Acoustic evaluation of the vertical distribution of dwarf ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis in Lake Biwa

SUMMARY: The vertical distribution of dwarf ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis in the pelagic waters of Lake Biwa was evaluated from June to September in 1995–97 from eight acoustic surveys using a quantitative echosounder. In each survey, echoes from a depth range of 3 m to the sea bottom were collected at a station every 2.7 s for 24 h together with measurements of vertical profiles of water temperature and chlorophyll-a. The ayu's echoes were identified using an underwater video camera. The ayu were observed near the maximum chlorophyll-a depth and above the thermocline. Their density was highest at depths of 4–11 m with 2–4 individuals/m ³ and was almost zero below 20 m. Echo signs were recorded as having a frequent duration of more than 1 h at night, whereas were of a shorter duration in the day. The fish stay in the epilimnion during the day without any clear vertical migration, but are distributed more uniformly at night. The advantages of remaining in the epilimnion are discussed in terms of food availability and predator avoidance.     

移栽秧龄对杂交中稻抽穗进程和成熟期的影响

以4个熟期不同的杂交组合为材料进行田阃试验,研究了这些品种在4种秧龄处理下抽穗进程和成熟期的变化.结果表明,在较短秧龄处理下,水稻见穗期有所提前且见穗至完全齐穗所经历的时间较短,抽穗相对集中;在长龄或超长龄处理下,水稻见穗期推迟,见穗至完全齐穗所经历的时间拉长.但生育期不同的品种抽穗进程对秧龄的反应有较大差异.移栽秧龄对同一品种成熟期的影响很小.     

春季西瓜留瓜个数和整枝方式对产量的影响

为探究湖州地区春季西瓜高产优质栽培技术,对小型西瓜的不同留瓜个数和中型西瓜的不同整枝方式进行了比较.结果表明:小型瓜单株留2个瓜,中心糖含量可达10.67％,667 m2产量达2419.2 t,既保证了西瓜的品质优良,又保证了生产效益;中型瓜可采用双蔓整枝,在保证产量和品质的同时,简化了田间操作,节约了土地.     

Direct effects of prolactin on adrenal steroid release in male Hatano high-avoidance (HAA) rats may be mediated through Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) activity

Prolactin (PRL) has been proposed to directly stimulate corticosterone release. However, the role of PRL on adrenocortical function in male HAA rats has not been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PRL on the secretion of corticosterone and progesterone using an in vitro cell culture system in male rats. Administration of PRL (10(-7) and 10(-6) M) resulted in dose-dependent increases in corticosterone and progesterone release. Cotreatment with PRL produced an increase in the stimulatory effects of ACTH-induced corticosterone and progesterone secretion. However, the PRL-induced corticosterone and progesterone releases were significantly reduced by treatment with AG490, a specific Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) inhibitor. In addition, administration of AG490 blunted the significant inhibition of ACTH-induced corticosterone and progesterone secretion by PRL. These results demonstrated that PRL could act directly on the adrenal gland to drive corticosterone and progesterone secretion in male rats. Additionally, the results emphasize that PRL stimulation of adrenal steroid release may be mediated through Jak2 activity.     

Effects of diesel exhaust particles on the male reproductive system in strains of mice with different aryl hydrocarbon receptor responsiveness

Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) that bind to aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) and decrease sperm production. Since it is not clear if AhR mediates DEP toxicity, we investigated the effect of DEPs in four strains of mice that have different AhR responsiveness. We treated BALB/c, C57BL/6, ICR and DBA/2 mice with DEP suspensions and compared their toxicity in each strain. In both the vehicle- and DEP-treated groups, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, as an indirect index of AhR activity, was increased in the order of BALB/c > C57BL/6 > ICR > DBA/2. Only BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice had significantly lower daily sperm production (DSP) than vehicle-treated mice. All strains exhibited increased sperm abnormalities. In particular, the C57BL/6, ICR and DBA/2 mice exhibited significantly increased abnormalities. A significant correlation was found between EROD activity and DSP or incidence of morphologically abnormal sperm. These data suggest that DEP toxicity may affect the male reproductive system in an AhR-dependent manner.     

磷酰胺除草剂APM诱导洋葱根尖分生组织细胞异常有丝分裂和蛋白质组分变化

研究了不同浓度APM(4～6 μmol/L)和不同处理时间(4～6 h)对洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响.结果表明,当用5.6 μmol/L APM处理洋葱分生组织16 h后,中期细胞有丝分裂指数(Met.Ⅰ)从0.8(对照)分别提高至5.0、5.2.结果也同时表明,当APM浓度超过4 μmol/L时,严重影响细胞有丝分裂.在根尖细胞中,多极分裂细胞(尤其是3～4级),中期染色     

沙田柚黄龙病病原16S rDNA片段的克隆与序列分析

采集田间表现斑驳症状的沙田柚叶脉,用CTAB法提取总DNA。根据柑橘黄龙病病原16S rDNA的核苷酸序列设计引物P1/P2,进行PCR扩增,获得1条大小为1 167 bp的片段。酶切分析显示,该片段可被切成大小分别约为640 bp和520 bp的2个片段。扩增产物经纯化,与pM D 18-T V ector连接,转化大肠杆菌(E scherich ia coli)DH 5α,筛选克隆重组子。对PCR产物进行测序及序列分析,结果表明,与柑橘黄龙病病原亚洲种16S rDNA的同源性为99%,与非洲种的同源性为97%,与美洲种的同源性为96%。认为,沙田柚的斑驳症状是由黄龙病病原引致的,称之为沙田柚黄龙病。该沙田柚黄龙病病原属于柑橘黄龙病病原亚洲种(L iberobacter as iaticus)中的一个成员。系统进化树分析显示,沙田柚黄龙病病原与中国柑橘黄龙病病原亲缘关系最近,推测是直接来自中国柑橘黄龙病病原。     

Sporadic endemicity of zoonotic Paragonimus in raccoon dogs and Japanese badgers from Miyazaki Prefecture,Japan

Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic trematode infection caused by Paragonimus spp. To determine the recent status of Paragonimus infections in wild animals, this study investigated Paragonimus spp. in 39 raccoon dogs and 54 Japanese badgers from March 2019 to January 2021 in Miyazaki Prefecture, and examined metacercariae in freshwater crabs. Triploid P. westermani was found in one raccoon dog (2.6%), and metacercariae were recovered from Eriocheir japonica captured near the infected animal collected. One Japanese badger (1.9%) harbored P. skrjabini miyazakii; this prevalence was lower than the approximately 30% that was reported in the 1970s. Results indicated that zoonotic Paragonimus was sporadically prevalent in wild animals. Further investigation in various animals is awaited to elucidate current wildlife reservoirs for those Paragonimus.     

考虑可控非可控因素动态特性的含水层系统有限元模拟模型

本文提出了考虑可控非可控因素动态特征的水资源系统有限元动态模拟模型，将各单元逐时段系统输入输出信息的动态计算模型引入到模型中，然后由于这些量的动态特性，加之需要模拟识别的参数繁多，给有限元模拟模型的求解工作增加了很大的难度，我们在分析各类参数及曲线精度及物理概念的基础上，先固定一部分参数和曲线，然后从剩余参数的物理概念出发，确定其初值及其相互间的逻辑关系，最后由有限元模拟模型识别出这些参数，通过验证表明了模拟参数的准确性，也充分说明了有限元各项项信息量确定的准确，系统输入输出信息量计算模型合理可靠。