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1.
  总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
XIAO Guo-ying 《水稻科学》2009,16(3):235-239
In addition to weed control in direct seeding field of hybrid rice, herbicide resistance genes were used by Chinese scientists to increase and identify the purity of hybrid seeds, and to realize the mechanization of hybrid seed production. The elite restorer lines, such as Minghui 63, R752, T461, R402, D68 and E32 were transformed directly with herbicide resistance genes, in which D68 and E32 are restorer lines of two-line system and the others are of three-line system. Because almost all of important restorer lines are indica varieties and are recalcitrant in transformation, many herbicide resistant near-isogenic restorer lines were developed by sexual hybridization of indica and japonica varieties and backcross with indica restorer lines later, such as Ce 64, Minghui 63, Teqing, Milyang 46, R402 and 9311, in which 9311 is a restorer line of two-line system. The elite photoperiod-sensitive/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, such as Pei'ai 64S, P88S, 4008S and 7001S, were transformed with herbicide resistance genes. A few herbicide resistant male sterile lines were developed through sexual hybridization and subsequently systemic selection, such as Bar1259S, Bar2172S, 05Z221A and 05Z227A. With the employment of herbicide resistant male sterile lines or herbicide resistant restorer lines, a few herbicide resistant hybrid rice combinations were developed, such as Xiang 125S/Bar 68-1 and Pei'ai 64S/Bar 9311. Based on herbicide resistance, the research was marching on to investigate the parental lines of hybrid rice with insect resistance, drought tolerance, etc.  相似文献   
2.
 为检验甘蓝短散布元件(SINE)对植物转基因表达的影响,采用PCR方法,从甘蓝基因组中克隆了一段短散布元件序列(Short Interspersed Nuclear Element,SINE),该SINE具有核基质结合区(matrix attachment region,MAR)的结构特征,将其构建到β-葡糖醛酸酶(β-glucuronidase,GUS)基因(uidA)的两侧翼,形成SINE调控的植物表达载体,采用农杆菌介导法,将含SINE序列和不含SINE序列的植物表达载体导入烟草中。对转基因植株进行GUS活性定量测定,结果表明,SINE表现出类似MAR的功能,可以提高外源uidA基因的表达水平,与不含SINE的转化植株相比,外源基因的平均表达水平提高了2倍,但转基因植株个体间表达水平存在较大的差异。  相似文献   
3.
The inheritance and expression of the reporter gene uidA, encoding β-glucuronidase (GUS), was previously analysed in the T1 generation of 25 independent transformed lines of Lotus corniculatus cv. Leo. In the work reported here, GUS activity in various tissues of seven of these lines was tested in the T2 generation. Four representative lines were chosen for more detailed study in the T3 generation. Lines 25 and 38 had multiple, independently segregating transgene inserts; lines 24 and 39 appeared to transmit one segregating transgene insert to their T1 progeny, although transgene expression was low and was detected in fewer seedlings than expected in line 39. The uidA gene was inherited and expressed in seedlings of T1, T2 and T3 generations of all four lines. In all lines, transgene expression varied between tissues, with more embryos than seedlings having detectable GUS activity. Studies in the T2 generation showed that use of transgenic plants as female or male parents altered the frequency of expression of the transgene in progeny. By contrast, in the T3 generation the use of transgenic plants as female or male parents did not effect either frequency of transmission, or expression of the transgene, in any of the four lines. Transgene inheritance was also similar among individual pods within flower heads and between individual flower heads. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   
4.
离子注入在生命科学中的应用研究   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4  
本文概述了近十几年来离子注入技术在机理研究、生物品种改良及介导外源基因转移等方面的研究进展  相似文献   
5.
待供试转基因和非转基因野罂粟植株长至5~7片叶时,用微型喷雾器将不同浓度的卡那霉素溶液均匀喷施于叶片上,结果显示浓度为6.5g/L的处理表现效果最好。对于大田筛选转基因野罂粟,在苗期对叶片喷施6.5g/L卡那霉素溶液喷雾,并对产生黄斑的野罂粟植株进行剔除后,拔节期用7.5g/L卡那霉素溶液连续5d涂抹后,对产生黄斑的植株进行再次剔除,最终得到30株未见黄斑的野罂粟植株,经PCR进行检测后,最终得到8株野罂粟转基因植株。  相似文献   
6.
