Radiation Balance Components of Maize Hybrids Grown at Various Plant Densities

Components of the energy and heat balances were examined in two maize hybrids grown at three different plant densities (40, 70 and 100 thousand plants per hectare). One of the hybrids was drought tolerant, while the other was bred for cultivation under irrigated conditions. An increase in plant density influenced not only the size of the leaf area, but also the distribution of the leaves at various plant heights. The extinction coefficient, which provides a quantification of radiation penetration, was higher in the irrigated treatments. By contrast to the other two treatments, the plant canopy in the thinly sown stands remained open throughout the vegetation period, and thus behaved quite differently to the closed stands, making it impossible to compare them. Smaller albedo values were recorded for the hybrid bred for irrigation and in thinly sown stands. The low plant density allowed more energy to reach the soil, from which it was reflected, making a considerable contribution to the final temperature in the stand. The latent heat, in keeping with the quantity of water transpired, was the greatest in the densely sown stands. There was little difference between the latent heat values of the normal and dense stands in either hybrid, indicating that they both had a similar sensitivity to increased stand density. If sufficient water is available it would appear that the stand density could be increased even for the drought-tolerant hybrid.     

活塞-缸套周期性瞬态传热仿真

为解决计算柴油机单个零部件传热时边界条件难以确定的问题,用耦合传热的方法,把活塞、缸套传热时的外边界条件变成内边界处理,利用有限元软件进行建模仿真。以X6130型柴油机为例,用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了活塞-缸套的三维模型,并对其额定工况下一个工作循环内的瞬态传热进行了仿真计算,得到了活塞-缸套上关键点的温度波动曲线。部分计算结果和实验结果对比表明：用耦合方法模拟活塞-缸套之间的传热过程是可行的,且仿真结果与实测数据吻合较好。     

箱式路面体系车辆通过性机理分析

为了评价机械化路面器材对车辆安全通行的保障能力,根据箱式路面器材的结构和受力特点进行结构简化,探讨铰接箱式路面体系与土壤相互作用模型。在沉陷计算的基础上分析集中载荷和均布载荷条件下行驶阻力和挂钩牵引系数的计算公式,提出铰接箱式路面体系车辆通过性评判方法,分析了附着系数、地基参数、结构尺寸对路面器材车辆通过性的影响。     

板翅换热器平直翅片的传热与阻力性能试验

对11种不同结构参数的紧凑式板翅换热器平直翅片的传热和流动阻力进行了试验研究,分析比较平直翅片间距、翅片高度、翅片长度对其传热和流动阻力的影响。结果表明,翅片间距对传热和流动阻力影响较小,而翅片长度和高度对其传热和流动阻力有重要影响。同时对11种翅片的220个试验数据点进行了j因子和f因子的试验关联式拟合,拟合关联式的误差范围为±10%。     

灌浆初期高温胁迫对水稻籽粒活性氧积累及产量形成的影响

【目的】研究灌浆初期高温胁迫对水稻籽粒活性氧积累及产量形成的影响,为耐热水稻种质资源的筛选和鉴定提供理论依据。【方法】以长江中下游地区普遍推广种植的8个水稻品种为材料,在灌浆初期进行高温胁迫（38 ℃/32 ℃,昼/夜）,研究各水稻品种在灌浆初期高温胁迫下的ROS含量、抗氧化酶活性、淀粉合成相关酶活性、产量及其构成要素以及稻米品质的差异。【结果】与对照相比,灌浆初期高温胁迫导致水稻籽粒O^-₂·和H₂O₂含量及抗氧化酶活性显著增加。在不同水稻品种中,淀粉合成相关酶活性对灌浆初期高温胁迫的响应具有差异性。高温胁迫下,产量损失较大水稻品种的O^-₂·和H₂O₂含量增幅较大,淀粉合成酶活性受高温胁迫影响也较大。灌浆初期高温胁迫导致水稻结实率、千粒质量、收获指数和产量显著下降,其中黄华占和湘两优900的产量损失较小,在灌浆初期的耐热性较强;粤王丝苗、泰优390和湘两优2号的产量损失较大,在灌浆初期的耐热性弱。灌浆初期高温胁迫导致糙米率、精米率和淀粉含量显著下降,垩白粒率和垩白度增加。高温胁迫下,产量损失较大水稻品种的淀粉含量下降幅度较大,稻米品质受高温胁迫影响也较大。在高温胁迫下,水稻产量与ROS含量显著负相关,而与抗氧化酶活性显著正相关。产量、籽粒加工指标、淀粉含量和淀粉合成酶活性的抗逆系数与ROS含量的抗逆系数显著负相关,而与抗氧化酶活性的抗逆系数显著正相关。【结论】灌浆初期高温胁迫导致水稻籽粒ROS过量积累是降低淀粉合成酶活性和淀粉含量,进而导致产量和稻米外观加工品质下降的重要因素。ROS的增加量可作为灌浆初期水稻耐热性评价的参考指标。     

