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排序方式： 共有8753条查询结果，搜索用时 24 毫秒
1.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,104(2):221-236
This study was to assess selection criteria for salt tolerance in halophytic seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) ecotypes, and to determine influence of salinity on water status. Nine seashore paspalums exhibiting the widest range of salinity tolerance were grown in a greenhouse using nutrient/sand culture. Comparative salinity tolerance was determined by measuring shoot, root, and verdure dry weights at six salinity levels (1.2–49.7 dS m−1). Threshold ECw (electrical conductivity of water), ECw50%, ECw25%, and leaf firing (LF50) were also measured. Total water potential (Ψw), solute potential (Ψs), turgor pressure (Ψp), and relative water content (RWC) were determined as measures of water status across salinity levels. Based on the number of times in the top (best) statistical category for growth measurements, SI 93-2 and HI 101 were the most salt-tolerant ecotypes, while Adalayd was least tolerant. Results indicated that comprehensive assessment of salt tolerance using different tissues across salinity levels up to ECw50 were desirable and repeatable in halophytic seashore paspalums. The criteria ECw50%, ECw25%, and LF50 were also useful in ranking of salt tolerance, but threshold ECw was not reliable in halophytic turfgrass. Shoot Ψw and Ψs decreased continuously in all ecotypes as salinity increased. Trends in shoot growth of salt-tolerant SI 93-2 and HI 101 and least tolerant Adalayd paralleled responses of shoot Ψp with the more tolerant ecotypes maintaining more favorable Ψp and growth. Among parameters of water relations, shoot Ψw and Ψp were found to have the largest effects, which accounted for 82% and 22% of variations of shoot and root growth of seashore paspalums, respectively. 相似文献
2.
《Agricultural Water Management》2006,79(1):43-71
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is widely planted in the Middle Anatolian Region, especially in the Nigde-Nevsehir district where 25% of the total potato growing area is located and produces 44% of the total yield. In recent years, the farmers in the Nigde-Nevsehir district have been applying high amounts of nitrogen (N) fertilizers (sometimes more than 900 kg N ha−1) and frequent irrigation at high rates in order to get a much higher yield. This situation results in increased irrigation and fertilization costs as well as polluted ground water resources and soil. Thus, it is critical to know the water and nitrogen requirements of the crop, as well as how to improve irrigation efficiency. Field experiments were conducted in the Nigde-Nevsehir (arid) region on a Fluvents (Entisols) soil to determine water and nitrogen requirements of potato crops under sprinkler and trickle irrigation methods. Irrigation treatments were based on Class A pan evaporation and nitrogen levels were formed with different nitrogen concentrations.The highest yield, averaging 47,505 kg ha−1, was measured in sprinkler-irrigated plots at the 60 g m−3 nitrogen concentration level in the irrigation treatment with limited irrigation (480 mm). Statistically higher tuber yields were obtained at the 45 and 60 g m−3 nitrogen concentration levels in irrigation treatments with full and limited irrigation. Maximum yields were obtained with about 17% less water in the sprinkler method as compared to the trickle method (not statistically significant). On the loam and sandy loam soils, tuber yields were reduced by deficit irrigation corresponding to 70% and 74% of evapotranspiration in sprinkler and trickle irrigations, respectively. Water use of the potato crop ranged from 490 to 760 mm for sprinkler-irrigated plots and 565–830 mm for trickle-irrigated treatments. The highest water use efficiency (WUE) levels of 7.37 and 4.79 kg m−3 were obtained in sprinkle and trickle irrigated plots, respectively. There were inverse effects of irrigation and nitrogen levels on the WUE of the potato crops. Significant linear relationships were found between tuber yield and water use for both irrigation methods. Yield response factors were calculated at 1.05 for sprinkler methods and 0.68 for trickle methods. There were statistically significant linear and polynomial relationships between tuber yield and nitrogen amounts used in trickle and sprinkler-irrigated treatments, respectively. In sprinkler-irrigated treatments, the maximum tuber yield was obtained with 199 kg N ha−1. The tuber cumulative nitrogen use efficiency (NUEcu) and incremental nitrogen use efficiency (NUEin) were affected quite differently by water, nitrogen levels and years. NUEcu varied from 16 to 472 g kg−1 and NUEin varied from 75 to 1035 g kg−1 depending on the irrigation method. In both years, the NH4-N concentrations were lower than NO3-N, and thus the removed nitrogen and nitrogen losses were found to be 19–87 kg ha−1 for sprinkler methods and 25–89 kg ha−1 for trickle methods. Nitrogen losses in sprinkler methods reached 76%, which were higher than losses in trickle methods. 相似文献
3.
