Physiological properties and classification of strains of Treponema sp. isolated from pigs in poland

Fifty-one treponemas were isolated from pigs. Twenty-three isolates with typical morphology and growth characteristic were beta hemolytic, enteropathogenic, produced indole and with exception of three strains did not ferment fructose. These strains were classified as typical T. hyodysenteriae and were usually isolated from pigs with symptoms of mucohemorrhagic diarrhoea. The seventeen other isolates were weakly beta hemolytic after 48 h incubation, enteropathogenic, 12 out of 17 produced indole, 10 out 17 fermented fructose. These strains were usually isolated from pigs with symptoms of gray-green diarrhoea and classified as T. hyodysenteriae 2 biotype or intermediate type. They may be compared with Treponema sp. isolated by Taylor et al. Eleven non enteropathogenic strains showed typical characteristic for T. innocens. Gas chromatography analysis of the fatty acids production from glucose, showed that all isolated treponemas produced acetate and butyrate. Typical T. hyodysenteriae produced additionally propionate. Strains of T. hyodysenteriae biotype 2 produced propionate or isobutyrate as well.     

Interleukin 1, a mediator of immunoadjuvant peptidoglycans

Bacterial peptidoglycans and the synthetic analog muramyl dipeptide possess various immunomodulating properties (adjuvant effect, increase of resistance to infectious agents and to tumor growth). They are able to induce B cell activation and to stimulate macrophages to produce monokines such as Interleukin 1 (IL 1). IL 1 plays an essential role in immune response. It promotes thymocytes maturation and Interleukin 2 secretion by antigen sensitive T cells, which in turn triggers regulatory T cells. Moreover, it is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells.

There is a correlation between the immunoenhancing effect of PG of a definite structure and their ability to induce IL 1 secretion. Non-adjuvant PG were inactive. This suggests that one of the major mechanisms of action of adjuvant PG could be the stimulation of IL 1 synthesis.     

Corynebacterium equi: An interhost review with emphasis on the foal

A review of the recent and/or significant literature concerning Corynebacterium equi, including its morphologic, biochemical, immunological, and pathological characteristics in the foal, humans and other animals is presented. The similarity in the tissue responses of mammalian hosts to C. equi and Mycobacterium spp. is discussed.

The antigenic structure and virulence factors associated with C. equi. other corynebacteria and mycobacteria are compared.

The immunological aspects of resistance to C. equi are considered. The evidence suggests that the major immune response elicited in the foal by C. equi is cell-mediated. However, the immunopathogenic mechanism needs clarification. Areas of future research are suggested.     

Evaluation of the chemoprophylactic efficacy of 10% long acting injectable moxidectin against gastrointestinal nematode infections in calves in Belgium

The chemoprophylactic efficacy of a single dose of the 10% long acting (LA) injectable formulation of moxidectin on nematode infections in calves, was evaluated. Two similar groups of 11 female, first grazing season Holstein calves were turned out in early May on separate plots of a single, naturally infected pasture. Until 56 days post-treatment (pt), the percentage reduction in faecal egg output was 100%, remaining above 90% during the entire trial, except for day 126 pt. More than 90% of the larvae in the treated group were identified as Cooperia until 140 days after treatment and more than 70% during the rest of the trial, whereas in the control group Cooperia was the most abundant species until day 84 pt and Ostertagia from 126 days pt onwards. The reduction in faecal egg output in the treated group was reflected in the mean pepsinogen levels being below the pathogenic threshold at the end of the grazing season (1.8 units of tysrosine (U tyr)) and the absence of diarrhoea during the second half of the grazing season. In the control group pepsinogen levels remained high (mean: 5.5 U tyr) and prolonged diarrhoea occurred in the second half of the grazing season. Furthermore, the weight gain for the treated group at the end of the grazing season was 41.9 kg higher than for the control group. At necropsy, the reduction in O. ostertagi worm burden in the treated group was 97.5% compared to the control group, while the reduction in C. oncophora worm burden was 57%. An additional benefit of the long acting parasitological control, was reduced pasture contamination.     

液相色谱柱后衍生法快速测定马铃薯中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

为了提高马铃薯氨基甲酸酯类农药残留检测效率,采用高效液相色谱柱后衍生法建立了马铃薯中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药的快速检测方法,并采用加标回收的方法测定回收率和精密度,以检验该方法的准确性和可靠性。结果表明：10种氨基甲酸酯农药回收率为77.1%～106.0%,相对标准偏差（RSDs） 为1.2%～6.7%,说明液相色谱柱后衍生法快速测定方法简单、快速、经济,可满足马铃薯中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的检测工作。     

混施微肥对不同类型大豆产量性状的影响

试验通过拌种结合叶面喷肥的施肥方式,研究了硼、钼、锌、锰、铁微量元素对铁丰30号、铁丰31号和铁豆37号的产量性状的影响.结果表明,该施肥方式下施用不同剂量的微量元素,均增加了不同类型大豆的单株荚数、每荚粒数、单株粒数、分枝数和籽粒产量,但对其百粒重和主茎节数影响较小.     

涞水县设施蔬菜化肥与农药施用现状及对策

为进一步提高设施蔬菜生产技术水平,对涞水县设施蔬菜生产温室进行调查,通过调查设施设备、主栽作物、种植模式、销售渠道、经济效益等基本情况,发现存在基础配套设备落后、种植户管理水平差异较大等问题;通过调查涞水县温室蔬菜栽培中化肥、农药使用情况,发现存在过度依赖化学农药、施用方式粗放、缺乏合理施用方案、化肥农药安全使用意识差...     

甜菜施锌效应的研究

试验结果表明,锌营养具有提高甜菜幼苗抗坏血酸氧化酶活性,增加全生育期叶绿素合量和净光合率,促进干物质积累,显著提高根含糖率等效应。亩施1kg硫酸锌作种肥在黑土地较对照可提高根含糖率0.76度,提高产糖量2.9％;在碳酸盐黑土地可提高根含糖率1.1度,增产块根7.1％,产糖量提高15.4％。     

Influence of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (Imuthiol) on lymphocyte function and growth in weanling pigs

Mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, and growth performance were evaluated in 3-week-old pigs treated with imuthiol. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to Con A and PWM were reduced (P < 0.05) in pigs treated with imuthiol at 25 mg/kg; PHA proliferative responses were not influenced by imuthiol treatment. Imuthiol at 2.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg lowered IL-2 production when compared to saline-treated controls. Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to PHA were higher in 25 mg/kg imuthiol-treated pigs; however, 2.5 mg/kg imuthiol-treated pigs had lower DHT reactions. Imuthiol at 2.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg reduced (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake. These data suggest that in vivo imuthiol treatment in pigs lowers lymphocyte proliferative responses, IL-2 production, and growth performance.     

活性生物增产降解剂在西瓜穴盘育苗中的应用效果

为研究新型活性生物增产降解剂在西瓜穴盘育苗中的应用效果,设计了浸种试验和不同浓度苗期喷施效果试验,以清水为对照,对比分析了幼苗的生长状况。结果表明:在浸种试验中,试剂处理第4天平均发芽率(88.05%)显著高于对照组(78.15%),试剂处理第7天平均发芽率(90.63%)也高于对照组(88.01%)。在不同浓度苗期喷施效果试验中,通过壮苗性状对比,显示活性生物增产降解剂与清水质量比例为1∶100时,西瓜穴盘苗在茎粗及根系方面都表现最好。