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1.
Pollution of arable land caused by heavy metals in livestock and poultry manure has become a potential threaten to human health in China. Safe disposal of the contained toxic pollution with animal manure by co-composting with biochar is one of the alternative methods. Biochars from different sources (wheat straw, peanut shells and rice husks) amended with different loading rates were investigated for passivations of copper and zinc (Cu and Zn) in swine manure composting. Results showed that the passivation effects of the three types of biochar on Cu and Zn were enhanced with increasing biochar dose. Contents of Cu and Zn measured by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and Community Bureau of Reference (CBR) showed that wheat straw biochar with the loading rates of 10%-13% (w/w) was superior to the other two types of biochar in this study. Compared with the control, sample from wheat straw biochar was more favorable for the bacterial growth of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. In addition, pot experiment showed that organic fertilizer amended with wheat straw biochar could significantly improve the growth of Chinese pakchoi and enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase) as compared with the control. Cu and Zn contents of Chinese pakchoi in the organic fertilizer group containing wheat straw biochar reduced by 73.2% and 45.2%, 65.8% and 33.6%, respectively, compared with the group without loading biochar. There was no significant difference in the contents of vitamin C and reducing sugar between the groups of organic fertilizer amended with/without wheat straw biochar, however, there was significant difference compared with the heavy metal addition group. The application of organic fertilizer formed by adding biochar can effectively reduce the adverse effects of heavy metals on crops. 相似文献
2.
Ying Ki Law Calvin K. F. Lee Chun Chiu Pang Billy Chi Hang Hau Jin Wu 《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2023,34(3):751-762
Landslides are common in tropical and subtropical regions with hilly terrains and heavy rainstorms, and can cause significant economic, ecological, and social impacts. Natural forest succession is usually slow on landslides due to poor soil structure and lack of woody plant seeds, and often comes with a higher risk of repeated landslides. Active forest restoration has been increasingly suggested as an effective alternative to restore exposed landslide scars. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of using different seed coatings and surface soil treatments on seed germination and seedling establishment of pioneer and late-successional tree species on landslide scars in Hong Kong. Our results show that biochar-dominant seed coating boosted seed germination rate by an additional 9.33% (Standard error = 0.04), while clay-dominant seed coating did not show significant effects. The effects on seedling survival were not significant in both seed coating and surface soil treatments. Our results also show that large seed and later successional species have significantly higher germination rates than pioneer species and are able to successfully establish on landslide sites. These results suggest that direct seeding using a biochar seed coat with large seeds or late-successional species is a useful method to enhance tree seed germination—an essential first step to restore the forests after landslide disturbances, with potential to be extended to other humid tropical and subtropical forests. 相似文献
3.
Roghaie Hamzenejad Taghlidabad 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(8):1041-1052
To investigate the influence of grape-pruning-residue (GPR) biochar on cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) immobilization in a contaminated soil, a laboratory study was conducted with different rates of GPR biochar (0, 2, 5 and 10% w/w) at 25°C. After 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks of incubation, the Tessier sequential extraction procedure was performed and metal mobility factor (MF) and metal stability index (IR) were calculated. The exchangeable (EX) and carbonate (CAR) fractions of the metals decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with the biochar addition. The EX metal fractions decreased by 23 to 72%, and the CAR fractions decreased by 51 to 67% in the 10% biochar treatment after 8-week incubation. The MF values of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn decreased by 47, 62, 70 and 49%, respectively, with addition %10 of the biochar. Biochar addition favored the metal redistribution into more stable fractions and resulted in an increase in IR values. The results demonstrated that the GPR biochar, especially at high application rate (10%), can effectively immobilize the heavy metals, thereby reducing their mobility in contaminated soils. 相似文献
4.