大别山板栗片热泵干燥特性及动力学模型分析

为了研究大别山板栗片热泵干燥过程和特性,建立其干燥动力学模型,并优化干燥工艺以提高干燥后的品质,以大别山板栗为研究对象进行热泵干燥动力学研究,通过对7 种常用干燥模型线性化处理,筛选适合用来描述板栗片热泵干燥特性的数学模型,并利用试验数据与模型进行回归拟合,确定并建立最适合的数学模型。结果表明：Page 模型的预测值曲线和实测值曲线高度吻合,Page模型可用来描述板栗片热泵干燥过程中水分的变化规律。研究结果可为板栗片实际生产中的热泵干燥加工提供一定参考。     

涉农高校技术转移中心管理模式研究

针对农业技术的特点,农业科技成果转化有其自身的规律和特征,涉农高校技术转移管 理部门要建立推转一体化的管理模式。以安徽农业大学和江南大学的模式,有效的将横向合同 管理,公益推广体系、知识产权建设及平台搭建有机结合起来。     

保润剂对烟草叶表面微结构的影响

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t考察金钱草多糖保润剂对片烟原料干燥过程的影响规律,为从动力学角度理解保润剂对片烟原料的保润效果奠定理论基础。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t测试施加金钱草多糖保润剂的许昌片烟(X2F)原料在不同干燥温度的水分含量变化,确定原料水分散失的薄层干燥动力学方程,获得内部水分有效扩散系数及干燥活化能。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t金钱草多糖可增强片烟原料的持水能力,显著降低原料的干燥速率常数和水分有效扩散系数,添加纯水和施加保润剂原料的水分有效扩散系数分别在1.286 8×10⁻¹²~1.671 8×10⁻¹² m²/s和1.074 0×10⁻¹²~1.611 0×10⁻¹² m²/s之间,干燥活化能分别为8.42 kJ/mol和13.9 kJ/mol。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t金钱草多糖可提高片烟原料的保润性能,二项分布指数函数模型和Page模型可较好地描述片烟原料水分散失历程,为从动力学角度理解保润剂对片烟干燥过程中水分散失的影响提供了思路。\t\t\t\t     

Effect of a Nonsurgical Embryo Transfer Procedure and/or Altrenogest Therapy on Endogenous Progesterone Concentration in Mares

Endogenous progesterone levels may decline after transcervical embryo transfer in some mares. Progestogen therapy is commonly used to support endogenous progesterone levels in embryo transfer recipient mares or those carrying their own pregnancy. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of the transcervical transfer procedure and/or altrenogest therapy on luteal function in mares. Mares were assigned to one of six treatment groups: group 1 (untreated control; n = 7 cycles), group 2 (sham transfer, no altrenogest; n = 8 cycles), group 3 (sham transfer plus altrenogest; n = 8 cycles), group 4 (pregnant, no altrenogest; n = 9 mares), group 5 (pregnant plus altrenogest; n = 9 mares), and group 6 (nonpregnant plus altrenogest; n = 10 cycles). Mares in groups 4-6 were bred and allowed an opportunity to carry their own pregnancy. Blood samples were collected for 22 days beginning on the day of ovulation. Sham embryo transfer (groups 2 and 3, combined) did not result in a decline in endogenous progesterone levels compared with control mares (group 6). However, sham embryo transfer did result in luteolysis and an abrupt decline in endogenous progesterone levels in one of the 16 (6.2%) sham-transferred mares. Altrenogest therapy in sham-transferred mares (group 3) was associated with lower endogenous progesterone levels on days 10, 12, and 13 postovulation when compared with sham-transferred mares that did not receive altrenogest (group 2). Administration of altrenogest to pregnant mares (group 5) was associated with lower concentrations of endogenous progesterone from days 14 to 18 and on day 21 compared with endogenous progesterone levels in pregnant mares not administered altrenogest (group 4). In conclusion, a transcervical embryo transfer procedure can cause luteolysis in a low percentage of mares. Altrenogest therapy may be associated with a reduction in endogenous progesterone secretion, presumably mediated by a reduction in pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) release and a decrease in luteotropic support.     

高稳系数法在山东省玉米生产试验中的应用

采用高稳系数法(HSC)对2012年山东省玉米生产试验1组的品系进行高产性和稳产性分析。结果表明:宇玉30、DH618的产量最高,且稳定性最好,CI6503的产量最低,稳产性也较差,没有高产适宜地区种植。