Expression of Eph-Ephrin A Molecules in Endometrium During Swine Embryo Implantation Examined Using Real-Time RT-PCR

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor and its membrane-bound ligands (Eph-Ephrin) system could regulate some mammalian blastocyst attachment and spreading. In order to investigate the involvement of the Eph-Ephrin system in swine embryo attachment, mRNA expression of Eph-Ephrin molecules in endometrium was examined by real-time RT-PCR during embryo implantation in pigs. The results indicated that mRNA expressions of Eph A5, A7 and Ephrin A5 all continually increased from pregnancy day 13 to 24. Ephrin A3 mRNA expression significantly increased from day 13 to 18 and decreased from day 18 to 24, and the expression was the lowest on pregnancy day 13 and the highest on day 18. However, Ephrin A4 mRNA expression was the lowest on pregnancy day 18 and the highest on day 24, and the expression decreased from day 13 to 18 and increased from day 18 to 24. Furthermore, mRNA expressions of Eph A5 and A7 were both found in other tissues, such as brain, muscle, intestine, stomach, etc. These findings suggest that the Eph-Ephrin system may play an important role in regulating the contact between blastocysts and endometrium during swine embryo implantation.     

动物微生态制剂的发展现状及应用前景

介绍了动物微生态制剂的概念、国内外发展现状,分析了微生态制剂未来的发展趋势及应用前景。     

水稻β-淀粉酶基因密码子使用特性分析

本研究分析了水稻10个β-淀粉酶基因(OsBmy1～OsBmy10)在cDNA和蛋白质上的同源性,分析了每个基因反映密码子使用特性的参数——GC含量、同义密码子第1～3位置中的GC含量、有效密码子数和相对同义密码子使用度。结果表明:水稻β-淀粉酶家族基因序列间的同源性差异较大,在cDNA和蛋白质序列上的基因同源性分别为39.2～79.6和25.9～74.0,其中,OsBmy3和OsBmy9间的同源性最高;OsBmy3、OsBmy4、OsBmy5、OsBmy7、OsBmy9和OsBmy10等为高GC含量基因,并表现出极强的密码子使用偏好。可见,水稻β-淀粉酶基因在进化过程中不仅氨基酸组成发生了分化,而且其在氨基酸密码子使用偏好上也发生了分化。     

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE SPECIAL ISSUE “CARBON NEUTRALITY AND A LOW CARBON ECONOMY FOR AGRICULTURE”

<正>Carbon neutrality and a low carbon economy have become key global objectives and one of China’s national policies. In response to global climate change and the Paris Agreement that defines a climate warming target of an increase of 1.5-2.0 °C by the end of century, over 100 countries have made commitments to achieve carbon neutrality-related emissions.     

我国柑橘类农药登记现状及其绿色食品生产适用性分析

为科学防治病虫草害,保障柑橘优质丰产,本研究通过检索中国农药信息网农药登记数据库,分析了我国用于防治柑橘病虫草害的农药登记现状。结果表明：截至2023年8月24日,我国柑橘登记的处于有效状态的农药产品有3 243个,其中符合NY/T 393—2020《绿色食品 农药使用准则》规定的AA级绿色食品生产允许使用的农药产品268个,涉及有效成分29种。A级绿色食品生产中允许使用的农药产品929个,涵盖45种有效成分;其中,24种成分最大残留限量高于国际食品法典委员会（CAC）或欧盟标准。因此,应加强农药特别是生物农药及环保剂型研发力度,鼓励企业登记,并不断强化农残限量管理与标准修订,以期为柑橘病虫草害绿色防控提供参考,促进柑橘产业绿色可持续发展。     