为研究环境中生物炭和微塑料之间的相互作用对有机污染物吸附产生的影响,选取两种粒径范围[0.85~2.00 mm（L）和0.11~0.18 mm（S）]的小麦秸秆生物炭（BC）和聚乙烯微塑料（PE）,对其性质进行表征,并测定了吸附平衡溶液中溶解性有机碳的浓度和组成,研究了其单独和共存时吸附菲的行为。结果表明：同种颗粒物不同粒径间的差异主要体现在总比表面积、孔结构和表面官能团数量;SBC的总比表面积（216.32 m2·g-1）约是LBC（2.31 m2·g-1）的100倍,而LBC的平均孔径（8.92 nm）约是SBC（2.28 nm）的4倍;SPE的总比表面积（0.17 m2·g-1）是LPE（0.07 m2·g-1）的2倍多。SBC羟基振动峰（3 400 cm-1）的强度显著高于LBC;SPE亚甲基振动峰的强度高于LPE。吸附等温线结果显示,颗粒物对菲的吸附均符合Freundlich模型（R2>0.94）;单一颗粒物吸附菲能力（lg Kf）的顺序为SBC>SPE>LPE>LBC;当生物炭与聚乙烯微塑料共存时吸附能力强于单一颗粒物,并且高于两相Freundlich模型预测值,说明菲在生物炭与聚乙烯微塑料混合颗粒物上的吸附不是独立的;同时,混合颗粒物吸附平衡溶液中溶解性有机碳的浓度和芳香度明显下降,并且溶解性有机碳浓度与颗粒物的lg Kf显著负相关,说明不同颗粒物对菲的吸附不仅受颗粒物表面性质的影响,还受溶解性有机碳的控制。 相似文献
5.
Ahmed S F Ahmed Sai Vanga Vijaya Raghavan 《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2013,14(3):228-236
Global interest in studying biochar stems from its ability to sequester carbon in soil and render nutrients and moisture more readily available to root systems. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to investigate global scientific publications related to biochar research, providing insight into the number of articles published, journal platforms, subjects, citations, and overall trends. The primary databases employed were the Web of Science and Science Citation Index. A total of 1,697 articles published between 2000 and 2015 were evaluated. This systematic bibliometric analysis will assist research groups and individuals to understand global biochar research trends and focus future research. The influence of biochar on soil, plants, and the environment continues to require greater attention. 相似文献
6.
Mo Bai Burkhard Wilske Franz Buegger Esben Wilson Bruun Martin Bach Hans‐Georg Frede Lutz Breuer 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2014,177(4):633-637
Suitable predictors of degradability are sought to support the identification of biochars with large potential to increase C sequestration in soils. We determined the biodegradation of 9 chars from hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis in two agricultural soils. The 200‐ and 115‐day degradation correlated strongly with the O:C‐ and slightly with the H:C‐atomic ratio of 9 and 14 biochars, respectively. Highest temperature treatment and ash content did not show similar correlations. 相似文献
7.
Uzma Younis Muhammad Farooq Qayyum M. Hasnain Raza Shah Subhan Danish Ahmad Naeem Shahzad Saeed Ahmad Malik Seema Mahmood 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2015,178(2):209-217
Irrigation of arable land with contaminated sewage waters leads to the accumulation of trace metals in soils with subsequent phyto‐/zootoxic consequences. In this study, biochar derived from cotton sticks was used to amend an agricultural silt‐loam soil that had been previously irrigated with trace metal contaminated sewage waters. Metal accumulation and toxicity to spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and fenugreek (Trigonella corniculata) was investigated by measuring concentrations of Cd and Ni in plant tissues and various photosynthetic and biochemical activities of plants. Positive impacts of biochar on both spinach and fenugreek were observed in terms of biomass production that increased from 29% to 36% in case of spinach, while for fenugreek this increase was 32% to 36%. In the control treatment there was an increase in malondialdihyde, soluble sugar, and ascorbic acid contents, indicating heavy metal stress. Biochar applications increased soluble proteins and amino acids in plants and reduced the uptake of Cd from 5.42 mg kg?1 at control to 3.45 mg kg?1 at 5% biochar amended soil and Ni (13.8 mg kg?1 to 7.3 mg kg?1 at 5% biochar) by the spinach plants. In fenugreek, the Cd was reduced from 7.72 mg kg?1 to 3.88 mg kg?1 and reduction in Ni was from 15.45 mg kg?1 to 9.46 mg kg?1 at 5% biochar treated soil, reducing the possibility of transfer up the food chain. This study demonstrates that the use of biochar made from cotton‐sticks, as an amendment to arable soils that have received contaminated irrigation water, could improve plant growth and decrease Cd and Ni uptake to crops, alleviating some of the negative impacts of using sewage waters on arable land. 相似文献
8.
