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1.
Suraj Gunawardana Dulari Thilakarathne Indra S. Abegunawardana Preeni Abeynayake Colin Robertson Craig Stephen 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(7):1105-1112
A study of the risk factors associated with mastitis in Sri Lankan dairy cattle was conducted to inform risk reduction activities to improve the quality and quantity of milk production and dairy farmer income. A cross-sectional survey of randomly selected dairy farms was undertaken to investigate 12 cow and 39 herd level and management risk factors in the Central Province. The farm level prevalence of mastitis (clinical and subclinical) was 48 %, similar to what has been found elsewhere in South and Southeast Asia. Five cow level variables, three herd level variables, and eight management variables remained significant (p?0.05) in the final logistic regression analysis. Expected risk factors relating to unhygienic environments and inadequate knowledge or practice of mastitis control were found. Other factors included parity, milk yield, milking practices, access to veterinary services, use of veterinary products, stall structure, and stall hygiene. Many of the risk factors could be addressed by standard dairy cattle management techniques, but implementation of mastitis control programs as a technical approach is likely to be insufficient to achieve sustainable disease control without consideration of the social and political realities of smallholder farmers, who are often impoverished. 相似文献
2.
Rangelands occupy 51% of the terrestrial land surface, 23% total land of Nepal. It contains about 36% of the world's total carbon in above and belowground biomass. Rangelands can aid in the mitigation of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations via carbon storage in biomass and soil organic matter. A study on carbon stock on soil and vegetation at various altitudinal gradients in Milke-Jaljale rangeland area of Eastern Nepal was made. The study was carried out at three altitudinal gradients (above sea levels) Milke (3,000 m), Gorujure (3,500 m) and Jaljale (4,000 m). This method required establishing a transect line. Sample points were located by pacing the appropriate distances from the point of origin at a transect line. To determine distribution and quantity of plant carbon and soil organic carbon (SOC), 45 sample points were established and 15 points were sampled from each study site. Total soil carbon was estimated as follows: 17.65 t/ha at Milke, 17.27 t/ha at Gorujure and 28.33 t/ha at Jaljale. Similarly, total vegetation carbon was estimated 22.68 t/ha at Milke, 29.79 t/ha at Gorujure and 42.54 t/ha at Jaljale. Highest elevation study site with least external disturbance (Jaljale area) had high storage of carbon in both cases vegetation and soil. 相似文献
3.
Chusnul ARIF Budi Indra SETIAWAN Hanhan Ahmad SOFIYUDDIN Lolly Martina MARTIEF Masaru MIZOGUCHI Ryoichi DOI 《水稻科学》2012,19(2):143-152
The current study proposes a novel method using Excel Solver to estimate,from limited data,crop coefficient(Kc) in paddy fields under intermittent irrigation(II).The proposed method was examined in a field experiment conducted at Karang Sari Village,Bekasi,West Java,Indonesia during the first rice season of 2007/2008(December 2007 to April 2008) in the rainy season.As the control,continuous flooding irrigation(CF) was applied to the conventional rice cultivation fields.Based on the observed water storage,Excel Solver was used to estimate crop evapotranspiration.Estimated crop evapotranspiration was used to compute Kc value,then the average Kc values at each growth stage were compared with that for the CF treatment.The estimation method was evaluated by comparing estimated crop evapotranspiration and the crop evapotranspiration derived by the well established FAO procedure.Excel Solver estimated crop evapotranspiration accurately with R2 values higher than 0.81.Accordingly,more than 81% of the FAO crop evapotranspiration was described by the proposed method.Thus,Kc value could be well determined from those estimated crop evapotranspiration.Under the II treatment,the average Kc values were 0.70,1.06,1.24 and 1.22 for the initial,crop development,reproductive and late stages,respectively.These values were lower than those under the CF treatment for initial and crop development stages because of a minimal soil evaporation and intense dryness during these stages.However,average Kc values under the II treatment were higher than those under the CF treatment at the reproductive and late stages,indicating that the II treatment promoted more plant activity particularly for dry biomass production as indicated by a greater number of tillers per hill. 相似文献
4.
The characteristics of 48 rice varieties from Uttarakhand Himalaya,India were detected by morphological and biochemical markers.The grains of the selected rice varieties varied in their morphological(grain length,grain width and grain weight)and biochemical characters(sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE).Based on the presence of 70,65,60,57,37-39,22-23,13 and 10 kDa protein bands in the 48 rice varieties,seven types of profiles were identified.An unweighted pair group average ... 相似文献
5.
An in vitro propagation protocol is described for western hemlock, an important forestry species in Canada. For shoot bud induction, embryonic explants were placed initially on one-third strength Schenk and Hildebrandt medium containing 5 M N6-benzyladenine (BA) or 5 M BA in combination with either 5 M kinetin or 5 M 2-isopentenyl adenine for 14 days. The explants were transferred to basal medium without cytokinins for 3 weeks, and then to basal medium containing 0.05% activated charcoal. Elongating shoots were subcultured every 4 weeks on charcoal medium. Shoots, 10 mm in stem height, were rooted either in agar or sterilized peat/perlite (1:1). Up to 70% of the shoots formed roots when they were transferred to the latter, moistened with 1/2 strength Gresshoff and Doy medium containing 5 M -naphthaleneacetic acid. About 90% of the plantlets survived transfer to greenhouse conditions. 相似文献
6.
Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti Diana Nurjanah Harimurti Nuradji Ibnu Maryanto Indra Exploitasia Risa Indriani 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2021,22(6)
Bats are an important reservoir of several zoonotic diseases. However, the circulation of bat coronaviruses (BatCoV) in live animal markets in Indonesia has not been reported. Genetic characterization of BatCoV was performed by sequencing partial RdRp genes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction based on nucleocapsid protein (N) gene and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against the N protein were conducted to detect the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA and antibody, respectively. We identified the presence of BatCoV on Cynopterus brachyotis, Macroglossus minimus, and Rousettus amplexicaudatus. The results showed that the BatCoV included in this study are from an unclassified coronavirus group. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA and antibodies were not detected in the sampled bats. 相似文献
7.
Anjani KUMAR Amaresh Kumar NAYAK Sandeep SHARMA Ansuman SENAPATI Debasis MITRA Bipasa MOHANTY Seenichamy Rathinam PRABHUKARTHIKEYAN Kuttalingam Gopalasubramanian SABARINATHAN Indra MANI Rajendra Singh GARHWAL Sugitha THANKAPPAN Mahapatra Smruthi SAGARIKA Sergio DE LOS SANTOS-VILLALOBOS Periyasamy PANNEERSELVAM 《土壤圈》2023,33(1):34-48
One of the major challenges in Asian countries is the effective management of rice straw. To ensure food security for their ever-growing population, Asian countries grow more rice, leading to increasing rice straw generation. Burning of rice straw, a common practice, is detrimental to both environmental and human health. However, if managed effectively, rice straw has the potential to safeguard the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems and to uplift the economic security of the population de... 相似文献
8.
Grazing by large ungulates has been chosen as a management tool in scrub-dominated dune reserves at the Belgian coast. Due to morphological and physiological differences between cattle and ponies, differences in foraging behaviour and habitat use are expected, and these may result in a different impact on the spatially heterogeneous and nutrient-limited ecosystem. Grazing behaviour and habitat use of Shetland ponies and Highland cattle, grazing together in a coastal dune area (60 ha) were investigated at various levels of the foraging hierarchy (habitat, vegetation type, sward height and diet). Habitat use overlap was high in all seasons; both cattle and pony spent most of their grazing time in the grass-dominated habitat. However, Shetland ponies concentrated their grazing activity more on the grass-dominated habitat than did cattle. Cattle spent a greater proportion of their grazing activity in woodland and scrub, compared to the ponies. Foraging activity in woodland and scrub is strongly influenced by season. Within the grass-dominated habitat both species preferred foraging in the grasslands and avoided open vegetation and moss dunes. Within the grasslands, cattle grazed less on the short swards than did ponies. Both cattle and ponies predominantly foraged on graminoids, though there are minor differences between both species and among seasons. Browsing of woody plants occurred only by cattle. Where grazing management has been implemented to maintain dune grasslands and to avoid further invasion by scrub, a combination of cattle and ponies appears to be adequate. Ponies are suitable for maintaining grasslands, but they have no impact on invading scrub. Cattle have an impact on scrub development, both by direct consumption of various shrub species and by opening initially closed scrub. 相似文献
9.
Suyal Renu Jugran Arun K. Bhatt Indra D. Rawal Ranbeer S. 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(7):2383-2397
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle is an important medicinal herb of the family Asparagaceae used to cure several ailments. The rhizome of the species... 相似文献
10.
Species diversity and regeneration of old-growth seasonally dry Shorea robusta forests following gap formation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Diversity and regeneration of woody species were investigated in two ecological niches viz. gap and intact vegetation in old-growth seasonally dry Shorea robusta (Gaertn. f.) forests in Nepal. We also related varieties of diversity measures and regeneration attributes to gap characteristics.
Stem density of tree and shrub components is higher in the gap than in the intact vegetation. Seedling densities of S. robusta and Terminalia alata (B. Heyne ex Roth.) are higher in the gap than in the intact vegetation, while contrary result is observed for T. bellirica (Gaertn. ex Roxb.) and Syzigium cumini (L. Skeels) in term of seedling density. The complement of Simpson index, Evenness index, and species-individual ratio in
the seedling layer are lower in the gap than the intact vegetation. Gap size can explain species richness and species establishment
rate. Gaps created by multiple tree falls in different years have higher seedling density of S. robusta than gaps created by single and/or multiple tree falls in the same year. In conclusion, gaps maintain species diversity by
increasing seedling density, and favor regeneration of Sal forests. In addition to gap size, other gap attributes also affect
species diversity and regeneration.
Foundation Project: The study was supported by Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). 相似文献