小球藻的风干致死及干燥保护研究

[目的]研究小球藻的风干致死及干燥保护方法。[方法]比较7种保护剂对处于对数生长期的小球藻细胞的保护作用。[结果]海藻糖对藻细胞的保护效果最好,当海藻糖用量为5%时,藻细胞存活率提高了50%。[结论]该研究结果对淡水微藻的诱变育种具有重要指导意义。     

作物海藻糖合成相关基因的研究进展

海藻糖是一种非还原性二糖,广泛存在于自然界各种生物中。随着海藻糖代谢途径的发现,人们逐渐重视对海藻糖及其中间产物海藻糖-6-磷酸（trehalose 6-phosphate,T6P）的研究。T6P是糖信号重要标志,也是植物生长发育必不可少的组成部分。海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶（trehalose-6-phosphate synthases,TPS）催化T6P的生成,然后在海藻糖-6-磷酸磷酸酶（trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase,TPP）催化作用下发生去磷酸化反应生成海藻糖。海藻糖合成相关基因在植物生长发育、逆境调控中具有重要作用,本文对海藻糖合成及作物中相关基因的功能进行了总结。     

海藻糖在渗透胁迫下对油菜种子萌发和幼苗生理的影响

研究了在25% PEG-6000渗透胁迫下海藻糖（TH）对油菜种子萌发和幼苗生理的影响。结果表明：25 mmol/L TH能明显促进渗透胁迫下油菜种子的萌发和幼苗生长,种子发芽率提高19.52%、发芽指数提高33.12%、活力指数提高1.76倍;幼苗MDA含量下降37.77%,Pro含量提高6.96%;POD活性提高33.11%,SOD活性提高1.4倍,CAT活性提高51.08%。     

Responses to water withdrawal of tobacco plants genetically engineered with the AtTPS1 gene: a special reference to photosynthetic parameters

We have previously obtained several lines of tobacco transformed with a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene of plant origin (Arabidopsis thaliana), involved in the first step of the biosynthesis of trehalose, a known osmoprotectant. Two showed distinct intensity of expression: high (B5H) and low (B1F). Such lines were analyzed for trehalose-6-phosphate content and the obtained results demonstrated to be in accordance with the expression results. In order to study the responses of photosynthesis to water deficit of transgenic lines in comparison to wild type (WT), three experiments were performed under different conditions: (1) Relative water (2) Leaf gas exchange (3) Modulated Chlorophyll a Fluorescence. Different responses in RWC of plant lines to water withdrawal were detected, with transgenic line B5H indicating less water loss after the water withdrawal period. Similar responses to water deficit regarding the leaf gas exchanges were recorded for the three lines. When subjected to water deficit stress situations, higher F _v/F _m, Φ_PSII and qP were detected for the transgenic lines. Under a SWC of 20% where higher values for such parameters were detected with special relevance for the B5H line, indicating a possible higher ability to withstand severe drought stress and to resist to prolonged periods without water than the B1F and WT lines.     

昆虫中海藻糖代谢的研究进展

海藻糖是由2个葡萄糖分子组成的非还原性双糖,存在于大量生物如细菌、真菌、植物和昆虫等中。作为昆虫血液中的主要成分,海藻糖是由脂肪体中的海藻糖合成酶和海藻糖磷酸化酶合成的。海藻糖必须被海藻糖分解酶分解成葡萄糖才能用于糖酵解,以提供昆虫能量的需求。脂肪体的海藻糖合成是受激素调控的,而血液中海藻糖的主要来源是脂肪体中的糖原。昆虫的海藻糖分解酶已经得到了很好的研究,但是它的活性控制机制还不清楚。     

拟南芥海藻糖信号途径突变体筛选体系的建立

海藻糖是一种广泛存在的非还原性二糖,它主要作为信号分子参与植物发育的调控和对逆境的应激反应。为阐明海藻糖信号途径,以野生型拟南芥为实验材料,采用筛选研究法,建立了筛选海藻糖信号途径相关突变体的筛选体系。结果表明:尽管低浓度海藻糖是植物正常生长发育所必需的,但高浓度海藻糖却显著抑制拟南芥的生长发育;50 mmol.L-1海藻糖即可以显著抑制幼苗的发育,适于筛选海藻糖不敏感突变体。进一步的研究表明,葡萄糖和蔗糖可以缓解高浓度海藻糖对植物生长的抑制作用,因此在筛选海藻糖信号突变体时培养基中不能加入上述代谢性糖类。     

Rheofermentometer parameters and bread specific volume of frozen sweet dough influenced by ingredients and dough mixing temperature

Response surface methodology described the effects of salt, lactic acid, shortening, and exogenous trehalose and dough mixing temperature (DMT) and their interactions on the three rheological and fermentation parameters. These included maximum dough height (Hm), maximum height of gas release (Hm′) and CO₂ production, measured by the Rheofermentometer F3, and bread specific volume (Sp. Vol.) of frozen sweet dough. The models could estimate the four parameters with R² values of 0.76, 0.69, 0.93, and 0.59, respectively. Salt significantly influenced all four parameters in a negative way. DMT affected positively the Hm and Sp. Vol. of bread. Lactic acid affected Hm only, but its interactions with other variables influenced all four parameters. Shortening level affected Hm′ and CO₂ production positively and Sp. Vol. negatively. The added exogenous trehalose improved Hm, Hm′, and CO₂ production significantly, but not the Sp. Vol. of bread. Among the three Rheofermentometer parameters, Hm showed the highest correlation with Sp. Vol. (R² = 0.75). DMT for the maximum Hm and Sp. Vol. varied with the level of other ingredients. Trehalose alone could not overcome the challenges in a sweet frozen dough system to improve the Sp. Vol., and its combined effects with other ingredients will need to be evaluated to restore the impaired gas retention of the frozen sweet dough.     

外源海藻糖对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗生理指标的影响

在0.4%NaCl胁迫下,利用0.3%~0.5%的外源海藻糖处理番茄幼苗,研究其对番茄幼苗生长及叶片保护酶活性和氧化损伤的影响。结果表明:0.5%的外源海藻糖处理显著提高了番茄幼苗的株高、茎粗、根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量和SOD酶的活性,显著降低了MDA的含量,缓解NaCl胁迫伤害的效果最好,增强了植株的耐盐性。     

平菇中海藻糖的提取与含量测定

[目的]对平菇中的海藻糖进行定性和定量分析.[方法]以平菇为试验材料,以热乙醇为抽提液,用纸层析进行定性分析,以蒽酮比色法进行定量测定.[结果]平菇（含水量为85％）中含有海藻糖,其含量为2.06％,干燥平菇中海藻糖含量则为13.7％.[结论]该研究可为海藻糖的提取和开发提供依据.