages of flowering

The chemical composition of hexane extracts from flowers belonging to two species of prickly pear, Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller and Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haworth has been studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in four developmental stages of flower: vegetative, initial flowering, full flowering, and post-flowering stages. Remarkable differences were noted between the flowers’ compositions. The main compounds were carboxylic acid (28-97%), terpenes (0.2-57%), esters (0.2-27%), and alcohols (<1.8%).The study of the biological activities showed that extracts were active in vitro towards four bacteria and two fungal strains. It exhibited remarkable activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli.Antioxidant activity of the flowers extracts was evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method.Our findings demonstrate the interest of Opuntia flowers extract as a source of bioactive substances and its potential preservative use in food.     

Immunohistochemical distribution of glucagon-like peptide 1 in the digestive system of different aquatic vertebrates

The distribution of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-positive cells in digestive tracts and pancreases of aquatic vertebrates was investigated by immunohistochemical staining method. The results suggested that GLP-1-positive cells were distributed in the columnar mucous epithelium and tubular glands of lamina propria in the digestive system. However, GLP-1-positive cells were also found in subepithelial lamina propria of the mucosae and muscularis in each segment of the digestive tract of Rana nigromaculata. The distribution densities of these cells reached peaks in the stomachs, and the middle or end segments of small intestines of Chinese softshell turtle, Bufo gargarizans, R. nigromaculata and catfish, and there was the third distribution density peak in the rectum of catfish. The total amount or overall density of GLP-1-positive cells varied a lot in the digestive tracts of different animal species. The distribution density was relatively low in the digestive tract of chub and reached the maximum in the digestive tracts of snakehead and catfish, but no GLP-1-positive cells were found in the digestive tract of bighead carp. GLP-1-positive cells were densely distributed in the pancreases of Chinese softshell turtle, B. gargarizans and R. nigromaculata. These cells spread over the superficial layers of islets or scattered in exocrine pancreas in the pancreas of B. gargarizans, spread in the endocrine cells or scattered in the pancreas of Chinese softshell turtle, scattered in the pancreas of R. nigromaculata and distributed in the superficial layers of islets in the pancreas of catfish.     

‘培矮64S’ 在长沙、 海口、 南昌三地的育性差异分析

为了分析同一的超级杂交稻在不同气候区域的育性表现,以不育系‘培矮64S’为材料,研究其在海南、湖南、江西3个气候区域的育性表现.结果表明,同一不育系在不同的气候区域其敏感期存在很大差异,‘培矮64S’在湖南长沙敏感期在开花前的0～8天之内,既第Ⅶ期和Ⅷ期;在海南海口的敏感期处在开花前的13～19天之内.既第Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期;在江西南昌的敏感期处在开花前的15～20天之内,既第Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期.自然条件下,不育系‘培矮64S’在长沙,从2010年7月17日至10月7日不育度都在＞98.0％以上,其他时段波动很大;在海口,从2010年5月11日至10月18日不育度均＞99.5％,自交结实率均＜0.5％,偶有波动;在南昌,从2010年7月12日至10月11日不育度都在＞97.0％以上,自交结实在0.00％～0.85％之间波动.由此可见,在海南海口制种最安全,而且育性稳定时间最长,长达5个月.     

基于模糊综合评判法的穇子糊的工艺研究

即食糊类产品关键在于其在水中的分散性以及粘度,本研究以穇子为主要研究对象,通过制作穇子糊为此类淀粉类作物的糊类产品提供参考。通过预试验、单因素试验以及L9(3³)的正交试验,基于模糊综合评判法对穇子粉、麦芽糊精、单硬脂酸甘油酯、糖等进行穇子糊的配方及工艺组合研究。穇子糊的最佳工艺及配方为：糯米粉30 g,穇子粉12 g,糖10 g,黑米10 g,麦芽糊精质量分数10%,单硬脂酸甘油酯质量分数0.5%。所得产品色泽均匀、口感润滑、香甜可口、冲泡性良好。     

