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1.
杀菌剂SYP-4288对几种常见土传病害的防治效果   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用室内盆栽试验测定了杀菌剂SYP-4288对立枯丝核菌引起的棉花立枯病、大豆疫霉根腐病及瓜果腐霉菌引起的黄瓜猝倒病的防效。结果表明,SYP-4288推荐剂量下对3种病害具有较好防效。最高推荐剂量下对棉花立枯病、黄瓜猝倒病和大豆根腐病防效分别为72.67%±10.59%、100%和82.62%±12.48%。SYP-4288对西瓜枯萎病田间药效试验表明,SYP-4288最高推荐剂量下对西瓜枯萎病防效为56.82%~66.51%,好于或相当于对照药剂。基于室内与田间药效试验结果,SYP-4288可以推荐用于防治瓜果蔬菜常见土传病害。  相似文献   
2.
    
Intercropping systems influence yield variables of the component crops, such as harvest index, hundred seed weight, number of reproductive organs and number of seeds, within each reproductive unit. Two experiments were carried out at each of two sites during 1993 and 1994. The first experiment investigated the effects of seeding soybean or lupin alone or in combination with one of three forages (annual ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam.; perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L.; red clover, Trifolium pratense L.) with corn on the yield components of corn, soybean and lupin. The second experiment examined the effects of seeding date (simultaneous with corn or 3 weeks later) and number of rows of large seeded legumes (one or two) seeded between the corn rows. Corn grain yield was generally not affected by any intercrop treatment, although in 1993 some simultaneously seeded treatments resulted in decreased yields. Soybean grain yield was decreased by most treatments, although some simultaneous seedings produced yields similar to soybean monocrops. Lupin grew poorly as an intercrop component, producing little or no grain. Corn harvest index was not affected by any intercrop treatments. Seeding corn and large-seeded legumes simultaneously resulted in decreases in corn hundred seed weights by as much as 6.6 g compared with the monocropped corn. In 1993 (a year with normal precipitation levels), the hundred seed weight and number of seeds per soybean pod were decreased by intercropping, although the harvest index was not affected. In a high precipitation year (1994), the soybean harvest index was decreased by intercropping, but not the seed components. The underseeded forages, annual ryegrass, perennial ryegrass and red clover, had no effect on yields or yield components of the other intercropped species.  相似文献   
3.
稀土对南果梨着色及果实品质的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
选取6 a生生长势与负载量相似的南果梨树20株,以300×10-6、400×10-65、00×10-6mol/L 3个Lenth浓度喷施(5次重复),每隔5 d采摘树体外围果实,每株3次重复,直至采收期(9月11日),分别测定其相关指标。来研究稀土(Lenth)对南果梨成熟期间花青素、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素以及果实品质的影响。结果表明:Lenth处理有效地促进了南果梨果皮花青素含量,降低了果皮叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,增加了果肉可溶性糖含量及单果重,降低了有机酸含量。Lenth最佳的施用浓度为500×10-6mol/L。  相似文献   
4.
    
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5.
以水为提取剂进行山药多糖的提取,利用正交法确定山药水溶性多糖的最佳提取条件为:粉碎程度100目、料液比1︰45、提取温度45℃、提取时间2.5h。此条件下多糖得率最高,是提取山药多糖较理想的工艺条件。山药水溶性多糖提取液经透析纯化,干燥后为深黄色固体,得率为2.97%。  相似文献   
6.
    
