16份引种禾本科牧草在荒漠草原的适应性及营养价值评定

试验对16种从国外引进的禾本科牧草在荒漠草原的适应性及营养价值评定进行了研究,结果表明:美国赖草、美国灰赖草、沙生冰草及西伯利亚冰草越冬率较高,均在90%以上;披碱草和赖草属牧草生长速度较快,尤其是灰赖草;美国赖草、灰赖草鲜重均达到6000kg/hm2以上,加拿大新麦草、保加利亚新麦草鲜草产量均在4000kg/hm2以上;护坡型冰草、西伯利亚冰草、沙生冰草营养价值较高、适应性强、抗逆性好,是优质牧草,可以作为荒漠草原地区推广种植的首选牧草;美国赖草、灰赖草虽然产量高,抗逆性强,能够适应荒漠草原地区低温和干旱等极端条件,但适口性较差,可作为生态用种加以利用。     

Morphological studies of peripheral blood cells of the Chinese sturgeon, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acipenser sinensis</Emphasis>

The peripheral blood cells of one-year-old Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) have been studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The erythrocyte count was 84.86 × 10⁴ cell mm⁻³ in the peripheral blood of the fish and that of leukocytes was 2.24 × 10⁴ cell mm⁻³. The erythrocytes and four main types of leucocyte—thrombocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes (including neutrophils and eosinophils), and monocytes, were identified in the peripheral blood. In addition to normal erythrocytes, reticulocytes and division of erythrocytes were observed. Thrombocytes were the most numerous among the leukocytes, and the number of neutrophils with lobated nuclei was larger than for other fish. The structures of the erythrocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, and thrombocytes of the fish were studied. The erythrocytes were almost completely devoid of organelles, except for some mitochondria and granules. A large number of vacuoles and a few organelles were observed in cytoplasm of the monocytes. There were many microvilli on the membrane and pseudopodia-like cytoplasm bulge in the lymphocytes. The neutrophils were round or oval in shape with bilobed, trilobed, or multilobed nuclei whereas the eosinophils had big special granules, dark stained. There were many vesicles in some thrombocytes, which were related to its phagocytosis; some thrombocytes had almost no cytoplasm or organelles.     

Chlorophyll Fluorescence,Photosynthetic and Morphological Characteristics of Waterlogged Sesame Seedlings

Two sesame accessions, ZZM2541 and Ezhi-2, with different tolerance to waterlogging were selected, and the seedlings at the 4-true leaf stage were treated by waterlogging for 48 h. Growth parameters were evaluated 1 d before the beginning of waterlogging and on the 3rd day after the removal of waterlogging (DARW). Morphological characteristics of root and chlorophyll fuorescence were measured on the 3rd DARW and leaf gas exchange was measured on the zero, 3rd and 15th DARW. Results showed that sesame accessions ZZM2541 and Ezhi-2 responded to waterlogging in considerably different performance.The stress induced leaf chlorosis and abscission and slowed growth of plant height in both accessions, but symptom occurred seriously in the susceptive Ezhi-2. In the more tolerant ZZM2541, plentiful of adventitious roots formed above the level.All of the average values of maximum fuorescence yield (Fm), quantum efficiency of open PSII centres (Fv/Fm), initial fluorescence (Fv/F0) and chlorophyll content (Chl) decreased at the 4-true leaf stage in both accessions after suffering to the stress.The decreases of Fm, Fv/F0 and Chl were more pronounced in Ezhi-2 than in ZZM2541. Less reductions of mean photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (gs) were observed in the leaves of waterlogged ZZM2541 than in waterlogged Ezhi-2 (compared to controls), and the leaves of Ezhi-2 showed a higher water use efficiency (WUE) after the removal of waterlogging. Based on the results, it was concluded that the tolerance to waterlogging of ZZM2541 appears to depend on a combination of photosynthetic characteristics responses and morphological adaption.     

