棉蚜对吡虫啉抗性的初步研究

用吡虫啉对棉蚜进行室内抗性筛选,用药处理25次后抗性是筛选前的20.03倍;2007年对田间棉蚜进行抗性调查,发现不同地区种群对吡虫啉的抗性差异显著,江苏南京种群最为敏感,河南安阳、山东泰安和北京地区棉蚜与之相比,抗性分别为2.21、7.63和9.53倍;抗、感品系解毒酶活力分析发现,抗性品系的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性增加很少(比活力1.12倍),但酯酶活力显著高于敏感品系(比活力1.71倍);增效试验结果表明,顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)在抗、感品系中对吡虫啉均没有明显的增效作用,而磷酸三苯酯(TPP)和增效醚(PBO)虽然在敏感品系中对吡虫啉的增效作用较小(SR 1.24和1.29),但在抗性品系中的增效作用显著增高(SR 2.13和1.74);此外还发现,吡虫啉处理可提高棉蚜群体的酯酶活力。由此认为,棉蚜至少具有对吡虫啉产生中等水平抗性的风险,其抗性可能是由于棉蚜的酯酶和P450单加氧酶的解毒能力提高所致。     

阿维菌素·吡虫啉复配剂对菜蚜的室内毒力与田间防效

室内毒力测定结果显示,阿维菌素与吡虫啉等量复配对菜蚜(Lipaphiserysimi(Kaltenbach))的毒力指数分别为阿维菌素的1.6倍和吡虫啉的4.9倍,共毒系数达244.38,具有明显的增效作用。田间小区试验表明,使用1%阿·吡悬浮剂1000、2000、3000倍液防治菜蚜,药后7d的防效分别为98.79%、96.63%、94.31%。     

Report of resistance to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid in Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Susceptibilities of UK and mainland European samples of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid were investigated over a 7 year period. All 24 strains collected between 1997 and 2003 showed similar baseline levels of susceptibility to that of a known susceptible laboratory strain when exposed to a diagnostic concentration (128 mg L(-1)) of formulated imidacloprid. Two samples collected during 2004, one from the UK and one from The Netherlands, demonstrated reduced susceptibility at this concentration. Using dose-response assays, the presence of resistant individuals was disclosed in both these strains; some individuals were unaffected at doses high enough to induce phytotoxic effects. This report represents the first confirmed cases of neonicotinoid resistance inducing control failures in T. vaporariorum, and highlights a need for careful vigilance to sustain the effectiveness of imidacloprid and related neonicotinoid insecticides.     

Current status of insecticide resistance in Q biotype Bemisia tabaci populations from Crete

BACKGROUND: A major problem of crop protection in Crete, Greece, is the control of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) with chemical insecticides owing to the rapid development of resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the establishment of resistance and the underlying mechanisms to major insecticide classes with classical bioassays and known biochemical resistance markers. RESULTS: During a 2005–2007 survey, 53 Q biotype populations were collected. Application history records showed extensive use of neonicotinoids, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. High resistance levels were identified in the majority of populations (>80%) for imidacloprid (RF: 38–1958×) and α‐cypermethrin (RF: 30–600×). Low resistance levels (RF < 12) were observed for pirimiphos‐methyl. A strong correlation between resistance to imidacloprid and the number of applications with neonicotinoids was observed. Significant correlations were observed between COE and P450‐dependent monoxygenase activity with resistance to α‐cypermethrin and imidacloprid respectively. A propoxur‐based AChE diagnostic test indicated that iAChE was widespread in most populations. Resistance levels for α‐cypermethrin were increased when compared with a previous survey (2002–2003). Differentiation of LC₅₀ values between localities was observed for imidacloprid only. CONCLUSION: Bemisia tabaci resistance evolved differently in each of the three insecticides studied. Imidacloprid resistance seems less established and less persistent than α‐cypermethrin resistance. The low resistance levels for pirimiphos‐methyl suggest absence of cross‐resistance with other organophosphates or carbamates used. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antifeedant and sublethal effects of imidacloprid on Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri

