Historically, intermittent fasting (IF) has been considered as an effective strategy for controlling the weight of athletes before competition. Along with excellent insight into its application in various spaces by numerous studies, increasing IF-mediated positive effects have been reported, including anti-aging, neuroprotection, especially obesity control. Recently, the gut microbiota has been considered as an essential manipulator for host energy metabolism and its structure has been reported to be sensitive to dietary structure and habits, indicating that there is a potential and strong association between IF and gut microbiota. In this paper, we focus on the crosstalk between these symbionts and energy metabolism during IF which hold the promise to optimize host energy metabolism at various physical positions, including adipose tissue, liver and intestines, and further improve milieu internal homeostasis. Moreover, this paper also discusses the positive function of a potential recommendatory strain (Akkermansia muciniphila) based on the observational data for IF-mediated alternated pattern of gut microbiota and a hopefully regulatory pathway (circadian rhythm) for gut microbiota in IF-involved improvement on host energy metabolism. Finally, this review addresses the limitation and perspective originating from these studies, such as the association with tissue-specific bio-clock and single strain research, which may continuously reveal novel viewpoints and mechanisms to understand the energy metabolism and develop new strategies for treating obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders. 相似文献
The emissions of SO2 in China correspond at present to 8–10 TgSyr?1. The rapid industrialization has caused a dramatic increase in the emissions in recent years and this increase is likely to continue. This paper describes studies of concentrations and effects of acidifying substances in parts of the Guizhou and the Sichuan provinces where the S-emissions are large. A small catchment about 10 km from Guiyang centre was equipped with instruments for studies of soils, soil water and streamwater chemistry. The molar ratio Al/(Ca+Mg) is > 0.8 in soil water in some places. Two small streams have median pH-values about 4.6 and 5.1. Laboratory studies with selected Chinese soils showed that the anion adsorption was low. These studies gave also important information on soil sensitivity. The studies confirm that acid deposition may affect soils in parts of south-western China, but the sensitivity varies dramatically and there is a strong need for more information. 相似文献
Purpose:Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causes bacterial canker of kiwifruit and is responsible for severe economic losses and emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect target bacterial hosts and may be the best strategy to prevent and control kiwifruit canker disease. The objective of this experiment was to monitor the prevalence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and provide insight for the use of phages in biological control.
Materials and methods: In this study, 52 strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae were isolated from 68 stem samples of kiwi plant (cv. Hongyang & Jinkui). Following polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, 15 isolates belonging to biovar 3 were identified, one of which was named XWY0007 and used as the target strain to isolate the phages. Thirty-six phages were isolated and purified from a total of 51 surface water samples collected in Shanghai. All phages were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and their host ranges were evaluated. Three phages, designated φXWY0013, φXWY0014 and φXWY0026 were selected and further characterised using one-step growth curve and stability at different temperatures and pH.
Results and conclusions: The isolated phages are promising for use as antimicrobials against bacterial canker in kiwi. This report is regarding Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and its phages from major areas of kiwifruit cultivation. 相似文献
Acid deposition is considered to be a major environmental problem in China, but information about effects on soils and waters is scarce. To contribute to increased knowledge about the problem a small catchment (about 7 ha) in the outskirts of Guiyang, the provincial capital of Guizhou in south-western China, was instrumented for collection of precipitation, throughfall, soil water and stream water. In addition soil samples have been collected and analyzed for key properties. Median pH in the precipitation is 4.40 (quartiles: 4.19 and 4.77) and the median sulfate concentration 228 µeq/L (quartiles: 147 and 334 µeq/L). The dry deposition of both SO2 and alkaline dust is considerable. The sum of wet deposition of sulfate and dry deposition of SO2 has been estimated to about 8.5 gSm-2yr-1. The total S-deposition may be somewhat higher due to dry deposition of sulfate and occult deposition. In soil water, SO42- is the major anion, generally ranging from 300 to 2500 µeq/L in the different plots. Calcium is an important cation, but there is also a considerable contribution of aluminum from the soil. In some of the plots the concentrations of inorganic monomeric aluminum (Ali) are typically between 200 and 400 µm. Potential harmful levels of aluminum and/or high Ali/(Ca2+ + Mg2+) molar ratios occur in the catchment, but damages to vegetation have not yet been reported. In most cases exchangeable aluminum accounts for between 75 and 95% of the total effective cation exchange capacity (CECE) in the mineral soils. The aluminum chemistry cannot easily be explained by conventional models as the Gaines-Thomas ion-exchange equation or equilibrium with an Al(OH)3 mineral phase. The stream water is generally less acidic and has considerably lower concentrations of aluminum than the soil water, even though quite acid events have been observed (pH < 4.4). The median pH values are 4.9 and 5.0 in the two first order streams and 6.3 in the dam at the lower boarder of the catchment. 相似文献