利用微卫星和线粒体DNA标记研究山羊群体间的遗传关系

本研究利用微卫星和线粒体DNA分析山羊的遗传多样性及系统进化关系,用25个微卫星位点分析了安哥拉山羊、山东莱芜黑山羊、罕山白绒山羊、太行山羊及乌珠穆沁绒山羊这5个山羊品种的遗传多样性,共祖遗传距离的UPGMA聚类表明遗传距离和地理距离是一致的,如内蒙的罕山白绒山羊和乌珠穆沁绒山羊聚到一起。利用线粒体DNA分析安哥拉山羊、山东莱芜黑山羊、鲁北白山羊、太行山羊及乌珠穆沁绒山羊,揭示这5个山羊品种分成A和C 2个支系,并进行了群体结构和群体扩张分析。通过比较2种分子标记的分析结果,发现利用微卫星来研究群体的遗传多样性及品种间的关系具有较高的准确性,而线粒体在研究群体系统进化具有一定的优势,在分析品种间关系方面可能不是理想标记。     

环境低温对H9N2亚型禽流感病毒感染小鼠致病性的影响

旨在分析环境低温对H9N2亚型禽流感病毒感染小鼠致病性的影响。选用120只6~8周龄,雄性SPF BALB/c小鼠,随机分为4组:无感染常温组(PBS处理,(20±2)℃)、无感染低温组(PBS处理,(10±2)℃)、H9N2病毒感染常温组(H9N2处理,(20±2)℃)、H9N2病毒感染低温组(H9N2处理,(10±2)℃)。在感染后观察感染小鼠发病14 d内的临床症状、存活率,肺脏病变程度、肺部细胞因子含量的动态变化以及肺脏病毒载量。结果表明:1)与H9N2病毒感染常温组小鼠相比,环境低温处理的H9N2病毒感染小鼠临床症状明显加重,其中体重明显降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05),存活率由95%降为67%,肺水肿程度和肺组织病变程度更加严重;2)H9N2病毒感染低温组与H9N2病毒感染常温组相比,肺脏TNF-a和IL-1β含量无显著差异,但均显著高于2个无感染组(P<0.01);3)H9N2病毒感染低温组与H9N2病毒感染常温组相比,肺组织病毒载量显著增加(P<0.01)。综上,环境低温明显增加了H9N2亚型流感病毒对小鼠的致病性,为进一步揭示环境低温与流感病毒感染之间的关系,以及采取有效的预防措施提供数据基础。     

Non-target-site and target-site resistance to AHAS inhibitors in American sloughgrass (Beckmannia syzigachne)

American sloughgrass (Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald) is one of the most competitive and malignant weeds in rice-wheat rotation fields in China. American sloughgrass populations in the Jiangsu Province of China became less sensitive to acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors after repeated application for many years in these areas. Two suspected resistant American sloughgrass populations (R1 and R2) collected in the field were detected the resistance to inhibitors of AHAS in whole-plant dose-response assays, compared to the susceptible (S) population. These assays indicated that R1 showed low resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl (3.32-fold), imazapic (2.84-fold) and pyroxsulam (1.55-fold), moderate resistance to flazasulfuron (4.67-fold) and pyribenzoxim (7.41-fold), and high resistance to flucarbazone (11.73-fold). However, using a combination of the cytochrome P450 inhibitor, malathion, with mesosulfuron-methyl resulted in a reduction in R1 resistance relative to mesosulfuron-methyl alone. Furthermore, R2 was highly resistant to flazasulfuron (34.90-fold), imazapic (11.30-fold), flucarbazone (49.20-fold), pyribenzoxim (12.94-fold), moderately resistant to mesosulfuron-methyl (9.77-fold) and pyroxsulam (6.26-fold), and malathion had no effect on R2 resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl. The full-length of AHAS genes was sequenced and the AHAS enzymes were assayed in vitro in order to clarify the mechanism of resistance to AHAS inhibitors in R1 and R2 populations. The results demonstrated that R2 had a Pro-197-Ser mutation in the AHAS gene, and the sensitivity of R2 to the five AHAS inhibitors was decreased, which may result in R2 resistance to AHAS inhibitors. There was no mutation in the AHAS gene of R1, and there were no significant differences in enzyme sensitivity between susceptible (S) and resistant (R1) populations. An enhanced metabolism may be the main mechanism of R1 resistance to AHAS inhibitors.