Fungicidal effect of hydroxytyrosol-rich preparations from olive mill wastewater against Verticillium dahliae

Verticillium dahliae cannot be reached by many fungicides during its parasitic phase inside the plants and few fungicides are available to cure plants once they are infected by this pathogen. A hydroxytyrosol-rich (29.27% weight/dry weight) olive mill wastewater (HROMW) and a hydroxytyrosol-rich (52.67% weight/dry weight) extract (HRE) were prepared from fresh olive mill wastewater (FOMW) using hydrolysis and post-hydrolysis purification processes, and were tested as bio-fungicides. The HROMW and HRE showed strong fungicidal activity in vitro against V. dahliae with minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of 28–56 mg L⁻¹ (dry weight). The HROMW and HRE at 15 g L⁻¹ (dry weight) resulted in a reduction in the viability of V. dahliae by >4 log units after 30 min of contact time according to European Standard EN 1275 (1997) standard method. In tomato pot growth experiments incorporation of HROMW and HRE into the soil reduced significantly Verticillium wilt disease incidence by 86 and 83% and wilt severity by 86 and 84.5%, respectively, compared to untreated plants.     

毛乌素沙地风沙土粒径和矿物组成对固定态铵含量的影响

固定态铵是土壤氮素的一种重要形态,对植物生长具有十分重要的作用;然而,风沙土中固定态铵的含量及其影响因素目前并不清楚,限制着对沙地土壤肥力来源及其维持机制的认识。该研究测定了毛乌素沙地裸沙地、沙柳（Salix psammophila）和油蒿（Artemisia ordosica）林地风沙土固定态铵的含量,并分析了土壤粒径及矿物组成对其的影响。结果显示：1）研究区土壤固定态铵平均含量为18.63 mg/kg,占土壤氮库的8.77%,不同植被下土壤中固定态铵含量存在明显差别,油蒿林地土壤固定态铵含量（23.03±1.88 mg/kg）显著高于裸沙地（16.63±0.61 mg/kg）和沙柳林地（16.82± 1.25 mg/kg）;2）风沙土粒径组成与固定态铵含量显著相关,粒径越细,固定态铵含量越高,粒径越粗,含量越低;3）风沙土矿物组成与固定态铵含量间无显著关系。研究表明,毛乌素沙地风沙土中固定态铵含量取决于土壤物理构成而非矿物化学组成,植被主要通过影响粒径组成而影响其含量。固定态铵是荒漠土壤肥力的重要组成部分,通过植被建设增加土壤细粒物质,有利于提高固定态铵含量,对土地荒漠化治理和生物生产力的提高具有十分重要的意义。     

Efficacy of a hydroxytyrosol-rich preparation from olive mill wastewater for control of olive psyllid, Euphyllura olivina, infestations

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a problematic by-product in Mediterranean countries. Despite this, it is a raw material that is an unfailing source of bioactive molecules. A hydroxytyrosol-rich preparation (HRP) (49.6% weight:dry weight) was extracted from fresh OMW using a hydrolysis and post-hydrolysis purification process. The field efficacy of HRP as a spray treatment (2500 l ha⁻¹) against olive psyllid, Euphyllura olivina (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), was evaluated in 2008 and 2009 in a drip-irrigated olive orchard.The HRP showed strong insecticidal activity against E. olivina at a concentration of 2 g l⁻¹ hydroxytyrosol. Application of HRP resulted in 41.1 and 72.1% control of nymphs and adults, respectively. However, HRP application did not reduce egg hatch. Neither phytotoxicity nor toxicity to auxiliary-fauna was recorded with concentrations of 1.25 g l⁻¹ or 2 g l⁻¹ HRP. But, the 2.5 g l⁻¹ concentration was slightly phytotoxic, especially at the E and F floral phenological stages of the grapes. HRP offers a natural and effective extract for control of olive psyllid and opens a new opportunity for the reuse of OMW.