Leaf photosynthesis is enhanced in normal oil maize pollinated by high oil maize hybrids

The grain yield of normal oil maize (Zea mays L.) might increase when pollinated by high oil maize (HOM) hybrids because of heterosis. To testify that the grain yield increase might be a result of improved photosynthetic rate and related traits, the normal oil maize (NOM) hybrid, Nongda108, was cross-pollinated by three HOM hybrids, HOM202, HOM115 and HOM4515 (for short as ND108pHOM202, ND108pHOM115 and ND108pHOM4515). We found that the ND108pHOM202 and ND108pHOM115 exhibited higher net photosynthetic rate (P_n), accompanied by larger stomatal conductance (g_s) and transpiration rate (E). Moreover, delayed leaf senescence was observed in their leaves, including larger leaf area index (LAI) and higher Chl content and Chl a/b ratio. Apart from higher phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) activity, the soluble proteins were also higher in the two cross-pollinations. The higher leaf photosynthesis could explain the grain increase in ND108pHOM202 and ND108pHOM115. However, ND108pHOM4515 exhibited a decreased photosynthetic characteristic and yield performance. Significantly positive relation between grain yield and biomass (r² = 0.96, P < 0.05), P_n and biomass (r² = 0.74, P < 0.05) also suggested that the yield increase in the two cross-pollination treatments was generally owing to the higher photosynthetic rate and related photosynthetic traits.     

几个草莓新品种的试验与示范

从引进的草莓品种中选择了‘章姬'‘幸香'‘卡姆罗莎'3个新品种,以‘丰香'为对照,在522个大棚中进行试验示范。结果显示,3个新品种分别比对照增产33.3%、24.4%和46.7%,经济效益分别提高44.4%、24.4%和41.9%,而且品质优良,抗病性强,为大面积的推广应用提供了依据。     

MeJA regulates enzymes involved in ascorbic acid and glutathione metabolism and improves chilling tolerance in loquat fruit

This study investigated the regulation of ascorbate acid (AsA) and glutathione metabolism and chilling tolerance by methyl jamonate (MeJA) in loquat fruit. The results showed that application of MeJA to loquat fruit inhibited the incidence of chilling injury manifested as internal browning (IB) and increased AsA and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents due to the inhibition of ascorbate oxidase activity and enhancement of monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase activities. Meanwhile, MeJA also enhanced activities of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase. Our results suggested that MeJA can regulate the ascorbate and glutathione metabolism and has important roles in alleviating oxidative damage and enhancing chilling tolerance in loquat fruit.     

应用于移动终端的禽舍环境监控系统的设计与实现

随着移动通信技术和移动终端技术的快速发展,智能移动终端已普遍成为人们生活中随身携带的上网工具。基于物联网技术设计开发的禽舍环境监控系统,应用于移动终端,即可实现对家禽养殖环境随时随地实时监测,进而根据监测数据并结合家禽生长发育规律远程控制相关设备,提高家禽生产的现代化、智能化管理水平,达到集约、健康、高产、高效、节能的目的。     

Nitrogen use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as influenced by wheat–cotton cropping systems

Wheat–cotton rotations largely increase crop yield and improve resources use efficiency, such as the radiation use efficiency. However, little information is available on the nitrogen (N) utilization and requirement of cotton under wheat–cotton rotations. This study was to determine the N uptake and use efficiency by evaluating the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) N use and the soil N balances, which will help to improve N resource management in wheat–cotton rotations. Field experiments were conducted during 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 growing seasons in the Yangtze River region in China. Two cotton cultivars (Siza 3, mid-late maturity with 130 days growth duration; CCRI 50, early maturity with 110 days growth duration) were planted under four cropping systems including monoculture cotton (MC), wheat/intercropped cotton (W/IC), wheat/transplanted cotton (W/TC) and wheat/direct-seeded cotton (W/DC). The N uptake and use efficiency of cotton were quantified under different cropping systems. The results showed that wheat–cotton rotations decreased the cotton N uptake through reducing the N accumulation rate and shortening the duration of fast N accumulation phase as compared to the monoculture cotton. Compared with MC, the N uptake of IC, TC and DC were decreased by 12.0%, 20.5% and 23.4% for Siza 3, respectively, and 7.3%, 10.7% and 17.6% for CCRI 50, respectively. Wheat–cotton rotations had a lower N harvest index as a consequence of the weaker sink capacity in the cotton plant caused by the delayed fruiting and boll formation. Wheat–cotton rotations used N inefficiently relative to the monoculture cotton, showing consistently lower level of the N agronomic use efficiency (NAE), N apparent recovery efficiency (NRE), N physiological efficiency (NPE) and N partial factor productivity (NPFP), particularly for DC. Relative to the mid–late maturity cultivar of Siza 3, the early maturity cultivar of CCRI 50 had higher N use efficiency in wheat–cotton rotations. An analysis of the crop N balance suggested that the high N excess in preceding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in wheat–cotton rotations led to significantly higher N surpluses than the monoculture cotton. The N management for the cotton in wheat–cotton rotations should be improved by means of reducing the base fertilizer input and increasing the bloom application.     

中子仪测定土壤水分方法的研究进展

中子仪测定土壤水分方法的核心内容是中子计数与土壤含水量的曲线标定,为了绘制精确的能够应用于不同土壤层次、土壤质地、土壤有机质含量和土壤剖面含水量变化等条件的标定曲线,通过对已取得的不同土壤条件下标定曲线文献的整理分析,从中子仪测水的工作原理出发,分析了影响中子仪测定土壤水分的主要因素,概括了测水所遇到的主要问题及其解决的方法,并对准确测定含水量层状变化土壤,提出标定曲线绘制的可行方法。根据中子计数值不仅与土壤容积含水量有关,而且还与水分和中子计数器的距离有关,提出了进一步准确标定曲线的研究方法。