Physiological properties and classification of strains of Treponema sp. isolated from pigs in poland

Fifty-one treponemas were isolated from pigs. Twenty-three isolates with typical morphology and growth characteristic were beta hemolytic, enteropathogenic, produced indole and with exception of three strains did not ferment fructose. These strains were classified as typical T. hyodysenteriae and were usually isolated from pigs with symptoms of mucohemorrhagic diarrhoea. The seventeen other isolates were weakly beta hemolytic after 48 h incubation, enteropathogenic, 12 out of 17 produced indole, 10 out 17 fermented fructose. These strains were usually isolated from pigs with symptoms of gray-green diarrhoea and classified as T. hyodysenteriae 2 biotype or intermediate type. They may be compared with Treponema sp. isolated by Taylor et al. Eleven non enteropathogenic strains showed typical characteristic for T. innocens. Gas chromatography analysis of the fatty acids production from glucose, showed that all isolated treponemas produced acetate and butyrate. Typical T. hyodysenteriae produced additionally propionate. Strains of T. hyodysenteriae biotype 2 produced propionate or isobutyrate as well.     

Interleukin 1, a mediator of immunoadjuvant peptidoglycans

Bacterial peptidoglycans and the synthetic analog muramyl dipeptide possess various immunomodulating properties (adjuvant effect, increase of resistance to infectious agents and to tumor growth). They are able to induce B cell activation and to stimulate macrophages to produce monokines such as Interleukin 1 (IL 1). IL 1 plays an essential role in immune response. It promotes thymocytes maturation and Interleukin 2 secretion by antigen sensitive T cells, which in turn triggers regulatory T cells. Moreover, it is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells.

There is a correlation between the immunoenhancing effect of PG of a definite structure and their ability to induce IL 1 secretion. Non-adjuvant PG were inactive. This suggests that one of the major mechanisms of action of adjuvant PG could be the stimulation of IL 1 synthesis.     

Corynebacterium equi: An interhost review with emphasis on the foal

A review of the recent and/or significant literature concerning Corynebacterium equi, including its morphologic, biochemical, immunological, and pathological characteristics in the foal, humans and other animals is presented. The similarity in the tissue responses of mammalian hosts to C. equi and Mycobacterium spp. is discussed.

The antigenic structure and virulence factors associated with C. equi. other corynebacteria and mycobacteria are compared.

The immunological aspects of resistance to C. equi are considered. The evidence suggests that the major immune response elicited in the foal by C. equi is cell-mediated. However, the immunopathogenic mechanism needs clarification. Areas of future research are suggested.     

Evaluation of the chemoprophylactic efficacy of 10% long acting injectable moxidectin against gastrointestinal nematode infections in calves in Belgium

The chemoprophylactic efficacy of a single dose of the 10% long acting (LA) injectable formulation of moxidectin on nematode infections in calves, was evaluated. Two similar groups of 11 female, first grazing season Holstein calves were turned out in early May on separate plots of a single, naturally infected pasture. Until 56 days post-treatment (pt), the percentage reduction in faecal egg output was 100%, remaining above 90% during the entire trial, except for day 126 pt. More than 90% of the larvae in the treated group were identified as Cooperia until 140 days after treatment and more than 70% during the rest of the trial, whereas in the control group Cooperia was the most abundant species until day 84 pt and Ostertagia from 126 days pt onwards. The reduction in faecal egg output in the treated group was reflected in the mean pepsinogen levels being below the pathogenic threshold at the end of the grazing season (1.8 units of tysrosine (U tyr)) and the absence of diarrhoea during the second half of the grazing season. In the control group pepsinogen levels remained high (mean: 5.5 U tyr) and prolonged diarrhoea occurred in the second half of the grazing season. Furthermore, the weight gain for the treated group at the end of the grazing season was 41.9 kg higher than for the control group. At necropsy, the reduction in O. ostertagi worm burden in the treated group was 97.5% compared to the control group, while the reduction in C. oncophora worm burden was 57%. An additional benefit of the long acting parasitological control, was reduced pasture contamination.     

液相色谱柱后衍生法快速测定马铃薯中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

为了提高马铃薯氨基甲酸酯类农药残留检测效率,采用高效液相色谱柱后衍生法建立了马铃薯中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药的快速检测方法,并采用加标回收的方法测定回收率和精密度,以检验该方法的准确性和可靠性。结果表明：10种氨基甲酸酯农药回收率为77.1%～106.0%,相对标准偏差（RSDs） 为1.2%～6.7%,说明液相色谱柱后衍生法快速测定方法简单、快速、经济,可满足马铃薯中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的检测工作。     

涞水县设施蔬菜化肥与农药施用现状及对策

为进一步提高设施蔬菜生产技术水平,对涞水县设施蔬菜生产温室进行调查,通过调查设施设备、主栽作物、种植模式、销售渠道、经济效益等基本情况,发现存在基础配套设备落后、种植户管理水平差异较大等问题;通过调查涞水县温室蔬菜栽培中化肥、农药使用情况,发现存在过度依赖化学农药、施用方式粗放、缺乏合理施用方案、化肥农药安全使用意识差...     

新疆伊犁野生阿魏菇的生长发育规律及生境分析

为了更好地保护和利用伊犁野生阿魏菇资源,于2017-2019年采用踏查及实地样方取样和实验室数据测定相结合的方法,对伊犁野生阿魏菇资源的生长发育规律和生境特征进行了研究.结果 表明:伊犁野生阿魏菇是一种分布在伊宁县新疆阿魏原生境保护区内的中低温型食、药兼用菌.生长最适温度为15℃-20℃.发生区土壤偏碱性,且含水率只有...     

侧耳属真菌系统分类研究概况

概述了侧耳属的建立简史及其属内种的传统分类方法和现代分类方法。传统分类方法是根据菌体的外部形态特征对菌体进行分类,其优点在于外部形态特征是由多基因控制,缺点为表观形态往往受环境的影响,具有极大的可塑性,对于这样的菌体则无法确定其种的地位;现代分类方法是利用同工酶谱系分析、RAPD技术、有性亲和测试等手段对菌体进行分类,该方法不受形态可塑性的影响,但对菌体形态及其相似的物种来讲,用现代分类方法进行分类又有局限性。侧耳属在分类等级上属于伞菌目、侧耳科。     

阿魏侧耳多糖研究进展

阿魏侧耳是一种具有药用价值的名贵珍稀食用菌,具有"天然、营养、保健"于一体功能.现对阿魏侧耳的研究历史及阿魏侧耳多糖的药用价值进行综述.     

托拉斯假单胞杆菌弱毒菌株诱导平菇抗细菌性褐斑病的研究

为了明确平菇细菌性褐斑病病原菌托拉斯假单胞杆菌（Pseudomonas tolaasii）弱毒菌株JPG250303的诱导抗病作用、弱致病性及诱导抗病作用的遗传稳定性,通过对其诱导抗病性表达、诱导接种浓度及诱导间隔期的研究,明确该弱毒菌株具有较好的诱导抗病效果。利用形态学及分子生物学技术,鉴定出该弱毒菌株为托拉斯假单胞杆菌（P. tolaasii）,将弱毒菌株经平菇子实体连续5代培养后均具有弱致病性,说明其弱致病性可以稳定遗传;同时对5代菌株分别进行了诱导抗病活性的验证,5代菌株对平菇细菌性褐斑病诱导抗病效果分别为67.2%、66.3%、69.1%、68.6%和65.0%,说明该弱毒菌株诱导抗病活性也具有稳定性,这一研究为该弱毒菌株作为生防菌株防治平菇细菌性褐斑病的应用提供了理论基础。