BACKGROUND: Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, transmits the causal bacteria of the devastating citrus disease huanglongbing (HLB). Because of the variation in spatial and temporal uptake and systemic distribution of imidacloprid applied to citrus trees and its degradation over time in citrus trees, ACP adults and nymphs are exposed to concentrations that may not cause immediate mortality but rather sublethal effects. The objective of this laboratory study was to determine the effects of sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid on ACP life stages. RESULTS: Feeding by ACP adults and nymphs on plants treated daily with a sublethal concentration (0.1 µg mL^?1) of imidacloprid significantly decreased adult longevity (8 days), fecundity (33%) and fertility (6%), as well as nymph survival (12%) and developmental rate compared with untreated controls. The magnitude of these negative effects was directly related to exposure duration and concentration. Furthermore, ACP adults that fed on citrus leaves treated systemically with lethal and sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid excreted significantly less honeydew (7–94%) compared with controls in a concentration‐dependent manner suggesting antifeedant activity of imidacloprid. CONCLUSIONS: Sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid negatively affect development, reproduction, survival and longevity of ACP, which likely contributes to population reductions over time. Also, reduced feeding by ACP adults on plants treated with sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid may potentially decrease the capacity of ACP to successfully acquire and transmit the HLB causal pathogen. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

农田尾菜发酵过程中农药残留变化特征

基于尾菜中存在农药残留的现状,以设施农业尾菜黄瓜秧为研究对象,采用气相色谱法和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测了尾菜黄瓜秧在静态好氧发酵过程中多菌灵、吡虫啉、哒螨灵等50种农药残留的动态变化,并分析发酵重要影响因子堆高对农药残留消解的影响。结果表明:在尾菜黄瓜秧中共检测出腐霉利、多菌灵、嘧菌酯、苯醚甲环唑、烯酰吗啉、虫螨腈、吡虫啉、啶虫脒和哒螨灵9种农药残留,其中多菌灵平均残留量最高,达11.2 mg/kg,其他8种农药平均残留量在0.042~0.89 mg/kg之间。在发酵的24 d中,不同堆高条件下9种农药的消解规律均符合一级反应动力学方程,但不同农药半衰期差异较大,其中吡虫啉的平均半衰期最长,为28.9 d,多菌灵的平均半衰期最短,为10.2 d;不同堆高处理中农药的消解速率也有差异,总体上在2.5 m堆高下各农药的消解率最高、半衰期最短。本研究结果可为尾菜发酵参数优化、农业废弃物的高效资源化利用以及研发基于尾菜发酵产物的有机蔬菜专用有机肥提供理论支撑。     

吡虫啉及其复配剂不同施药方法对油菜蚜虫控制效果

2006-2009年,采用拌种和播种沟施药的方法,于河南郑州研究了新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉及吡虫啉.辛硫磷复配剂对油菜蚜虫的全程控制效果。小区试验结果表明,用吡虫啉有效成分5g/kg种子拌种仅能有效控制苗期油菜蚜虫的危害,防治效果为90.79%～100%,对中后期油菜蚜虫控制效果不明显;用吡虫啉600g/hm2及吡虫啉.辛硫磷复配剂1320g/hm2采用播种沟施药对油菜蚜虫的防治效果分别为91.82%～94.49%和90.68%～95.34%;试验示范验证防治效果在92%以上,持效期长达7个月以上,可以达到一次用药控制油菜整个生长期蚜虫为害的效果,减少了用药次数,此方法简单易行、保护环境、保护天敌,是一种简化高效的具有推广价值的油菜蚜虫可持续控制技术。     

吡虫啉亚致死剂量对日本通草蛉实验种群生命表的影响

为评价吡虫啉对日本通草蛉Chrysoperla nipponensis(Okamoto)实验种群的亚致死效应,采用浸渍法处理日本通草蛉卵,测定了吡虫啉亚致死剂量LC_(10)、LC_(20)、LC_(30)对日本通草蛉生长发育、繁殖力和生命表参数的影响。结果表明,经吡虫啉亚致死剂量LC_(10)、LC_(20)、LC_(30)处理后,日本通草蛉幼虫发育历期和蛹期分别延长0.86~2.04 d和1.00~2.37 d,平均单头蛹重降低1.16~1.56 mg,羽化率降低6.13%~13.08%;雌虫产卵前期延长0.19~0.51 d,每雌平均产卵量减少17.75~51.64粒,寿命减少1.75~2.84 d;内禀增长力(r_m)、净繁殖率(R_0)和周限增长率(λ)均显著降低,平均世代历期(T)和种群加倍时间(D_t)均显著延长。研究表明,吡虫啉亚致死剂量对日本通草蛉种群的增长具有抑制作用。