《Agricultural Water Management》2006,79(2):137-159
A detailed field experiment was carried out in the Jordan Valley, south of Lake Kinneret, Israel for evaluation of the water management model DRAINMOD. This field was chosen to represent the local agro-climate conditions of that zone. Banana crop was grown and was irrigated daily with about 3200 mm/year and 0.5 leaching fraction. Subsurface drainage system with 2.5 m drain depth and 160 m drain spacing existed in the field. The water table depth was measured with about 100 piezometers, in which most of them were observed weekly, and four were continuosly recording piezometers. Five identical drainage plots were selected, out of 10 existing, as replicates for the evaluation of DRAINMOD. Deviations in a range of 0.3–1.7 m between observed water table depth and that simulated by DRAINMOD were found in four out of the five replicates. A reasonable agreement was found only in one drainage plot out of the five tested. These findings contradict the world wide convention that DRAINMOD simulation is in a good agreement with observed field data. An additional study was therefore conducted to explore the reasons for these large deviations. Three reasons were suggested: (i) a strong side effect by the Jordan River, which flows some 350 m west to the test field; a very steep 4.6% gradient was found toward the Jordan River; (ii) presence of sandy permeable layers below the depth of the drains which magnifies the boundary condition effect of the Jordan River; (iii) a very significant component of deep and lateral seepage (more than 50% of the yearly irrigation plus rainfall). A combination of these three reasons was suggested as an explanation to the apparent large disagreement. It was therefore recommended not to use DRAINMOD or similar vertical flow models for simulation of water table depths in irrigated fields with subsurface drain pipe systems in the Jordan Valley. 相似文献
4.
为了研究马铃薯基乳液（potato based emulsion, PE）对鱼糜凝胶品质的影响, 本研究将玉米油（corn oil,CO）或PE按不同添加量（0%~14%）与鱼糜混合,以鱼糜凝胶质构、水分、色泽、分子间相互作用、流变特性和微观结构为考察指标,探究PE作为脂肪替代物对鱼糜凝胶品质的影响及机理。 结果显示,在相同的油添加量下,与CO相比,PE能避免油滴对鱼糜凝胶质构特性和持水能力产生的劣化效果,使样品表现出更高的弹性模量和粘度,其中,6%油含量PE样品的硬度从1 073 g（0%油含量样品）提升到1 159 g,而6%油含量CO样品的硬度降低至837 g;另外,横向弛豫时间结果表明,PE抑制了不易流动水向由水的转变,使更多的不易流动水被束缚,这可能增强了光线漫反射,从而使PE样品白度更高;微观结构和分子间作用力测定结果表明PE样品中油滴分布更均匀,氢键、疏水相互作用和二硫交联更强,凝胶网络因淀粉颗粒的填充效应而更致密;十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果表明 ,PE组中油滴对鱼糜蛋白交联的干预程度更小。研究表明,PE可作为脂肪替代物提升鱼糜凝胶制品品质。本研究可为淀粉基脂肪替代物的开发及其在鱼糜凝胶产品中的应用提供理论基础。 相似文献
6.
7.
The vapours of allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC) were evaluated in in vitro and in vivo trials against Botrytis cinerea, a severe pathogen of strawberries. In in vitro trials AITC activity was assayed on conidial germination and mycelial growth of the fungus. The mycelium appeared less sensitive to AITC than conidia (EC50 values of 1.35 mg L−1 and 0.62 mg L−1, respectively). In addition, AITC had a fungistatic effect against the pathogen, since the values of EC50, for both parameters, increased by around 30% after AITC removal. In in vivo trials, ‘Tecla’ and ‘Monterey’ strawberries (spring-bearing and day-neutral cultivars, respectively) obtained from organic production and naturally infected by B. Cinerea, were exposed for 4 h in an atmosphere enriched by pure AITC or derived from defatted seed meals of Brassica carinata (0.1 mg L−1, in a 0.1 m3 treatment cabinet). After 2 days at 0 °C and another 3–4 days at 20 °C, the fruit were evaluated for grey mould infections. The AITC treatment reduced the decay caused by the pathogen by over 47.4% up to 91.5%, significantly different from the untreated fruit. No significant differences were found between synthetic and glucosinolate-derived AITC. Residue analysis performed on fruit at the end of storage (7 d after treatment) showed values lower than 1 mg kg−1. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity estimated in treated and untreated strawberries showed no significant difference between control and AITC treated fruit. Our results show it is possible to reduce the incidence of postharvest grey mould on strawberries with a treatment of AITC (0.1 mg L−1) for 4 h, opening a potential application of biofumigation in the postharvest control of B. cinerea in strawberry. 相似文献
8.
