云南省稻瘟病,小麦锈病预测专家系统

基于稻瘟病、小麦锈病预测领域专家知识,以及借助模式识别势函数法实现的自学习、自提取的知识,采用正向和反向精确推理控制策略,首次建立云南省水稻穗瘟病、小麦条锈病预测专家系统,1994～1995年预测结果与实际情况基本一致。系统创造性地采用全屏幕编辑树图的知识输入法和森林表示技术对知识库进行管理,便于知识库的扩充和维护。推理结果、推理路径及知识查询以彩色图形方式显示,对于学习领域专家的实践经验具有独特优点。     

农业科研经费执行层管理模式初探

针对农业科研的特点和农业科研经费管理存在的主要问题,提出了以做实预算、全面核算、经费使用评估、纠正偏差、良性循环为核心的农业科研经费执行层的科学、高效管理模式。     

新疆阿勒泰地区绵羊弓形虫病的血清学调查

为了解新疆阿勒泰地区绵羊弓形虫病的感染情况以及感染弓形虫病与绵羊流产的关系,对阿勒泰地区6县1市的绵羊随机采集血清共565份,采用间接血凝试验进行了弓形虫感染的血清学检测。结果显示,阿勒泰地区各县(市)绵羊均有弓形虫感染,感染率高低不一,平均感染率为6.5%;在有流产史的绵羊中发现存在布鲁菌和弓形虫双重感染的情况,提示在预防和治疗绵羊流产时,除了要考虑布鲁菌感染的因素以外,还应考虑弓形虫感染这一因素。     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌脂多糖的保护性作用

用被动保护试验的方法,通过比较抗脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）血清组与ＬＰＳ中和抗鸡白痢血清组的ＬＤ５０,证明了ＬＰＳ的保护性作用。与攻菌对照组的ＬＤ５０相比,抗ＬＰＳ血清组有非常显著的差异（０．００２＞Ｐ＞０．００５）,ＬＰＳ中和抗鸡白痢血清组有显著差异（０．０２＞Ｐ＞０．０５）。试验证明,ＬＰＳ是鸡白痢沙门氏菌（Ｓａｌｍｏｎｅｌａｐｕｌｏｒｕｍ）菌体主要的保护性抗原之一。     

基于SD的库存控制仿真研究

供应链环境下的库存管理不同于单个企业传统库存控制,使库存保持一个合理的水平,既要降低成本,又要增加客户满意度.是现代企业管理的一个重要方面.本文利用系统动力学及Vensim建模平台构建了库存控制模型,以研究双边供应链库存补充.通过定义一种新的库存控制评价指标,零满意度出现频率,并将追求其最小化作为库存控制的目标之一.表明通过库存间的互助补货,可以有效减小零满意度出现的频率,提高企业信誉,从而增加经营利润.     

基于改进A *算法的电动车能耗最优路径规划

提出一种基于改进A*算法的电动车能耗最优路径规划方法。根据车辆运行时的能耗,考虑能量损失与回收等因素,建立了运行能耗函数。设计了新的启发式能耗预估代价对A*算法进行改进,证明了所提出的启发式能耗预估代价满足可采纳性和一致性,确保改进的A*算法可获得能耗最优路径。针对电动车的里程焦虑问题,基于改进的A*算法,建立了根据车载电池的剩余电量、充电站位置、终点位置来寻找可达的能耗最小路径方法。仿真实验表明,提出的方法可以找到起点到终点的能耗最小路径,当车载电池能量不足时,可以找到经过充电站的可行最小能耗路径,减少里程焦虑,验证了所提方法的合理性和可行性。     