    
Gan-Yuan Zhong 《Euphytica》2001,118(2):137-144
Transgene technology provides a powerful tool for developing traits that are otherwise difficult to achieve through conventional breeding. In order to effectively apply the technology to breeding, we need to understand how transgenes behave in plants. Transgenes may or may not follow Mendelian segregation; their expression can be significantly affected by integration positions and structures of the transgenic DNA in host genomes; transgenes may become unstable over generations, genetic background sand environmental conditions; and they may have significantly negative impact on expression of endogenous genes. If not well understood, the sehurdles could become significant barriers in transgenic breeding. This paper reviews some genetic issues and pitfalls that are often encountered in transgenic breeding. Because of the necessity of being brief, transgene expression, silencing, and breeding are the three areas of focuses in this discussion. While molecular mechanisms underlying many of the transgenic phenomena have not been completely understood, some practical ‘rules’ are now available for creating, evaluating and selecting desirable transgenic transformants. It can be certain that with more transgenic plants generated and characterized our knowledge of transgene genetics at both molecular and plant levels will continue to accumulate. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   
7.
植物基因工程中存在的问题及对策   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
从外源基因进入植物细胞到功能的表达,存在许多不确定性,如外源基因拷贝数、结构的完整性、插入位点的选择以及整合方式。而且外源基因进入受体细胞后,与受体细胞的基因组间相互作用、相互影响从而使基因植物中存在的这些问题,近几年有了一些相应的对策,如对外源基因的密码子优化,使用从植物中克隆的具有组织与发育特异性调控作用的增强子、使外源基因带上合适的5‘端先导序列和3‘端URT区、去除标记基因、共转化系统的重新应用、多自-动转化系统的应用、筛选单拷贝转基因个体,采用Agrolistic转化法,同时对转基因与常规育种、农业资源遗传多样性的保护和环境生态平衡问题做了相应的研究。  相似文献   
8.
水稻是我国60%以上人口的主食,在保障国家口粮安全中起着举足轻重的作用。近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高、城镇化进程的加快和消费习惯的改变,我国粳稻消费需求快速增长。但是,受耕地减少、生物与非生物因素胁迫日益严重的影响,粳稻增产的难度越来越大。基因工程技术的发展和应用为打破这一僵局提供了可能。回顾了粳稻转基因技术的发展,对粳稻转基因体系建立、体系优化、育种应用和安全转基因技术研发等方面进行了综述,并对目前粳稻转基因技术存在的问题和未来的发展进行了分析和展望。  相似文献   
9.
草甘膦是世界上应用最广泛的广谱性除草剂,目前我国还没有自主知识产权的抗草甘膦油菜品种。本研究利用农杆菌介导的油菜下胚轴遗传转化方法,将新型抗草甘膦基因I.variabilis EPSPS转入甘蓝型油菜品系J9707中,获得了126株阳性转化株,阳性率为97.0%。这些转化单株中的T-DNA插入以单拷贝为主(占44.8%)。通过反向PCR确定了EPS-2、EPS-6和EPS-7等油菜转化体中T-DNA插入位置,并设计转化体特异性引物对它们的T0~T3代材料进行检测,证明了它们的T-DNA在基因组水平上整合的稳定性。RNA和蛋白水平的表达分析证实,I.variabilis EPSPS转基因及其蛋白产物在各转化株系不同世代能够稳定表达。苗期进行不同剂量的除草剂喷施处理发现,EPS-1、EPS-2、EPS-5、EPS-6和EPS-7等株系可耐受4倍田间推荐使用剂量的草甘膦。本研究所创建的新型抗草甘膦油菜种质资源将为我国抗除草剂油菜品种培育奠定了重要基础。  相似文献   
10.
目的 磷脂酸(PA)是甘油脂生物合成的前体,又是参与植物生长发育调节和各种逆境响应的重要信使物质,然而目前对植物细胞中PA含量动态变化的了解十分有限。本研究试图构建一种能有效监测植物细胞PA含量变化的荧光探针,并用之测定盐碱胁迫过程中胞内PA含量的变化。 方法 将Spo20p蛋白中高度专一的PA结合域相对应的核苷酸序列与绿色荧光蛋白基因融合,经遗传转化获得携带该融合基因的转基因拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana株系,其表达受组成型启动子UBQ10驱动,产生的融合蛋白成为专一结合PA的荧光探针。随后,运用该荧光探针监测盐碱胁迫下胞内PA含量的变化。 结果 构建获得7个不同的纯合、单插入位点转基因拟南芥株系。实时荧光定量PCR (RT-qPCR)分析显示:不同株系中融合基因的表达量存在差异。不同浓度外源PA处理试验显示:随着表达量的升高,PA探针可有效监测到2 μmol·L−1 PA处理根尖10 min后细胞中PA含量的变化;而当PA探针表达量较低时,对PA监测灵敏度显著下降,表明在一定程度上荧光探针对PA监测的灵敏度与其表达量相关联。运用PA荧光探针发现:盐碱胁迫处理根尖5 min即可诱导质膜上或胞内PA的积累,暗示PA在植物早期盐碱胁迫响应中可能产生重要作用。 结论 本研究构建了一种可对细胞内PA含量进行有效监测的荧光探针,该探针可用于监测植物盐碱胁迫早期响应过程中胞内PA水平的变化,从而为早期逆境响应研究提供新工具。图7表1参36  相似文献   
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