Utilization of cassava peels as substrate for crude protein formation

Mash prepared from cassava peels was inoculated with eitherSacchromyces cerevisiae orCandida tropicalis and then left to ferment for 7 days. Chemical analysis of the fermented mash showed substantial increase in crude protein content and decrease in carbohydrate content of the mash. The results also revealed slight increases in the ash, fibre and lipid content of the fermented mash. It was further observed that, when the mash was supplemented with inorganic nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium sulfate or sodium nitrate) before commencement of fermentation, the amount of crude protein formed was almost doubled. This enhanced crude protein production was highest in the mash supplemented with urea. Temperature of 30 °C, pH of 5.5 and moisture concentration of 130% were found to be optimum for crude protein formation by the organisms growing on the mash.     

Reduction of some toxicants in Icacina mannii by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The effect of fermentation on the level of some toxic components (hydrocyanic acid, phytic acid and oxalic acid) of Icacina mannii paste was investigated. The results indicate that fermentation caused a decrease in the level of these toxicants ranging from 178 mg/kg to 70 mg/kg for hydrocyanic acid, 638 mg/kg to 463 mg/kg for oxalic acid and 49 mg/kg to 21 mg/kg for phytic acid. When the paste was supplemented with acitve cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae there was a marked decrease in the level of the three toxicants ranging from 84 mg/kg to 16 mg/kg for hydrocyanic acid, 374 mg/kg to 88 mg/kg for oxalic acid and 24 mg/kg to 5 mg/kg for phytic acid. Supplementing the paste with yeast cells at a concentration of 7.5 g/kg before fermenting, resulted in approximately a 90% reduction in the level of the three toxic compounds after 144 hours of fermentation.     

The Effect of Season on Spermatozoa Motility,Plasma Membrane and Acrosome Integrity in Fresh and Frozen–Thawed Semen from Xinong Saanen Bucks

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the season of ejaculate collection influences seminal quality parameters of pre‐ and post‐freeze–thawing in Xinong Saanen bucks. Ejaculates were collected from eight bucks throughout the four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) in a 12 months’ time period, identified in the Northern Hemisphere. Semen samples were evaluated by the combinations of conventional and Computer‐Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) when fresh and after frozen–thawed, respectively. The results clearly demonstrated that season of ejaculate collection influenced (p < 0.05) fresh semen quality. Highest semen quality was observed during autumn. On the contrary, undesirable indices (significantly lower, p < 0.05) were observed in winter as compared with the other remaining seasons. CASA has clearly shown the influences of seasonal variations on semen motility parameters. Furthermore, season of ejaculate collection was also found to influence sperm freezability. Semen characteristics after frozen–thawed followed a similar pattern with that of fresh ejaculate except in spring. The results revealed that sperm quality was higher (p < 0.01) in summer and autumn than in spring and winter. In conclusion, seasonal variation influences semen quality in Xinong Saanen bucks. In addition to summer and autumn, fresh ejaculates in spring can also be successfully used for AI. Sperm from ejaculates collected during summer and autumn are more suitable for cryopreservation. Hence, it is possible to increase the efficiency of goat breeding by manipulating the seasonal variations of semen quality for immediate AI and/or cryopreservation.     

基于无线传感器网络的粮虫声信号采集系统设计

为了解决现有储粮害虫声信号采集系统存在的扩展性差、智能化程度不高、性价比较低、灵活性不强、数据传输能力较弱等问题,该文分析了现有储粮害虫声信号采集系统存在的局限性,在此基础上,利用无线传感器网络和压缩感知技术,设计了一种新型储粮害虫声信号采集系统,给出了系统结构和软硬件实现方法,并将其用于采集储粮罐内赤拟谷盗成虫的爬行声。试验结果表明,系统设计方案合理可行,且由于使用了压缩感知技术,在采样频率为10 KHz的情况下,可实现20个采集节点所产生的声信号原始采样数据的远程、实时、可靠无线传输。该研究为无线传感器网络在储粮害虫防治中的应用做出了探索。     

日光节能温室油桃早果丰产栽培试验

就日光节能温室油桃早果丰产栽培技术从大苗定植、扣时间的确定、全园覆膜、多效唑控冠、蜜蜂与人工辅助授粉等几个方面进行了试验和探讨     

外源性cAMP和cGMP对黑白花奶牛泌乳性能的影响

对泌乳黑白花奶牛分别注射cAMP+cGMP组合剂、组合剂cGMP和自制环核苷酸组合剂(cAMP+cGMP).注射当月各组奶牛产奶量无差异;注射后1月,奶牛日平均产奶量比对照分别提高14.1%、23.6%和19.7%,差异达显着水平(P<0.05).对血液和乳生化指标测定结果表明,cGMP是提高黑白花奶牛产奶量的主要调节物;环核苷酸主要通过cGMP升高血糖、加快乳腺细胞乳的合成速度,从而使产奶量提高.     

RADIOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN TESTES OF BULLS INFECTED WITH BESNOITIOSIS

Ten beef bulls infected with Besnoitiosis were examined radiographically and pathologically. Eight of these were slaughtered soon after diagnosis; two were left for a six-month observation period. The radiographic findings were focal and branching-tree calcification of the testes. Histopathologic examination proved these calcifications to be necrotic sections of the seminiferous tubules. Radiography of the testes as a means of evaluating the fertility status of the infected bull is recommended.     

The Relationship Between Post‐Thaw Sperm DNA Integrity and Non‐Return Rate Among Norwegian Cross‐Bred Rams

With the aim of investigating the relationship between sperm DNA integrity and non‐return rate (NRR) among Norwegian cross‐bred rams, semen from 15 individuals was examined by flow cytometry. Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) quantifies the proportion of spermatozoa with denatured DNA after in situ acid treatment, and the four parameters % DFI, % HDS, MEAN DFI and SD DFI are all different measures of DNA denaturation and maturation. Field fertility, reported as NRR 25 days after insemination was based on all inseminations from a large‐scale breeding programme and supplied by the Norwegian Association of Sheep and Goat Farmers. From each ram, four straws from four different weeks of the breeding season were analysed, and the associations between 25‐day NRR and the mean of the four SCSA parameters were tested using a logistic regression model. The results revealed no association between fertility and % DFI or % HDS, while SD DFI and MEAN DFI showed a significant negative association with NRR. Further, the SCSA values varied significantly between ejaculates within ram among some of the rams in the study. However, no significant association was seen between these intra‐individual differences in sperm DNA integrity and NRR. In conclusion, this study suggests an association between sperm DNA integrity and NRR for rams. However, further research must be conducted to confirm these findings and determine whether sperm DNA assessments can be applied to predict ram fertility.     

Major compositional units of the moon: lunar prospector thermal and fast neutrons

Global maps of thermal and fast neutron fluxes from the moon suggest three end-member compositional units. A high thermal and low fast neutron flux unit correlates with the lunar highlands and is consistent with feldspathic rocks. The South Pole-Aitken basin and a strip that surrounds the nearside maria have intermediate thermal and fast neutron flux levels, consistent with more mafic rocks. There appears to be a smooth transition between the most mafic and feldspathic compositions, which correspond to low and high surface altitudes, respectively. The maria show low thermal and high fast neutron fluxes, consistent with basaltic rocks.