Samuel T. Partey Kazuki Saito Richard F. Preziosi Geoffrey D. Robson 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(2):199-215
The aim of this study was to determine whether by applying biochar, it is possible to augment the beneficial effects of legume–crop rotation systems on soil fertility and crop performance. Repeated experiments were established in 2012 and 2013 in South-western Benin using a split-split plot design. Two legumes, Mucuna pruriens (mucuna) and Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), were planted for 42 days on biochar-amended and unamended plots and subsequently cut and applied as mulch 5 days before planting rice. Rice plants were either fertilized or not using a fertilizer rate of 60, 30, and 30 kg ha?1 of N, P2O5, and K2O, respectively. The results showed that the application of legume green manures and fertilizer, either singly or in combination, improved soil nutrient availability, CEC, shoot yield, and grain yield of rice on both biochar-amended and unamended plots. However, the effect was significantly (p < 0.05) greater on biochar-amended plots. The mean grain yield for all cropping seasons was 1.8 t ha?1 for biochar-amended plots and 1.3 t ha?1 for unamended plots. The greater grain yield of rice on biochar-amended plots was associated with improved soil fertility and increased N uptake. 相似文献
9.
生物炭对干旱胁迫下蓝盆花生长及根际土壤真菌丰度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以蓝盆花为试材,在土壤中分别施入浓度为0、10、20、30、40 g·kg^-1的玉米秸秆生物炭,研究了玉米秸秆生物炭施用对干旱胁迫下蓝盆花生长及根际土壤真菌丰度的影响,以期为利用生物炭缓解干旱胁迫对园林植物的生长提供科学依据。结果表明:干旱胁迫下,T2处理下蓝盆花的株高、茎粗、根数和根鲜质量均显著高于CK,其中在处理20 d后,分别比对照高26.23%、17.79%、26.67%和13.93%,T1和T3处理下蓝盆花的株高、茎粗、根数与对照差异不显著,T4处理下蓝盆花的各形态指标均显著低于对照。生物炭处理后还提高了干旱胁迫下土壤真菌丰度,随着生物炭含量的升高,土壤中子囊菌门、担子菌门、接合菌门、壶菌门和球囊菌门,以及子囊菌门未分类或未识别科、毛壳菌科、小子囊菌科、毛球壳科、丛赤壳科、小疱毛科、假球壳科以及担子菌门蘑菇科、接合菌门被孢霉科和半知菌亚门掷孢酵母科,所占群落比例均呈抛物线状变化,T2处理下,上述真菌在门和科分类水平所占群落的比例最大。在干旱胁迫下子囊菌门小子囊菌科、毛壳菌科、毛球壳科、接合菌门被孢霉科在促进蓝盆花生长方面的作用较为显著。土壤中施入浓度为20 g·kg^-1生物炭最能缓解干旱胁迫对蓝盆花生长产生的影响。 相似文献
10.
For years, biochar has been successfully used for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in contaminated soils, not only for improving their removal from soil but also for reducing their uptake by crops. However, the underlying mechanism of biochar application reducing PAH uptake and accumulation in winter wheat remains unclear. Pot trials were conducted on a PAH-contaminated soil amended with bamboo biochar, coconut shell biochar,and maize straw biochar(MSB) for an entire gro... 相似文献