Xinghao Tu Jingya Wan Ya Xie Fang Wei Siewyoung Quek Xin Lv Liqing Du Hong Chen 《中国油料作物学报(英文)》2020,5(4):180-186
Nervonic acid plays an important role in nutrition and function of the human body. Malania oleifera, Acer truncatum and Xanthoceras sorbifolium are China’s unique woody plant rich in nervonic acid in seed oil. This study aims to investigate the lipid composition of these 3 special resources. Their fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography coupled with flame detector (GC-FID). Triglycerides (TAGs) and phospholipids (PLs) were detected by shotgun-mass spectrometry (shotgun-MS). Results showed that M. oleifera oil presented the highest level of nervonic acid (46.20 ± 0.22%) among the 3 oils. Seeds oil of A. truncatum and X. sorbifolium had 3.53 ± 0.20% and 1.83 ± 0.21% nervonic acid respectively. 53 species of TAGs and 15 species of PLs were identified in M. oleifera oil, with PLs content of 499.94 ± 22.34 μg/g. In A. truncatum oil, PL and TAG species were twice more than those in M. oleifera oil, and its’ content of PLs was 76.27 ± 3.21 μg/g. In X. sorbifolium oil, 75 TAGs and 34 PLs were detected, with the lowest PLs at 23.84 ± 0.17 μg/g. The results demonstrated that these 3 vegetable oils have great potential to become nervonic acid supplements for human health. 相似文献
9.
《农业科学学报》2019,18(8):1859-1870
Low temperature and drought stress are the major constraints in rice productivity worldwide. This study investigated the influence of low soil temperature and/or drought stress on physiology and pollen traits of two rice genotypes viz., Guinongzhan and Yueza 763 at flowering stage. The experiment included four treatments, i.e., under the greenhouse natural growth conditions(UC) taken as control, drought stress(DS), the soil water potential was kept at-0.035 to-0.045 MPa(DS), low soil temperature(LT) maintained at 19 to 21°C, combined LT and DS(LT+DS, LD). Results showed that LT, DS, and LD substantially reduced net photosynthetic rate(P_n) and the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII(F_v/F_m), whilst transpiration rate(T_r) was markedly enhanced by under LT in both rice genotypes. The malondialdehyde(MDA) contents were enhanced under LT, DS, and LD in Guinongzhan, whilst the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT) were regulated by LT, DS, and LD in both rice genotypes. Furthermore, anther dehiscence rate, pollen numbers on stigma, pollen viability and pollen germination rate, and anther starch contents were obviously reduced under LT and DS of both rice genotypes. Stress conditions substantially reduced the yield and yield components, i.e., effective panicles, seed set percentage, grain/panicles, 1 000-grain weight, and grain yield of both genotypes and the effects were more apparent in Guinongzhan than those in Yueza 763 whilst combined LT and DS proved more damaging than individual stress. 相似文献
10.
Irshad AHMAD Maksat BATYRBEK Khushnuma IKRAM Shakeel AHMAD Muhammad KAMRAN Misbah Raham Sher KHAN HOU Fu-jiang HAN Qing-fang 《农业科学学报》2023,22(2):417-433
Lodging in maize leads to yield losses worldwide. In this study, we determined the effects of traditional and optimized nitrogen management strategies on culm morphological characteristics, culm mechanical strength, lignin content,root growth, lodging percentage and production in maize at a high plant density. We compared a traditional nitrogen(N) application rate of 300 kg ha–1(R) and an optimized N application rate of 225 kg ha–1(O) under four N application modes: 50% of N applied a... 相似文献