乙酯类挥发物及诱剂对沙棘绕实蝇的引诱效果

【目的】沙棘绕实蝇Rhagoletis batava Hering是近年来在新疆阿勒泰地区新发现的沙棘果实重要害虫,研究沙棘绕实蝇监测和绿色防控的新途径。【方法】在田间悬挂黄板组合不同乙酯类挥发物及诱剂对沙棘绕实蝇进行诱捕试验。以黄板、三角形诱捕器、实蝇专用蘑菇形诱捕器、白色粘虫板作为载体测试其对沙棘绕实蝇的引诱剂效果。【结果】经单因素方差分析,黄板作为载体,与其他处理相比诱捕量具有极显著差异(P ＜ 0.01),平均诱捕量为18.33头/张;悬挂密度以每667 m²悬挂40张诱捕效果最佳,蛀果率为8.27%。沙棘绕实蝇引诱剂诱集数量主要集中在前4 d。不同乙酯类挥发物及诱剂对沙棘绕实蝇成虫诱捕效果为顺序为沙棘绕实蝇引诱剂＞RDKS＞月桂酸乙酯=十四酸乙酯=棕榈酸乙酯=桔小实蝇引诱剂。【结论】沙棘绕实蝇引诱剂组合黄板对沙棘绕实蝇成虫具有极好的引诱效果,并筛选出一种挥发物RDKS对沙棘绕实蝇两性成虫均有较好的引诱效果,可作为沙棘绕实蝇引诱剂的成分之一,这两种引诱剂结合黄板可作为沙棘绕实蝇监测和防治的有效手段之一。     

竹秆硅含量以及分布

对不同龄级的温带竹种(紫竹)和热带竹种(毛笋竹和马来甜竹)竹秆中硅的总含量及分布进行了分析。不仅径级、高度和年龄,硅占刚竹属干重的0.04%~0.11%,占毛笋竹和马来甜竹干重的0.08%~0.11%,这比早期研究得出的数低很多。硅大量集中在表皮层,,虽然毛笋竹和马来甜竹的硅也存在于真皮细胞内,能量色散X射线图显示硅在刚竹属表皮中分布不均匀,更多的硅集中在表皮细胞壁内。     

骆驼刺ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立

用CTAB法提取叶片DNA,然后通过单因素实验,研究了Taq DNA聚合酶浓度、dNTPs浓度、引物浓度和Mg2+浓度4种因素对ISSR-PCR扩增的影响,建立了适合于骆驼刺的ISSR-PCR反应体系,其为25μL总体积中含1×PCR反应缓冲液(无Mg2+)、1.5U Taq DNA聚合酶、0.6 mmol/L dNTPs、0.6μmol/L引物、1.5 mmol/L MgCl2。     

A REVIEW OF SMALL ANIMAL IMAGING PLANAR AND PINHOLE SPECT γ CAMERA IMAGING

Scintigraphy (positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) techniques) allows qualitative and quantitative measurement of physiologic processes as well as alterations secondary to various disease states. With the use of specific radioligands, molecular pathways and pharmaco-kinetic processes can be investigated. Radioligand delivery can be (semi)quantified in the region of interest in cross-sectional and longitudinal examinations, which can be performed under the same conditions or after physiologic or pharmacologic interventions. Most preclinical pharmacokinetic studies on physiological and experimentally altered physiological processes are performed in laboratory animals using high-resolution imaging systems. Single photon emission imaging has the disadvantage of decreased spatial and temporal resolution compared with PET. The advantage of SPECT is that equipment is generally more accessible and commonly used radionuclides have a longer physical half-life allowing for investigations over a longer time interval. This review will focus on single photon emission scintigraphy. An overview of contemporary techniques to measure biodistribution and kinetics of radiopharmaceuticals in small animal in vivo is presented. Theoretical as well as practical aspects of planar gamma camera and SPECT pinhole (PH) imaging are discussed. Current research is focusing on refining PH SPECT methodology, so specific regarding technical aspects and applications of PH SPECT will be reviewed.     

Variability in fibre and parenchyma cell walls of temperate and tropical bamboo culms of different ages

This study tries to clarify the conflicting results from previous studies on cell wall thickening in bamboo culms by applying light and transmission electron microscopy in combination with image analysis. It focused on both fibre and parenchyma wall thickness of both temperate (Phyllostachys spp.) and tropical (Gigantochloa levis and Dendrocalamus asper) bamboo species of different ages in the light of their suitability for the wood industry. The observations indicated a great heterogeneity in cell wall thickness and cell wall layering pattern of fibres within one culm. Nested design ANOVA’s revealed a rising trend in wall thickness of late maturing fibres and parenchyma cells during the first year but significant wall thickening during later years could not be demonstrated. The high variability within one culm and between culms of the same age from 1 year on is partly masking a clear increased cell wall thickening at higher age. Nevertheless, the highest mean values for fibre wall thickness were recorded in culms of 44 months old or older, suggesting that some kind of late cell wall maturing can take place within one culm.     

地熊蜂访花行为及对番茄营养品质的影响

为了深入分析熊蜂在新疆伊犁温室番茄上的授粉行为及对营养品质的影响,以地熊蜂为材料,观察地熊蜂日活动规律,测定其出巢温度、授粉温度、蜂群30 min内的出巢数及工作时间;分别对熊蜂授粉、座果灵蘸花授粉处理(对照)的番茄进行可溶性固形物、硬度、维生素C、还原糖、总酸及种子数等营养成分的测定,明确番茄储藏期间可溶性固形物、硬度的变化规律.结果表明,地熊蜂出巢、授粉温度分别为8℃和9℃,日工作时间为10h,在13:00左右熊蜂的出巢数达到最大值;熊蜂授粉处理的番茄,其维生素C、可溶性固形物含量、硬度和种子数显著高于对照,呈极显著性差异(P＜0.01);经回归方程预测,熊蜂授粉处理的果实储存时间比对照延长5.75 d,提高番茄的保质期和营养价值.