Fluopicolide and pyraclostrobin were new systemic fungicides with highly inhibitory activity on a broad spectrum of oomycetes, but so far the fungitoxicity of their mixtures on the different developmental stages of Phytophthora infestans and whether synergism exists have not been investigated. The joint-toxicity of the mixtures of fluopicolide with pyraclostrobin was determined against the different developmental stages (mycelial growth, zoospore release, cystospore germination and sporangial germination) of P. infestans and late blight on the leaf discs and the potted plants of potato, and whether the synergistic interaction exists in the mixtures of the two fungicides were evaluated in vitro and in vivo based on the synergistic ratios calculated with the Wadley formulas. The protective activity and curative activity against P. infestans and the efficacy duration in controlling potato late blight of the synergistic mixtures of the two fungicides were examined in this study. The results showed that mixtures of fluopicolide (F) and pyraclostrobin (P) at the ratios of 10:1 and 1:4 (F:P) exhibited synergistic interactions and had excellent inhibitory activity against almost all developmental stages of P. infestans. Synergistic interactions of the mixtures at the ratios of 1:4 and 10:1 (F:P) against the mycelial growth of metalaxyl-resistant isolates were more obvious than against the mycelial growth of metalaxyl-sensitive isolates. Synergistic interactions of the mixtures at the ratio of 1:4 (F:P) against the mycelial growth of the most of the tested isolates were more obvious than those of the mixtures at the ratio of 10:1 (F:P). The highest activity of the mixtures was observed against zoospore release at the ratio of 1:4 (F:P) with EC50 value of 0.0044 μg ml−1. The strongest synergistic interaction of the mixtures was observed against zoospore release at the ratio of 10:1 (F:P) with the synergistic ratio of 5.27. The mixtures of fluopicolide and pyraclostrobin at the ratios of 1:4 and 10:1 (F:P) showed synergistic interactions against P. infestans on the leaf discs and intact plants of potato. The EC50 values for protective activity and curative activity of the mixture at the ratio of 10:1 (F:P) were 0.63 μg ml−1 and 0.87 μg ml−1, and EC50 values of protective activity and curative activity of the mixture at the ratio of 1:4 (F:P) were 0.27 μg ml−1 and 0.44 μg ml−1, respectively. At 14 days after spraying of fungicide solutions, the disease control efficacy of the mixtures at the ratios of 10:1 and 1:4 (F:P) was still over 80% at the dosages of 50 μg ml−1 and 100 μg ml−1, and the disease control efficacy of the two mixtures remained at about 97% at the dosages of 200 μg ml−1, indicating long-lasting effective control efficacy of the two fungicides against potato late blight.  相似文献   
7.
The abundance and functional structure of soil micro- (nematodes) and mesofauna (collembolans and mites) in relation to species diversity and initial C:N ratio of plant litter were studied in a field mesocosm experiment. A total of five litter treatments were applied to generate an increasing diversity of plant species (one, three and 12 species) and/or differences in initial C:N ratio of the litter (low, intermediate and high ratio). Samples were taken 3, 6 and 24 months after the litter exposure. On each sampling date litter and underlying sand samples were taken. Our results showed that litter quality, but not litter diversity was the factor which affected the three animal groups under study. The effect of litter was dependent on the time of litter exposure. Nematode fauna colonized litter earlier than the two mesofaunal groups. Nematodes responded apparently to litter quality gradient at early stages of litter decomposition. Three months after the start of the experiment the highest density of nematodes was noticed in single species litter of Trifolium pratense. Bacterial-feeding nematodes dominated in all litter treatments; on the first sampling date their percent share in Trifolium litter reached even 99.9%. Opposite to nematodes at late stages of litter decomposition the two mesofaunal groups seemed to show some preferences for low quality litter of Festuca rubra. Collembolan and nematode diversity was affected in similar way by the litter quality; the lowest diversity of the animal communities was found in the litter of the lowest initial C:N ratio. Maturity index of nematode communities was found to be a good index to differentiate between litters of different quality. The abundance and community structure of the three animal groups in underlying sandy soil was not significantly influenced by experimental conditions.  相似文献   
8.
亚硫酸氢钠对茄子幼苗光合作用的影响   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
本试验以茄子幼苗为试材,研究NaHSO3对光合作用的影响.试验结果表明:高浓度NaHSO3抑制光合速率,低浓度的NaHSO3促进光合速率,300 mg/L NaHSO3为促进光合速率的最佳浓度.NaHSO3可提高茄子幼苗光饱和点,降低光补偿点、CO2补偿点.NaHSO3促进PSI光合电子传递,提高Rubisco的羧化活性和加氧活性,同时Rubisco的羧化活性与加氧活生的比值提高.  相似文献   
9.
[目的]研究菱镁矿粉尘对土壤理化性质的影响以及构树对镁粉尘污染土壤的耐受性.[方法]采用盆栽试验,室内模拟氧化镁粉尘沉降、人工掺和废矿堆.[结果]当镁粉尘施加量小于10%时,促进构树生长,当土壤镁含量为4.17 g/kg时,构树单株生物量达3.46g,明显大于洁净土壤的生物量(2.81 g);构树对生长土质的要求低,土壤中矿石含量25%时,生物量最大为6.12g,明显比洁净土壤生物量高出3.31 g;施加镁粉尘明显改变了构树生长土壤的理化性质,pH由6.78升到9.48,电导率先增加到651.8 μS/cm后降至375.7 μS/cm,速效磷含量从52.1 mg/kg降至16.9 mg/kg,全镁含量从1.403 g/kg升至9.015 g/kg.[结论]构树对镁具有较强耐受能力,并对生长土质要求低,在不同程度破损土质中均能健康生长,在修复菱镁矿区镁污染土地方面具有相当大的潜力.  相似文献   
10.
规模养殖的牲畜排泄物堆积将影响牲畜本身的健康、引起环境污染和清理人员身体健康问题,因此确定最佳清理时间的评估方案显得尤为重要.文章基于模型法对排泄行为进行定态化假设,引入排泄物状态预测模型,对人工清理和水冲机器清理的两种主流清理方式确定最佳清理时间,最终采用种群模型优化定态化假设分析改进.  相似文献   
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