Cloning and functional analysis of the genes involved in signal transduction in tomato Cf-4-Avr4 pathosystem

Hypersensitive response (HR) is one of the most efficient and common resistance mechanisms in plants. Cloning signaling genes are very important to elucidate the resistance mechanisms. A gene in tomato homologous to several resistance proteins in plant was involved in HR and named as RGL (Resistance Gene Like). RGL protein was used as a bait to screen interacting protein(s) from tomato cDNA library through the yeast two-hybrid system. Two interacting proteins were found, which were called as RGLIP-1 and RGLIP-2 (RGL Interacting Protein), respectively. RGLIP-1 is a protein of 291 amino acids with significant homology with thylakoid lumen protein. RGLIP-2 is a protein of 248 amino acids with significant homology with transducin protein. Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) of the two genes results in a partial and complete suppression of Avr4-induced HR, which indicates that both genes are involved in hypersensitive response. __________ Translated from Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2006, 33(1): 52–57 [译自: 园艺学报]     

发展有机蔬菜是我国蔬菜生产的必由之路

近 5 0年来石油工业迅速发展 ,在农业生产上由于超量使用化肥、农药 ,环境污染日益严重。因此 ,可持续农业发展 ,引起社会上的普遍关注 ,不使用化学合成的肥料、农药 ,改用有机肥、堆肥进行蔬菜生产是行之有效的方法。科学研究证明植物可以直接吸收有机物 ,用有机方法生产蔬菜 ,对环境无污染 ,产品质量好 ,味道纯正 ,有益健康。目前无土栽培大多数是全部用化肥配制营养液进行作物生产 ,产品硝酸盐含量偏高 ,对人体健康不利 ,如改用有机肥和生物防治病虫 ,就可以生产绿色食品蔬菜 ,这是 2 1世纪农业发展的方向     

水稻光温敏不育系Y58S的特征特性研究初报

Y58S是新选育而成的一个具有广适性的水稻光温敏不育系。为了充分了解其特征特性,采取分期播种试验和相关指标测试调查相结合的方法进行研究。结果表明,与培矮64S相比,Y58S在有关农艺性状、抗逆性、开花习性、光合作用特性及再生能力等方面具有一定的优势,适合于配制广适性的超高产杂交稻新组合,有利于提高制种产量。     

布鲁氏杆菌LPS抗原制备及其免疫原性测定

采用热酚水法提取布鲁氏杆菌脂多糖,分离、纯化并SDS-PAGE银染鉴定。纯化的细菌内毒素免疫小鼠,通过斑点ELISA测定血清抗体效价,检测细菌内毒素免疫原性。采用热酚法能获得较高纯度的细菌内毒素,其免疫原性较高,斑点ELISA测血清效价达到1∶1 000 000,与全菌免疫原性接近。本研究为制备布鲁氏杆菌单克隆抗体和建立布鲁氏杆菌病快速诊断方法奠定研究基础。     

如何走出工程项目管理的误区

针对项目建设实施过程中存在的问题,文章从业主方面、监管单位方面以及施工单位方面分析了项目管理存在的误区和问题,最后提出解决项目管理问题的思路。     

Paths out of poverty

正Introduction Ending poverty in all its forms everywhere is the first Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) of the United Nations(2021a). Progress towards this goal has varied but also been fruitful. Between 1990 and 2015, over a billion people were lifted out of extreme poverty(World Bank 2018). From 36% of the population under extreme poverty in 1990 to 10% in 2015(United Nations 2021b).     

中央级科学事业单位修缮购置专项管理经验探讨

中央级科学事业单位修缮购置专项是贯彻落实国家中长期科技发展规划,加快科技创新工作的重要举措,认真总结与分析专项管理经验对于加快农业科学事业单位发展,提升我国农业科技创新能力,发展现代农业等具有重要意义。文章阐述了修缮购置专项产生的背景、内涵与基本特征,并对修缮购置专项的模式进行了对比分析。最后提出树立正确理念,支持专项管理,创新工作方法,提高管理效率等4点建议。