Evaluation of the link between gyrodactylosis and streptococcosis of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

Streptococcus iniae and Gyrodactylus niloticus are two common pathogens of cultured Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. We studied concurrent infection of tilapia by G. niloticus and S. iniae and evaluated whether parasitism in tilapia with Gyrodactylus increased susceptibility and mortality following immersion infection with S. iniae. Results showed that death mainly occurred in fish with G. niloticus and challenged with S. iniae (G-S group). The accumulative mortality (42.2%) was significantly higher in the G-S group than in fish not infected by the parasite (6.7%), but exposed to S. iniae. Bacteriological examination revealed S. iniae from > or =92% of dead or moribund fish challenged with S. iniae. Gyrodactylus not only damaged fish epithelium and provided entry for invasive bacteria but also was found to harbour viable cells of S. iniae for 24 and 72 h. Streptococcus iniae was isolated from 60% and 40% of G. niloticus collected from fish infected by intraperitoneal injection or immersion, respectively, at 24 h post-challenge. The present study confirms that parasitism of tilapia by G. niloticus increased host mortality following exposure to the bacterial pathogen S. iniae.     

Environmental and physiological conditions affecting Tetrahymena sp. infection in guppies, Poecilia reticulata Peters

Parasitic infections caused by Tetrahymena sp. constitute a serious problem in guppies, Poecilia reticulata. Tetrahymena was isolated from skin lesions of naturally infected guppies in a commercial aquaculture farm, cultured in vitro and used in subsequent experimental infections. In addition to guppies, angelfish, Pterophyllum scalare, platyfish, Xiphophorus maculates, and neontetra, Paracheirodon innesi, were susceptible, whereas tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus xO. aureus) was resistant. The ciliate had a high affinity for dead fish. Skin abrasion did not affect the infection, but fish with gas bubble disease exhibited a significantly higher infection than non-affected fish. Infection was significantly higher when fish were exposed to high levels of ammonia, high organic load and low water temperatures. Under shipment conditions, infection was significantly elevated. Full recovery was achieved at a low fish density. Results suggest that poor environmental and physiological conditions enhance infection with Tetrahymena sp.     

Complete developmental cycle of Myxobolus pseudodispar (Gorbunova) (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae)

Myxobolus pseudodispar (Gorbunova) is a common parasite of the muscle of roach, Rutilus rutilus L., whereas its actinosporean development occurs in two oligochaete alternate hosts. This paper reports the complete developmental cycle of this parasite in the oligochaete alternate host Tubifex tubifex and the roach. In laboratory experiments, parasite-free T. tubifex specimens were infected by myxospores of M. pseudodispar collected from roach in Lake Balaton. Parasite-free roach fingerlings were infected with floating triactinospores (TAMs) released from oligochaetes on day 69 after challenge. Young plasmodia and spores in roach were first recorded on day 80 post-exposure (p.e.). Myxospores collected from experimentally infected roach initiated a new development in T. tubifex and the resulting TAMs infected roach. No infection of roach resulted from feeding oligochaetes containing mature triactinospores.     

高致病性猪蓝耳病毒及猪圆环病毒2型混合感染的诊断

[目的]对湖北省某猪场发生的以体温升高、部分病猪死亡等为主要特征的疾病进行诊断。[方法]采集发病猪的脾脏、淋巴结等样品,应用PCR方法进行实验室检测。[结果]经实验室检验,结合临床症状,诊断为HP．PRRSV及PCV2混合感染。高致病性猪蓝耳病毒阳性率为40％,猪圆环病毒2型阳性率为90％。[结论]通过采取综合防控措施,病情得到有效控制,减少了猪场的经济损失。     

锈叶杜鹃菌根的侵染特性及其与土壤养分的相关性

为探明锈叶杜鹃菌根侵染特征,采用碱解离酸性品红染色法对贵阳市乌当万亩杜鹃林景区的锈叶杜鹃进行了菌根侵染情况及菌丝体形态观察,并分析了其土壤的养分含量。结果表明：锈叶杜鹃菌根菌丝体形态可分为粗菌丝体（直径2～6μm）和细菌丝体（直径1～2μm）两类,粗菌丝体有5种类型,细菌丝体有6种类型;锈叶杜鹃的菌根侵染率上坡显著高于中坡和下坡,中坡显著高于下坡;侵染率的高低与根际土壤总氮、水解性氮、SOC、腐殖土层厚度等呈显著正相关,与土壤 pH、全钾呈显著负相关。     

乳牛片形吸虫病治疗前后的血液学变化

感染牛的血清蛋白和某些血清酶的活性,血清总蛋白浓度和GPT、ARG、CHE的活性值,均在正常范围之内,GOT的活性值在虫体移行的末期和出现临床症状的早期明显升高,γ-GT、AMLY和AKP的活性增高与成虫在胆管内定植并与出现临床症状同步。国产丙硫苯咪唑10mg/kg体重剂量驱虫既高效,副作用又     

Effects of Soil Conditions on the Prevalence of Netted Scab

Abstract

In two field trial series different planting techniques, used to alter soil conditions at planting time, and rates of seed infection with netted scab were compared regarding their effects on plant development, yield, tuber size distribution and the prevalence of netted scab in the progeny. A greenhouse pot experiment was also carried out to study the influence of soil contamination and infection of seed with the netted scab organism on the prevalence of netted scab in the progeny. Both seed infection and planting technique affected the progeny tuber infection with netted scab. Seed infection also negatively influenced plant development and yield. It is concluded that seed infection affects plant development and yield more than soil contamination does, whereas soil contamination is more an important source of progeny tuber infection.