Plantation Forests for Sustainable Wood Supply and Development in China

With the implementation of Natural Forests Protection Program, wood resource base in China is shifting from naturally grown forests to plantation forests. This paper reviews: 1) The evolution of Chinese decade-long reforestation program and its contribution to sustainable wood supply and development, and 2) impacts of "China's Natural Forest Protection Program and " Fast-Growing and High-Yield Plantation Program in China " on China's wood supply and sustainability. In addition, this paper highlights Chinese national researches on the integrated intensive management and utilization of the plantation resource.     

Water Sorption Behaviors of Five Woods above Fiber Saturation Point

Woods from Korean Larch, Chinese Fir, Aspens, Manchumian, and Fortunes Paulownia were chosen for investigation. Specimens cut from the air-dried woods had a cubic shape with nominal air-dried size of 17.0 mm and 8.5 mm. Oven-died specimens were put in containers filled with water and water sorption was implemented at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Results from the experiment could not described exactly by the model of steady state flow from Darcy' law. An empirical equation is put forward for the relationship between the water uptake and immersion time. Meanwhile the immersion time for the maximum water uptake (MWU) was predicted from the water sorption rate. The water sorption behaviors above the fiber saturation point (FSP) differed among five tested woods. Size of specimens had an influence on the water sorption. Small specimens reached their MWU more quickly than large specimens, while large specimens have a higher water sorption rate than those of small ones. MWU was estimated, and the     

A Check of Polypores on Larix in Northeast China

Polypore species growing on species of Larix Mill, in Northeast China were investigated during 1993~2003, and 73 polypores were recorded. Among them 25 species (ca. 34.2%) are considered as rare species, 28 species (ca. 38.4%) are occasional species, and 20 species (ca. 27.4%) are the common species. Gloeophyllum protractum (Fr.) Imazeki is new record to China.     

Preliminary Accounting on Economic Value of Bamboo Resource in China

The current area of bamboo resource in China is 7.21 million ha, 4.21 million ha of which is the pure bamboo forest The stock value of the bamboo resource is 30.312 billion Renminbi (RMB) yuan, the present value of actual output from bamboo wood and shoot is 149.062 billion RMB yuan. The bamboo forest land is valuated as much as 8.133 billion RMB yuan. It is raised to improve the production and management conditions of the 2nd and 3rd type bamboo forests to raise production capacity of wood and shoot and output of processed products from bamboo.     

Interpolating Topographic and Climatic Data for Spatial Analysis of Environment in China

Climate is a dominant environmental factor in building ecosystem structure and driving biotic dynamics with topographic dependence on spatial distribution. This paper demonstrates the application of interpolation technique to describe spatial climate distribution. A digital elevation model (DEM) in resolution of 0.01 degree of latitude and longitude has been developed because the incorporation of spatial dependence on topography is crucial to accuracy of interpolation. Climate data from sparse and discrete network stations were used to fit thin plate smoothing spline surfaces for monthly temperature and precipitation, which enable the regular gridded climate data set to be produced by coupling spline surfaces with underlying DEM. The summary statistics show the interpolation errors of monthly temperature varying between 0.4-0.9 ℃ and monthly precipitation, within 6%~ 11%, much better than the results of other methods. The fine resolution DEM and spatial climate data can be used as baseline of climate c     

A Study on Chemical Compositions and Fiber Characteristics of Two Sympodial Bamboos

The chemical composition and fiber characteristics of two sympodial bamboos have been studied in this paper. Based on analysis results, it is shown that the Whangee (D. Membranaceus Munro) bamboo is better than Yunnanicus bamboo(D. yunnaicus Hsueh et D. Z. Li) in utilization because of its higher specific gravity, better fiber length and its distribution rule and higher wall/lumen ratio, and that the Whangee bamboo is more suitable for papermaking and panel processing used in house construction. In addition, the higher benzene-ethanol extractives of the Whangee bamboo can be an advantage for anti-decay in architecture processing and utilization compared with the Yunnanicus bamboo.     

Review of Researches in Terrestrial Ecosystem Services——Theories and Methods

The paper has expounded the intension of ecosystem services, which indicated the effectiveness and environmental condition of survival formed and maintained during the ecosystem process. It has maintained mankind with life supporting system of survival, biology geochemistry circulation and hydrographic circulation, purify environment, balance and stability of atmospheric chemistry. This paper reviews and introduces the development and research of domestic and ecosystem services, as well as the appraising indexes and the methods of economic values assessment. At the same time, the author also put forward the opinion of himself.     

Progress in Research of Bacteria Fertilizer Strengthening Resistance of Plants

Bacteria fertilizer is used most widely among all kinds of microbial fertilizers. We summarize the research headway of bacteria fertilizer. It mainly focuses on bacteria fertilizer improving the stress resistance of plant. Then we can offer basis to research and exploit bacteria fertilizer. These bacteria include azotobacter, photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus mucilaginosus siliceous, phosphorus bacteria, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR), effective microorganism(EM).     

Laminated Panel Manufacture of Two Kinds of Bamboo for Architecture Material and Property Comparison

The manufacture technologies of two kinds of bamboo laminated panel and their physical-mechanical properties have been studied in the paper. The species of bamboo are the D. yunnanicus Hsueh et D. Z. Li in Yunnan Province and P. heterocycla var. pubescens Ohwi in Zhejiang Province. The data are offered in order to provide proof to produce architectural panel by bamboo materials. The results show as follows: Laminated bamboo panel can be produced by the reconstruction technology, and the mechanical properties of the panels reached or even exceeded some pine used in architecture. Comparing the physical-mechanical properties of laminated panel made of two bamboo species, it can be seen that properties of laminated D. yunnanicus Hsueh et D. Z. Li panel were higher than those of laminated P. heterocycla var. pubescens Ohwi panel, but dimensional stability was poorer than the latter. In the comparison of laminated directions, it can be seen that parallel panel had better mechanical properties than crossed pan     

Analysis of Forest Biodiversity Changes in China

By reference of the evaluative data of forest biodiversity changes in China from 1973 to 1998, the variation analysis models of the pressure index of forest biodiversity, forest ecosystem diversity and forest species diversity, as well as the general index of forest biodiversity are developed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Furthermore established is the relevant model of mutation of forest diversity potential functions. This paper points out that changes of forest biodiversity are generally unsteady, especially for the pressure index . The ecosystem diversity index and the species diversity index always fluctuate, resulting in the erratic changes or mutations of general index of forest biodiversity in China.