Crude garlic extract significantly inhibits replication of grapevine viruses

Efforts to control viral diseases of grapevine include the production of certified material and development of virus-resistant transgenic grapevines. However, effective antiviral agents, once the viruses have infected the plants, are still lacking. This study shows that a crude garlic extract has significant antiviral activity against grapevine viruses. Replication of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) was obviously inhibited in grapevine cv. Cabernet Sauvignon calli treated with diluted (1:100) garlic extract. The relative RNA levels of GLRaV-2 and grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) in cv. Summer Black grapevine in in vitro-grown plantlets 10 days after treatment with diluted (1:100) garlic extract were about 22% and 20%, respectively, of that in controls. The viral RNA accumulation of GLRaV-2, GFkV, grapevine virus A (GVA), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) in field-grown grapevine cv. Centennial Seedless plants sprayed with diluted (1:100) garlic extract were about 31–40%, 26–38%, 18–31%, 17–42% and 15–18%, respectively, of that in controls. Moreover, the garlic extract treatment led to a significant decrease in viral RNA accumulation of GLRaV-3, GLRaV-2, GVA, GFkV, GFLV, GRSPaV and grapevine Pinot Gris virus in pot-grown grapevine cv. Shine Muscat plants, and viral disease symptoms in these plants were obviously attenuated. In addition, this extract significantly induced expression of pathogenesis-related protein genes and stimulated activity of antioxidant enzymes in grapevines. Taken together, these results indicate that the crude garlic extract acts as a significant inhibitor against a broad range of grapevine viruses.     

Ontogenetic development of digestive enzymes and effect of starvation in miiuy croaker <Emphasis Type="Italic">Miichthys miiuy</Emphasis> larvae

The ontogenetic development of the digestive enzymes amylase, lipase, trypsin, and alkaline phosphatase and the effect of starvation in miiuy croaker Miichthys miiuy larvae were studied. The activities of these enzymes were detected prior to exogenous feeding, but their developmental patterns differed remarkably. Trypsin activity continuously increased from 2 days after hatching (dah), peaked on 20 dah, and decreased to 25 dah at weaning. Alkaline phosphatase activity oscillated at low levels within a small range after the first feeding on 3 dah. In contrast, amylase and lipase activities followed the general developmental pattern that has been characterized in fish larvae, with a succession of increases or decreases. Amylase, lipase, and trypsin activities generally started to increase or decrease at transitions from endogenous to exogenous feeding or diet changes, suggesting that these enzymatic activities can be modulated by feeding modes. The activities of all the enzymes remained stable from 25 dah onwards, coinciding with the formation of gastric glands and pyloric caecum. These results imply that specific activities of these enzymes underwent changes due to morphological and physiological modifications or diet shift during larval development but that they became stable after the development of the digestive organs and associated glands was fully completed and the organs/glands functioned. Trypsin and alkaline phosphatase were more sensitive to starvation than amylase and lipase because delayed feeding up to 2 days after mouth opening was able to adversely affect their activities. Enzyme activities did not significantly differ among feeding groups during endogenous feeding; however, all activities were remarkably reduced when delayed feeding was within 3 days after mouth opening. Initiation of larvae feeding should occur within 2 days after mouth opening so that good growth and survival can be obtained in the culture.     

钳夹式棉花膜上精量穴播器的实验研究

将钳子夹持事物的思想运用到传统的滚筒穴播器取种装置的设计中,并将其运用到穴播器取种、清种和排种等播种过程,研制出新型棉花精量膜上穴播装置.为此,首先介绍了钳夹式棉花膜上精量穴播器关键部件的结构及工作过程,然后依靠实验的方法确定了钳夹式精量穴播器的影响因素,确定了该穴播器的各因素工作水平的最佳组合,实验结果对该穴播器的大田运用及推广具有一定的指导意义.     

智能型羊群数量检测系统

针对大中型养羊场羊群的放牧和归牧羊群数量的统计,设计了一种新型智能化的羊群数量检测系统.该系统采用红外检测技术,以PIC12F675单片机为检测和控制核心,采用LED数码管显示羊群的实际数量,通过检测羊只移动方向来判断羊只是进羊舍还是出羊舍,并进行相应数量统计,当出牧和归牧羊群数量不相等时发出声音报警,从而实现智能化的过程控制.实验结果表明,该系统节约了劳动力,提高了管理质量.