水稻秧苗素质的模糊聚类分析及综合评判

通过模糊聚类分要将水稻秧苗分为四类,对各类秧苗进行了指标量化和综合评判,从而克服了以往对 秧苗素质判断的主观臆断性和盲目性,有利于对秧田进行科学管理。     

Effect of Planting Method on Grain Quality and Nutrient Utilization for No-Tillage Rice

Field experiments were conducted over 2 years using six rice (Oryza Sativa L.) cultivars to investigate the effect of two planting methods, transplanting (TP) and direct sowing (DS), on grain quality and nutrient utilization. Brown and head rice percentages, grain width, amylase, and protein content were greater in TP than in DS, whereas the opposite effect was found for chalkiness rate, gel consistency, and alkali spread value (ASV). Dramatic differences were also found between the two planting methods for nutrient harvest index and utilization efficiency, with TP having greater phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) harvest indexes, nitrogen (N) and K utilization efficiencies, and lower N harvest index and P utilization efficiency than DS. Moreover, significant differences between these genotypes could be found for both nutrient harvest index and utilization efficiency. The correlation analysis showed that rice chalkiness, transparency, gel consistency, amylose, and protein contents were all significantly correlated with N, P, and K nutrient traits. In addition, significant interactions between rice cultivar and planting methods for both rice quality and nutrient traits were also found.     

Partial resistance to neck blast influenced by stage of panicle development and rice genotype

Summary Neck nodes of eight rice genotypes were inoculated with a virulent isolate of the blast pathogen at four slightly different, increasingly older stages of panicle development shortly after flowering. Resistance to infection as well as resistance to growth of the pathogen after infection was assessed. Significant differences between genotypes were found for both components of resistance. Resistance to growth of the pathogen sharply increased with aging of the neck node as was indicated by a large reduction of the length of the lesions on the culm, but resistance to infection did not change much. The lesion length was closely related to yield loss. A small delay in time of infection can lead to a large decrease in yield reduction. Meaningful comparison of partial resistance to neck blast between genotypes therefore requires infection at an identical stage of panicle development. In the field, where panicles are in different stages of development, selection of genotypes that do show the symptoms of neck blast together with relatively little yield loss in infected panicles is recommended.     

水稻病虫为害损失试验初报

本文探讨了测算水稻病虫为害总损失、虫害损失、病害损失、挽回损失和实际损失等五组数据的田间试验设计和方法，并以此来评估水稻病虫为害损失情况，同时分析造成为害损失的病虫主次。     

Preference of Sheep for Three Forms of Mucuna Forage and the Effect of Supplementation with Mucuna Forage on the Performance of Sheep

Assessment of the preference of sheep for fresh, dried or ensiled forms of mucuna (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) forage was followed by investigations into the effect of supplementing straw-based diets with the forage. Four sheep were offered fresh, dried and ensiled forms of the forage in a cafeteria style to assess their preference. In the second experiment, 20 sheep were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, namely, alkali-treated straw only (M0), treated straw supplemented with mucuna forage at 0.3% (M10), 0.6% (M20) or 0.75% (M25) of body weight (approximately 10%, 20% and 25%, respectively, of the total dry matter intake). The daily feed intakes were determined and the sheep were weighed weekly for 10 weeks. The sheep showed a marked preference for fresh mucuna forage over either the dried or ensiled forms. The total dry matter intake increased by 15% and 21%, respectively, with M20 and M25. All the groups lost weight over the feeding period. However, only M0 gave weight losses during the second half of the feeding period. The feed conversion efficiency followed a trend similar to that for weight gains. M20 had the greatest effect on growth and feed conversion efficiency.     

免耕稻油轮作模式探讨

稻油轮作是保障我国粮油安全的重要耕作制度.从农业节肥减药、生态高效、机械化轻简栽培等视角出发,提出了适合湖南地区的免耕稻油轮作模式,阐述了关键技术,分析其可行性,并对其可持续发展进行展望.     

Correlation of Plant Morphological and Grain Quality Traits with Mineral Element Contents in Yunnan Rice

Correlations between four grain quality, 24 plant morphological traits and eight element contents of 653 accessions from Yunnan rice were analyzed. P, K, Ca and Mg contents of core collection were closely correlated to the most plant morphological and grain quality traits, and there were highly significant correlations （P 〈0.01） among some traits including P content to number of stems and tillers, K content and amylose content, Ca content and plant height, Mg content and protein content. Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe contents of core collection were closely related to a few traits, such as Fe content and gel consistency （-0.1121^＊＊）, Zn content and seed setting rate （-0.1411^＊＊）, Cu content and number of grains per panicle （-0.1398^＊＊）, Mn content and plant height （-0.2492^＊＊）.     

杂交水稻三系亲本新,陈种子生育特性研究

对目前生产应用的２０个三系亲本新、陈种子生育期等性状进行研究。结果表明，晚季种植新种子比陈种子生育期延长，叶片数增加；早季种植除个别亲本外，新、陈种子生育期基本相同；不同亲本间新、陈种子生育期变化差异甚大。     

河北省糯稻研究利用历史、现状及发展方向

回顾了河北省糯稻种植及育种历史,分析了自上世纪九十年代,河北省糯稻选育走过的从引进到自主研发创新的过程,展望未来,提出了以优质、高产、抗病、熟期适宜作为糯稻新品种选育目标,合理布局,政策扶植,加大招商力度,树立品牌形象,做大做强糯米产业等发展对策。